A STUDY ON THE ANTECEDENTS OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES: THE ROLE OF MINDFULNESS AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract

Aim: Mindfulness means focusing on the moment with attention and a positive attitude. It is a Buddhist concept that was secularized by Kabat-Zinn (2005) and brought to the world of science, and its effects in different areas such as psychology, business administration, health sciences, guidance, and psychological counseling were studied. Numerous studies have found that mindfulness has positive effects on an individual’s attitudes and behaviors. A less studied concept regarding the influence of mindfulness is conflict management styles. In this research, the mediating role of emotional intelligence on the relationship between trait mindfulness and cooperative conflict management styles was determined.
Method: Data were collected from 193 white-collar personnel who are employed in the public and private sectors using the convenience sampling method.
Findings: Trait mindfulness was related to integrating and compromising conflict management styles. The mediation analysis was conducted with SPSSS Process Macro and it was found that emotional intelligence didn’t act as a mediator.
Results: The integrating and compromising styles predict trait mindfulness. The theoretical contributions of the research were discussed and suggestions were given to the practitioners.

Keywords

• trait mindfulness
• emotional intelligence
• conflict management styles

Project Number

Yok.

ÇATIŞMA YÖNETİM STİLLERİNİN ÖNCÜLLERİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIK VE DUYGUSAL ZEKANIN ROLÜ

Abstract

Amaç: Bilinçli farkındalık dikkatle ve olumlu bir tutumla ana odaklanmak olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bilinçli farkındalık Budizm kökenli bir kavram olup Kabat-Zinn (2005) tarafından bilim dünyasına kazandırılmış ve psikoloji, işletme, sağlık bilimleri, rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık gibi farklı alanlarda etkileri incelenmiştir. Bilinçli farkındalığın bireylerin tutum ve davranışlarında olumlu etkileri olduğu çok sayıda araştırma tarafından tespit edilmiştir. Bilinçli farkındalığın yeterince ilişkilendirilmediği bir konu da çatışma yönetimidir. Bu araştırmada bilinçli farkındalığın işbirlikçi çatışma yönetimi stillerine olan etkisinde duygusal zekânın aracı rolü incelenecektir.
Yöntem: Araştırmada kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile kamu ve özel sektörde çalışan 193 beyaz yaka personelden veri toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Bilinçli farkındalık ile problem çözücü ve uzlaşmacı çatışma yönetim stilleri arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu bulunmuştur. SPSS Process Macro eklentisi ile yapılan ara değişken analizi sonucunda duygusal zekanın aracı rolü olmadığı anlaşılmıştır.
Sonuç: Bilinçli farkındalığın işbirlikçi çatışma stillerini yordadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın teorik katkıları tartışılmış ve uygulamacılara öneriler verilmiştir. 

Keywords

• bilinçli farkındalık
• duygusal zeka
• çatışma yönetim stilleri

Supporting Institution

Yok.

Project Number

Yok.

References

1. Almost, J., Wolff, A. C., Stewart‐Pyne, A., McCormick, L. G., Strachan, D., & D'souza, C. (2016). Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(7), 1490-1505.
2. Ayalp, H. D. ve Hisli Şahin, N. (2018). Beş Faktörlü Bilgece Farkındalık Ölçeği - Kısa Formu’nun (BFBFÖ-K) Türkçe Uyarlaması [Turkish adaptation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short Form (FFMQ-S)]. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(3), 117-127.
3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J. ve Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
4. Başoğul, C., & Özgür, G. (2016). Role of emotional intelligence in conflict management strategies of nurses. Asian Nursing Research, 10(3), 228-233. Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36(2), 129.
5. Celik, D. A., & Cetin, F. (2014). The role of mindfulness and self-consciousness on interpersonal conflict resolution approaches. Research Journal of Business and Management, 1(1), 29-38.
6. Chan, J. C., Sit, E. N., & Lau, W. M. (2014). Conflict management styles, emotional intelligence and implicit theories of personality of nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today, 34(6), 934-939.
7. Cheung, S. Y., Huang, E. G., Chang, S., & Wei, L. (2020). Does being mindful make people more creative at work? The role of creative process engagement and perceived leader humility. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 159, 39-48.
8. Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 491-516.

