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A Study on the Role and Importance of Higher Education Institutions in Waste Management

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 55 - 66

Abdullah Karataş

Abstract

Higher education institutions have very important duties and responsibilities that increase the quality of life of the society they are located in. Along with their basic roles such as education, research and training a quality workforce, universities are also competent in production and provide serious support to the development of countries. However, waste, which is one of the biggest obstacles to economic development, maintains its place on the agenda as a serious problem for all countries. In this study in line with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 carried out under the auspices of the United Nations, the importance of the efforts and initiatives of higher education institutions for society as a waste management strategy is emphasized. Within the scope of this study, which was carried out with the comparative situation analysis method, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University's waste management and other environmental activities were examined and evaluated together with good practice examples abroad.

Keywords

Waste Higher Education Institutions Waste Management Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University

References

  • Agovino, M., Cerciello, M., Javed, A. & Rapposelli, A. (2023). Environmental legislation and waste management efficiency in Italian regions in view of circular economy goals. Utilities Policy, 85, 101675, 1-11.
  • Amasuomo, E. & Baird, J. (2016). The concept of waste and waste management. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 6 (4), 88-96.
  • Bilgili, M. Y. (2020). Katı atık yönetiminde kullanılan bazı kavramlar ve açıklamaları. Avrasya Terim Dergisi, 8 (2), 88-97.
  • Bontoux, L. & Leone, F. (1997). The legal definition of waste and its impact on waste management in Europe. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. A Report Prepared by IPTS for the Committee for Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament. Sevilla, Spain.
  • Bowdoin News (2023). Sustainable bowdoin 2042 plan highlighted on maine public radio, https://www.bowdoin.edu/news/2023/05/ sustainable-bowdoin-2042-plan-highlighted-on-maine-public-radio.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2025.
  • Bulut, A. & Şengül, H. (2023). Atık yönetimi ve sıfır atık projesinin değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul ili örneği. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 85-97.
  • Chenoweth, H. (2017). How can universities strengthen town-gown relations? https://info.higheredfacilities forum.com/blog/how-universities-can-strengthen-town-gown-relations, Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2025.
  • Cranmer, S. (2022). Residential dining services partners with rams against hunger to combat food insecurity on campus. https://source.colostate. edu/residential-dining-services-partners-with-rams against-hunger-to-combat-food-insecurity-on-campus/, Erişim Tarihi: 29. 05. 2025.
  • CSU-Colorado State University (2023). Annual sustainability report-academic year 2020-2021. https://housing.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/ 28/2023/12/FY21-Annual-Sustainability-Report-1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02. 06. 2025.
  • de A. Romero, M. & Kronka Mülfarth, R. C. (2017). University of São Paulo: Sustainability masterplan for policies, plans, goals and actions. https://link.springer .com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47877-7_34, Erişim Tarihi: 06. 06. 2025.
  • Demirarslan, K. O. & Başak, S. (2018). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi illeri katı atık yönetimi. Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 1(3),117-132.
  • EAIE-European Association For International Education (2021). Universities and the global sustainability agenda: A view from Bologna. https://www.eaie.org/resource/ universities-global-sustainability-agenda-university-bologna.html, Erişim Tarihi: 19. 06. 2025.
  • EARTH.ORG (2023). The Problem with solid waste management in Nigeria’s low-income neighbourhoods. https://earth.org/the-problem-with-solid-waste-management-in-nigerias-low-income-neighbourhoods/, Erişim Tarihi: 28. 06. 2025.
  • Ellis-Peterson, H. & Hassan, A. (2024). It’s impossible to breathe: Delhi’s rubbish dumps drive sky-high methane emissions. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024 /feb/12/delhi-india-rubbish-dumps-sky-high-methane-emissions, Erişim Tarihi: 07. 01. 2025.
  • EPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency (2024). $10 million award to university of connecticut to help local communities address environmental justice challenges across New England. https://www.epa.gov/ newsreleases/10-million-award-university-connecticut-help-local-communities-address-environmental, Erişim Tarihi: 20. 06. 2025.
  • Fourtane, S. (2022). 7 sustainable practices towards a greener campus. https://www.fierce-network.com/ leadership/7-sustainable-practices-towards-greener-campus, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2025.
  • Green Office Network (2025). Green office Groningen. https://www.greenofficemovement.org/green-office-groningen/, Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2025.
  • Gürsoy Haksevenler, B., Kavak, F. F. & Akpınar, A. (2020). Sıfır atık yönetimi, Marmara Üniversitesi Anadoluhisarı Kampüsü örneği. Kent Akademisi Dergisi, 13 (4): 722-735.
