Mental health issues among geriatric offenders (Azerbaijan case)

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 73 - 85, 29.04.2022

Gulshan Alıasker Alıyeva

Abstract

This study constructed a measured quality of life elderly inmate in the Azerbaijan penitentiary system. Incarcerated people often face financial, social and emotional costs due to the imprisonment, and this issue influence their mental health, also interpersonal relationships.

Aim : The aim of this research was to examine health issues, the quality of life of older prisoners, and the stimulus that influence their daily mood, especially interpersonal relationship domains. For this purpose, various literature sources were analyzed to answer the main research questions.

Method: 54 inmates from 2 different regimes were involved in the research. In order to obtain data questionnaires about quality of life (QOL), and depression were used. WHOQOL BREF, and consists of 26 questions related to 4 domains: physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment. Patient Health Depression Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to determine depression level of inmates

Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that there was a relationship between interpersonal support and QOL features. Another hand, a negative correlation between interpersonal support factors and depression scores. The base on analyzing literature and collecting data, some items were identified as future recommendations.

Keywords

Geriatric Offenders, Elderly Prisoners, Quality of Life Features, Interpersonal Relationship and quality of life, Depression Factor and Quality of Life

References

• ADAY, R. H., & KRABILL, J. J. (2012). Older and geriatric offenders: Critical issues for the 21st century. Special needs offenders in correctional institutions, 1, 203-233. DOI: 10.4135/9781452275444.n7
• ALDWIN, C. M., & LEVENSON, M. R. (2001). Stress, coping, and health at midlife: A developmental perspective. In M. E. Lachman (Ed.), Handbook of midlife development, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. (pp. 188–214).
• ALDWIN, C. M., SPIRO, A. III, & PARK, C. L. (2006). Health, Behavior, and Optimal Aging: A Life Span Developmental Perspective. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaire (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 85–104). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012101264-9/50008-2
• ALDWIN, C. M., PARK, C. L., CHOUN, S., & LEE, H. (2018). The impact of military service on stress, health, and well-being in later life. In A. Spiro III, R. A. Settersten, Jr., & C. M. Aldwin (Eds.), Long-term outcomes of military service: The health and well-being of aging veterans (pp. 167–186). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000061-010
• ALDWIN, C. M., IGARASHI, H., GILMER, D. F., & LEVENSON, M. R. (2017). Health, illness, and optimal aging: Biological and psychosocial perspectives. Springer Publishing Company.
• BECK, A. J., & HARRISON, P. M. (1991). Prisoners in 2000. change, 6(51,640), 49-153.https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/p00.pdf
• BEDARD, R., METZGER, L., & WILLIAMS, B. (2016). Ageing prisoners: An introduction to geriatric health-care challenges in correctional facilities. International Review of the Red Cross, 98(903), 917-939. doi:10.1017/S1816383117000364
• https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/irrc-903-12.pdf
• BERLIM M.T., FLECK M.P. (2007) Quality of Life and Major Depression. In: Ritsner M.S., Awad A.G. (eds) Quality of Life Impairment in Schizophrenia, Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5779-3_12
• BIRREN, J. E., & Schaie, K. W. (2006). Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (6th edn, pp. 261–287). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Catherine-Bowen/publication/234013321_Aging_in_the_Work_Context/links/5f75d61092851c14bca48371/Aging-in-the-Work-Context.pdf
• BLAZER, D. G., HYBELS, C. F., & PIEPER, C. F. (2001). The association of depression and mortality in elderly persons: A case for multiple, independent pathways. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(8), M505–M509. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.8.M505 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-18111-005
• BROWN, A. D. (2017). Identity work and organizational identification. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(3), 296-317.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318656583_Identity_Work_and_Organizational_Identification
• CHIU, T. (2016). It’s about time: Aging prisoners, increasing costs, and geriatric release.https://www.vera.org/downloads/Publications/its-about-time-aging-prisoners-increasing-costs-and-geriatric-release/legacy_downloads/Its-about-time-aging-prisoners-increasing-costs-and-geriatric-release.pdf
• COMFORT, M., MCKAY, T., LANDWEHR, J., KENNEDY, E., LINDQUIST, C., & BIR, A. (2016). The costs of incarceration for families of prisoners. International Review of the Red Cross, 98(903), 783-798. doi:10.1017/S1816383117000704 https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/irrc-903-5.pdf
• FRIEDMAN H. S. (2000). Long-term relations of personality and health: dynamisms, mechanisms, tropisms. Journal of personality, 68(6), 1089–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00127
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11130733/
• FISKE, S. T., & TAYLOR, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-97723-000
• FUJITA, K., CARNEVALE, J. J., & TROPE, Y. (2018). Understanding self-control as a whole vs. part dynamic. Neuroethics, 11(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-016-9250-2