9. Dane, E., & Brummel, B. J. (2014). Examining workplace mindfulness and its relations to job performance and turnover intention. Human Relations, 67(1), 105-128 DeChurch, L. A., Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Doty, D. (2013). Moving beyond relationship and task conflict: toward a process-state perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 559.
10. Deniz, M. E., Özer, E., & Işık, E. (2013). Duygusal zekâ özelliği ölçeği–kısa formu: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form: Validity and Reliability Studies] Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(169).
11. Di Fabio, A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2021). The relationship of compassion and self-compassion with personality and emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110109.
12. Dube, R. (2019). Why more companies cultivate a culture of mindfulness. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/robdube/2019/03/25/why-more-companies-are-cultivating-a-culture-of-mindfulness/?sh=1684be7a5619.
13. Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. Research in personnel and human resources management, 30, 115-157.
14. Goleman, D. (2021). Duygusal Zeka. Neden IQ’dan daha önemlidir?(54th ed.) [Emotional intelligence(Why it can matter more than IQ)]. İstanbul, Türkiye:Varlık Yayınları.
15. Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2017). Emotional intelligence has 12 elements. Which do you need to work on. Harvard Business Review, 84(2), 1-5.
16. Good, D. J., Lyddy, C. J., Glomb, T. M., Bono, J. E., Brown, K. W., Duffy, M. K., ... & Lazar, S. W. (2016). Contemplating mindfulness at work: An integrative review. Journal of Management, 42(1), 114-142.
17. Gunkel, M., Schlaegel, C., & Taras, V. (2016). Cultural values, emotional intelligence, and conflict handling styles: A global study. Journal of World Business, 51(4), 568-585.
18. Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal Bilimlerde Aracı, Düzenleyici ve Durumsal Etki Analizleri. Ankara, Türkiye: Seçkin Yayıncılık
19. Hafenbrack, A. C., Cameron, L. D., Spreitzer, G. M., Zhang, C., Noval, L. J., & Shaffakat, S. (2020). Helping people by being in the present: Mindfulness increases prosocial behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 159, 21-38.
20. Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. Retrieved from HTTP:// www.personal.psu.edu/jxb14/M554/articles/process2012.pdf
21. Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. B. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 310-325.
22. Ilgaz, Z. (2014). Conflict resolution: When should leaders step in? Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/85broads/2014/05/15/conflict-resolution-when-should-leaders-step-in/?sh=b7ca1a733576.
23. Johansen, M. L., & Cadmus, E. (2016). Conflict management style, supportive work environments, and the experience of work stress in emergency nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(2), 211-218.
24. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Coming to our Senses: Healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness. New York: Hyperion.
25. Kalafatoğlu, Y. ve Turgut, T. (2017). Another benefit of mindfulness: Ethical behavior. International Journal of Sciences and Education Research, 3(3), 772-782.
26. Kay, A. A., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2020). Cultivating a conflict-positive workplace: How mindfulness facilitates constructive conflict management. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 159, 8-20.
27. LeBlanc, D., Gilin Oore, D., & Axelrod, L. (2014, July). Workplace conflict: Meaning and measurement. Poster presentation at the annual conference of the International Association for Conflict Management, Leiden, Netherlands.
28. Lee, K. L. (2008). An examination between the relationships of conflict management styles and employees’ satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(9), 11-25.
29. Leroy, H., Anseel, F., Dimitrova, N. G., & Sels, L. (2013). Mindfulness, authentic functioning, and work engagement: A growth modeling approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(3), 238-247.
30. Leung, K., Brew, F. P., Zhang, Z. X., & Yan, Z. (2011). Harmony and conflict: A cross-cultural investigation in China and Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(5), 795–816
31. Li, Y., Li, K., Wei, W., Dong, J., Wang, C., Fu, Y., Li, J. & Peng, X. (2021). Critical thinking, emotional intelligence and conflict management styles of medical students: A cross-sectional study. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 40.
32. Lu, W., & Wang, J. (2017). The influence of conflict management styles on relationship quality: The moderating effect of the level of task conflict. International Journal of Project Management, 35(8), 1483-1494.
33. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate behavioral research, 39(1), 99-128.
34. Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17, pp.433-447.
35. McShane, S., & Glinow, M. A. V. (2016). Örgütsel Davranış [Organizational Behavior]. (A. Günsel & S.Bozkurt Trans). İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
36. Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2017). Are the emotionally intelligent good citizens or counterproductive? A meta-analysis of emotional intelligence and its relationships with organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 144-156.
37. Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2018a). A cross-cultural meta-analysis of how leader emotional intelligence influences subordinate task performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of World Business, 53(4), 463-474.
38. Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2018b). The relationship between emotional intelligence and trait mindfulness: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 101-107.
39. Niederauer, S., (2006). Üniversite Üst Düzey Yöneticilerinin Kişilik Tipleri Ve Örgütsel Çatışma Çözme Stilleri. (Doctoral Thesis). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
40. Özkalp, E., Sungur, Z., & Özdemir, A. A. (2009). Conflict management styles of Turkish managers. Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(5), 419-438. Pérez-Yus, M. C., Ayllón-Negrillo, E., Delsignore, G., Magallón-Botaya, R., Aguilar-Latorre, A., & Oliván Blázquez, B. (2020). Variables Associated With Negotiation Effectiveness: The Role of Mindfulness. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1214.
41. Petrides, K.V. & Furnham, A. (2001).Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15, 425–448.
42. Petrides, K. V. Furnham, A. & N., Frederickson (October 2004). Emotional Intelligence. The Psychologist, 17(10).
43. Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320.
44. Rahim, M.A., (1983). A measure of Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict. The Academy of Management Journal, 26, 368-376.
45. Rahim, M. A. (2002). Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(3), 206-235.
46. Rahim, M. A., & Katz, J. P. (2020). Forty years of conflict: the effects of gender and generation on conflict-management strategies. International Journal of Conflict Management, 31(1), 1-16.
47. Robbins, S.R. & Judge, T. A. (2020). Örgütsel Davranışın Temelleri [Essentials of Organizational Behavior], (Erdem Artan, İ. & Eser, G. Trans). İstanbul: Nobel Publishing.
48. Salcido-Cibrián, L. J., Ramos, N. S., Jiménez, Ó., & Blanca, M. J. (2019). Mindfulness to regulate emotions: The Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence Program (PINEP) and its adaptation to a virtual learning platform. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 36, 176-180.
49. Salovey, P., & Grewal, D. (2005). The science of emotional intelligence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6), 281-285. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
50. Schlaerth, A., Ensari, N., & Christian, J. (2013). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leaders’ constructive conflict management. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16(1), 126-136.
51. Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119.
52. Shahbaz, W., & Parker, J. (2021). Workplace mindfulness: An integrative review of antecedents, mediators, and moderators. Human Resource Management Review, 100849.
53. Sığrı, Ü., (2018). Müzakere. [Negotiation] Ankara, Türkiye: Siyasal Kitabevi.
54. Siegling, A. B., Furnham, A., & Petrides, K. V. (2015). Trait emotional intelligence and personality: Gender-invariant linkages across different measures of the Big Five. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 33(1), 57-67.
55. Song, M., Dyer, B., & Thieme, R. J. (2006). Conflict management and innovation performance: An integrated contingency perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(3), 341-356.
56. Sutcliffe, K. M., Vogus, T. J., & Dane, E. (2016). Mindfulness in organizations: A cross-level review. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 55-81.
57. Thomas, K. W. & Kilmann, R. H. (1974). Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument. Tuxedo, NY: Xicorn
58. Tohme, O., & Joseph, S. (2020). Authenticity is correlated with mindfulness and emotional intelligence. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 1-18.
59. Ural, A. (2018). Örgütsel Çatışmanın Yönetimi.[Managing Organizational Conflict] Ankara, Türkiye: Pegem Akademi.
60. Tran, U. S., Glück, T. M. ve Nader, I. W. (2013). Investigating the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ): Construction of a short form and evidence of a two-factor higher-order structure of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(9), 951-965.
61. Vanlı, O. (2019). The effects of conflict at work on eudaimonic and hedonic well-being of the employees: Psychological empowerment, conflict management styles, and trust to supervisor as moderators. Unpublished master thesis. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
62. Vesperi, W., Ventura, M., & Cristofaro, C. L. (2020). Conflict management as an organizational capacity: a survey of hospital managers in healthcare organizations. Measuring Business Excellence, vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.