Uzay Turizmi: Olasılıklar, Uygulamalar, Kavramsal Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 265 - 271, 29.06.2021

Vahit Oğuz Kiper , Orhan Batman

Abstract

Uzay turizmi faaliyetleri genel olarak uzak bir hayal gibi görünse de aslında bir süredir uygulanmaktadır. Uzay turizmi faaliyetlerinin dünya üzerinde sadece birkaç maceraperest turistin katılabildiği bir aktivite olarak görülmesi, ilgili faaliyetlerin sadece yörünge üstü aktivitelerle sınırlı olduğu yanılgısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ülkeler, yüksek teknoloji bağımlılığı söz konusu olan uzay turizmi faaliyetlerini planlayabilmek ve uygulayabilmek için, henüz kitlesel hale gelmemiş bu aktivite konusunda kendine özgü ekonomik, hukuki, teknolojik şartları kavramak durumundadır. Bu çalışma ile uzay turizmi faaliyetlerinin ekonomik, sürdürülebilirlik, planlama ve uygulama perspektiflerinden incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma bu amaç doğrultusunda bir derleme olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmacılar, ilgili konunun aydınlatılmasının elzem olduğunu düşündüğü boyutlarına dair ilgili literatürü taramışlar ve ikincil bulguları yorumlamışlardır. Çalışmanın konuyla ilgi duyan araştırmacı ve uygulamacılara katkı sağlaması düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Uzay Turizmi, Uzay Seyahatleri, Uzay Turisti

Thanks

Uzay turizmi çalışmalarına destek ve katkı veren, heyecanı ve ilgisi ile insanlığın yeni ufuklara yelken açmasına katkı sunan herkese teşekkürler.

Space Tourism: Possibilities, Actions, A Conceptual Approach

Abstract

Although space tourism is still perceived as a fantasy, it is actually an ongoing activity and a process. The false approach toward space tourism, as it is just an extreme activity experienced by only some adventurous tourists, comes from the wrong knowledge which assumes space tourism is just the travel beyond the earth’s orbit. Countries need to understand the special economic, technological and law conditions of space tourism, which is not a common or a mass tourism activity, to successfully implement planning and sustainability of space tourism. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate space tourism in economic, sustainability, planning and actions perspective. Authors of this paper focused on the literature which is believed to be highly related to importance of the investigated subject. Therefore, the paper is built as a review and expected to aid to both literature and practitioners.