• https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-10119-001
• HALSEY M, DEEGAN S. In Search of Generativity in Prison Officer Work: Balancing Care and Control in Custodial Settings. The Prison Journal. 2017;97(1):52-78. doi:10.1177/0032885516679380
• HESS, T. M. (2006). Attitudes toward aging and their effects on behavior. In Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 379-406). Academic Press. https://projects.ncsu.edu/psychology/graduate/conc/develop/adultdevelopment/docs/research/Hess-(2006)-Handbook-Chapter.pdf
• HUMMERT, M. L. (2011). Age stereotypes and aging. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 249–262). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380882-0.00016-4
• IBSEN, A. Z. (2013). Ruling by Favors: Prison Guards’ Informal Exercise of Institutional Control. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(2), 342–363. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24545901
• KAWACHI, I., SPARROW, D., VOKONAS, P. S., & WEISS, S. T. (1994). Symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease. The Normative Aging Study. Circulation, 90(5), 2225–2229. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.90.5.2225
• KHURANA, H., & RAJ, A. (2018). Aging and suicide. In B. Vijaya Prasad & S. Akbar (Eds.), Handbook of research on geriatric health, treatment, and care (pp. 409–429). IGI Publishing/IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3480-8.ch023
• KIRIAKIDIS, S. (2015). Elderly suicide: risk factors and preventive strategies. Annals of Gerontology and Geriatric Research, 2(2), 1-6.
• https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Gerontology/gerontology-2-1028.pdf
• LESPÉRANCE, F., FRASURE-SMITH, N., TALAJIC, M., & BOURASSA, M. G. (2002). Five-year risk of cardiac mortality in relation to initial severity and one-year changes in depression symptoms after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 105(9), 1049–1053. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0902.104707
• LIEBLING, A. (1999). Doing research in prison: Breaking the silence?. Theoretical Criminology, 3(2), 147-173. DOI: 10.1177/1362480699003002002
• LOEB, S. J., & ABUDAGGA, A. (2006). Health-related research on older inmates: an integrative review. Research in nursing & health, 29(6), 556–565. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20177
• MROCZEK, D. K., SPIRO, A. III, & GRIFFIN, P. W. (2006). Personality and Aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaire (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 363–377). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012101264-9/50019-7
• METZNER J. L. (2002). Class action litigation in correctional psychiatry. The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 30(1), 19–32.
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11931366/
• MITCHELL, A. J., & DENNIS, M. (2006). Self harm and attempted suicide in adults: 10 practical questions and answers for emergency department staff. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 23(4), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2005.027250
• OWEN, G., FULTON, R., & MARKUSEN, E. (1982-1983). Death at a distance: A study of family survivors. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 13(3), 191–225. https://doi.org/10.2190/2PW7-ARQ8-Y4L8-B3YW
• PSICK, Z., SIMON, J., BROWN, R., & AHALT, C. (2017). Older and incarcerated: policy implications of aging prison populations. International journal of prisoner health, 13(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-09-2016-0053
• RICCIARDELLI, R., & PERRY, K. (2016). Responsivity in practice: Prison officer to prisoner communication in Canadian provincial prisons. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 32(4), 401–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986216660004
• PERISSINOTTO, C. M., STIJACIC CENZER, I., & COVINSKY, K. E. (2012). Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death. Archives of internal medicine, 172(14), 1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993
• SCHAIE, K. W., & WILLIS, S. L. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of the psychology of aging (7th ed.). Elsevier Academic Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-26788-000
• SPIRO, A. III. (2007). The Relevance of a Lifespan Developmental Approach to Health. In C. M. Aldwin, C. L. Park, & A. Spiro III (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology and aging (pp. 75–93). The Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-03414-005
• VIOTTI S. (2016). Work-related stress among correctional officers: A qualitative study. Work (Reading, Mass.), 53(4), 871–884. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152238
• WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (2017). WHO guidelines on integrated care for older people (ICOPE). WHO World Health Organization, Geneva. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550109
• WILLIAMS, B. A., GOODWIN, J. S., BAILLARGEON, J., AHALT, C., & WALTER, L. C. (2012). Addressing the aging crisis in U.S. criminal justice health care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(6), 1150–1156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03962.x
• WOO, Y., STOHR, M. K., HEMMENS, C., LUTZE, F., HAMILTON, Z., & YOON, O. K. (2016). An empirical test of the social support paradigm on male inmate society. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 40(2), 145-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2015.1089518