  • Hampton, N. (2018). UConn senate passes environmental general education requirement. https://dailycampus.com/ 2018/02/06/2018-2-6-uconn-se nate-passes-environmental-general-education-require ment/, Erişim Tarihi: 04.06.2025.
  • Helling, K. (2017). Environmental Campus Birkenfeld-A Role Model for Universities on How to Contribute to the Implementation Process of the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320291420_Environmental_Campus_Birkenfeld-A_Role_Mode l_for_Universities_on _How_to_Contribute_to_the_Implementation_Process_of_the _Sustainable_Development_Goals, Erişim Tarihi: 15. 06. 2025.
  • İri, R. (2020). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi’nin şehir ve yöresine olan ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel etkisine yönelik yerel halkın algılarının incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10 (16), 6014-6046.
  • Jimenez, P. (2024). 5 of the most sustainable universities in the world. https://www.colleg express.com/articles-and-advice/admission/articles/explore-undergraduate colleges-universities/5-of-the-most-sustainable-universities-in-the world/, Erişim Tarihi: 06. 06. 2025,
  • Kowarski, I. & Wood, S. (2024). 14 Environmentally Friendly College Campuses. https://www.usnews.com/ education/best-colleges/slideshows/environmentally-fri endly-college-campuses, Erişim Tarihi: 11. 01. 2025.
  • Lawlor, D. (2024). The most sustainable universities in Europe 2024. https://www.study. eu/article/the-most-sustainable-universities-in-europe, Erişim Tarihi: 29. 12. 2024.
  • Ledford, D. (2025). Bar Harbor College first in country to eliminate the use of single-use plasticware. https://spectrumlocalnews.com/me/maine/environment/ 2025/02/17/bar-harbor-college-first-in-country-to-elimi nate-the-use-of-single-use-plasticware, Erişim Tarihi: 30. 05. 2025.
  • Mantaring, J. R. (2024). Has the philippines created a garbage problem too big to dig its way out of? https://pcij.org/2024/05/19/has-the-philippines-created-a-garbage-problem-too-big-to-dig-its-way-out-of/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2025
  • Niğde Haber (2023). Bal ormanı fidan dikim etkinliği gerçekleştirildi. https://www.nigdehaber.com.tr/bal-ormani-fidan-dikim-etkinligi-gerceklestirildi, Erişim Tarihi: 29. 01. 2025.
  • Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ömürbek, V., Erk, Ç. & Herek, S. (2019). Üniversitelerde atık yönetimi uygulamaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (35): 124-161.
  • Pascawati, N. A., Lustiyati, E. D., Untari, J. & Ramadanti, D. P. (2023). University readiness analysis towards green campus: A case study using ui greenmetric. Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal, 17 (2), 149-161.
  • Portobello Institute (2023). A comprehensive guide to effective waste management strategies for facilities managers in Ireland. https://blog.portobelloinstitute. com/a-comprehensive-guide-to-effective-waste-manage ment-strategies-for-facilities-managers-in-ireland, Erişim Tarihi: 10. 01. 2025.
  • Resmi Gazete (2019). Sıfır Atık Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 30829. https://www.resmigazete. gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190 712-9.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 17. 01. 2025.
  • Rihn, A. (2021). A brief history of garbage and the future of waste generation. https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/blog/ history-of-garbage, Erişim Tarihi: 15. 01. 2025.
  • Ross, L. (2024). Understanding waste management: definition, environmental impact, and strategies. https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/what-is-waste management/, Erişim Tarihi: 22. 01. 2025.
  • Seadon, J. K. (2010). Sustainable waste management systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18 (16-17), 1639-1651.
  • SED-Smart Energy Decisions (2020). Dickinson College meets carbon neutrality goal right on schedule. https://www.smartenergydecisions.com/news/ dickinson-college-meets-carbon-neutrality-goal-right-on-schedule/, Erişim Tarihi: 03. 06. 2025.
  • Söylemez, A. (2018). Akıllı kentlerde atık yönetimi ve dünya’dan akıllı atık yönetimi üzerine örnekler. Yasama Dergisi, (37), 87-100.
  • Spellman, F. R. (2022). The science of waste. Florida, ABD: CRC Press.
  • Spínola, H. (2023). Environmental literacy for waste management in an academic community: A case study. Journal of STEAM Education, 6 (2), 119-142.
  • Tarhan, K. (2018). Küresel çevre sorunlarinin politikleşmesi ve uluslararasi ilişkiler teorileri kapsamında analiz. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, 2 (1): 152-170.
  • Toska, S. (2024). Çevresel adalet kurmacası. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (1), 1-16.
  • UCLA-University of California, Los Angeles, Sustainability (2025). UCLA Sustainability Plan. https://sustain.ucla. edu/plan/, Erişim Tarihi: 03. 06. 2025.
  • U.S. News & World Report (2024). 10 environmentally friendly college campuses. https://wtop.com/news/2024 /01/10-environmentally-friendly-college-campuses/, Erişim Tarihi: 03. 06. 2025.
  • Yücel, F., Uçan, O., Öztürk Çetenak, Ö., Budak, H., Göger, K., Karahasanoğlu, H., & Koçak, E. (2023). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi’nin Niğde ekonomisine katkıları. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (2), 277-296.
  • 24 Saat Gazetesi (2023). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi 1000 fidan dikti. https://www.24saat gazetesi.com/nigde-omer-halisdemir-universitesi-1000-fidan-dikti, Erişim Tarihi: 22. 01. 2025.
  • https://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2025.
  • https://www.ohu.edu.tr/, Erişim Tarihi: 04.01.2025.
  • https://sifiratik.gov.tr/kutuphane/haberler/uluslararasi-sifir-atik-gunu, Erişim Tarihi: 04.01.2025.