Keywords

Space Tourism, Space Travels, Space Tourist

References

• Beery, J. (2012). State, capital and spaceships: a terrestial geography of space tourism. Geoforum, 43(1), 25-34.
• Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Hasan Aydın (Çev.) Ankara: Eğitim Yayınevi.
• Billings, L. (2006). Exploration for the masses? Or joyrides for the ultra-rich? Prospects for space tourism. Space Policy, 22(3), 162-164.
• Brown, F. (2004). The final frontier? Space tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 29(1), 37-43.
• Chang, Y-W. (2017). A preliminary examination of the relationship between consumer attitude towards space travel and the development of innovative space tourism technology. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(14), 1431-1453.
• Civelek, M., & Türkay, O. (2019). Uzay turizmine ilişkin uluslararası turizm karikatürlerinin göstergebilimsel bir analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(3), 960-980.
• Cohen, E., & Spector, S. (2019). Space tourism: The elusive dream. Emerald Group Publishing.
• Cole, S. (2015). Space tourism: prospects, positioning and planning. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1(2), 131-140. doi: doi.org/10.1108/JTF-12-2014-0014
• Collins, P. (2001). Public choice economics and space policy: realising space tourism. Acta Astronautica, 48, 921-950. doi:10.1016/S0094-5765(01)00067-4
• Collins, P., & Autino, A. (2010). What the growth of a space tourism industry could contribute to employment, economic growth, environemntal protection, education, culture and world peace. Acta Astronautica, 66(11-12), 1553-1562.
• Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R., & Yıldırım, E. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
• Crawford, I. A. (2016). The long-term scientific benefits of a space economy. Space Policy, 37(2), 58-61.
• Crouch, G. I. (2001). The market for space tourism: early indications. Journal of Travel Research, 40(2), 213-219.
• Çolak, O., & Batman, O. (2019). Turizmde kriz yönetimi: İstanbul örneği. Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 351-371.
• Dmjanov, K., & Crouch, D. (2019). Virtual reality and space tourism. In: E. Cohen, & S. Spector (Ed.), Space Tourism: The Elusive Dream (s. 117-137). Emerald Publishing Limited.
• Fawkes, S. (2007). Space tourism and sustainable development. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 60(11), 401-408.
• Frischauf, N., Horn, R., Kauerhoff, T., Wittig, M., Baumann, I., Pellendar, E., & Koudelka, O. (2018). Newspace: New business models at the interface of space and digital economy: chances in an interconnected world. New Space, 6(2), 135-146.
• Hamilton, I. A. (2019). 01 25, 2021 tarihinde Business Insider: www.businessinsider.com/au/video-spacex-launches-60-starlink-highspeed-internet-satellites-orbit adresinden alındı
• Howell, E. (2018). Could spacex and boeing spaceships open a new era for space tourism?. 01 20, 2021 tarihinde Space: www.space.com/41496-spacex-boeing-spacetourism-commercial-spaceships.html adresinden alındı
• Iliopoulos, N., & Esteban, M. (2020). Sustainable space exploration and its relevance to the privatization of space ventures. Acta Astronautica, 167, 85-92. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.09.037
• Johnson, M. R., & Martin, D. (2016). The anticipated futures of space tourism. Mobilities, 11(1), 135-151.
• Kanas, N. (2015). Humans in Space. New York: Springer.
• Keach, S. (2019). Elon Musk's rogue fleet of internet satellites so big it's blocking view of the stars. 01 25, 2021 tarihinde The Sun: www.thesun.co.uk/tech/10384295/elon-musk-spacex-starlink-block-view-stars adresinden alındı
• Laing, J. H., & Crouch, G. I. (2011). Frontier tourism: retracting mythic journeys. Annals of Tourism research, 38(4), 1516-1534. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.003 Launis, R. D., & Jenkins, D. R. (2006). Is it finally time for space tourism? Astropolitics, 4, 253-280.
• Lele, A. (2018). Asia and space tourism. Astropolitics, 16(3), 187-201.
• Lyall, F. (2010). Who is an astronaut? The inadequacy of current international law. Acta Astronautica, 66(11-12), 1613-1617.
• Ma, S., Krilenko, A. P., & Stepchenkova, S. (2020). Special interest tourism is not so special after all: Big data evidence from the 2017 Great American Solar Eclipse. Tourism Management. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104021
• Marsh, M. (2006). Ethical and medical dilemmas of space tourism. Advances in Space Research, 37(9), 1823-1827.
• NASA. (2019, 07 7). nasa opens international space station to new commercial opportunities, private astronauts. 01 20, 2021 tarihinde NASA: www.nasa.gov/pressrelease/nasa-opens-international-space-station-to-newcommercial-opportunuties-privatem adresinden alındı
• Ormond, J., & Dickends, P. (2019). Space tpurism, capital and identity. In: E. Cohen, & S. Spector (Ed.), Space Tourism. The Elusive Dream (s. 223-244). Emerald Publishing Limited.
• Peeters, P. (2018). Why space tourism will not be part of sustainable tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 43(4), 540-543.
• Prideaux, B., & Singer, P. (2005). Space tourism a future dream or a cyber reality?. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(3), 27-35.
• Sadeh, E. (2005). The evolution of access to space as an idea and technology. Astroplitics, 3(3), 305-318.
• Smith, V. L. (2000). Space tourism: the 21st century "frontier". Tourism Recreation Research, 25(3), 5-15.
• Soleimani, S., Bruwer, J., Gross, M. J., & Lee, R. (2019). Astrotourism conceptualisation as special-interest tourism (SIT) field: A phenomenological approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(18), 2299-2314. doi:10.1080/13683500.2018.14444021
• Spector, S. (2020). Deliniating acceptable risk in the space tourism industry. Tourism Recreation Research, 45(4), 500-510.
• Spencer, J. (2004). Space tourism: Do you want to go?. Ontario: Apogee Books.
• Spennemann, D. H. (2006). Out of this world: issues of managing tourism and humanity's heritage on the moon. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12(4), 356-371.
• Strickland, P. (2012). Do space hotels differ from hotels on earth? The mystery is solved. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 21(8), 897-890.
• Toivonen, A. (2017). Sustainable planning for space tourism. Matkailututkimus, 13(1-2), 21-34.
• Toivonen, A. (2020). Sustainability dimensions in space tourism: The case of Finland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. doi:10.1080/09669582.2020.1783276
• Viikari, L. (2007). The environmental element in space law: Assessing the present and charting the future. University of Lapland, Faculty of Law: BRILL.
• Webber, D. (2013). Space tourism: Its history, future and importance. Acta Astronautica, 92(2), 138-143.
• Weeks, E. E., & Faiyetole, A. A. (2014). Science, technology and imaginable social behavioral impacts as outer soace develops. Acta astronautica, 95, 166-173.
• Woodcock, G. (2013). Interstellar travel without "magic". Journal of the British Interplenetary Society, 66, 334-340.
• Zhang, Y., & Wang, L. (2020). Progress in space tourism studies: A systematic literature review. Tourism Recreation Research. doi:10.1080/02508281.2020.1857522