Atık Yönetiminde Yüksek Öğretim Kurumlarının Rolü ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 55 - 66

Abdullah Karataş

Abstract

Yükseköğretim kurumlarının, bulundukları toplumun yaşam kalitesini artıran çok önemli görev ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Eğitim, araştırma ve kaliteli iş gücü yetiştirme gibi temel rolleri ile birlikte üretimde de söz sahibi olan pek çok üniversite, ülkelerin kalkınmasına ciddi anlamda destek vermektedir. Ancak iktisadi kalkınmanın önündeki en büyük engellerden biri olan atıklar, tüm ülkeler için ciddi bir sorun olarak gündemdeki yerini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Birleşmiş Milletler himayesinde yürütülen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma 2030 Hedefleri doğrultusunda, bir atık yönetim stratejisi olarak yükseköğretim kurumlarının çaba ve girişimlerinin toplum için önemi vurgulanmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı durum analizi yöntemi ile yürütülen bu çalışma kapsamında, yurt dışında bulunun iyi uygulama örnekleri ile birlikte Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi atık yönetimi ve diğer çevreci faaliyetleri incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Atıklar Yükseköğretim Kurumları Atık Yönetimi Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi

References

  • Agovino, M., Cerciello, M., Javed, A. & Rapposelli, A. (2023). Environmental legislation and waste management efficiency in Italian regions in view of circular economy goals. Utilities Policy, 85, 101675, 1-11.
  • Amasuomo, E. & Baird, J. (2016). The concept of waste and waste management. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 6 (4), 88-96.
  • Bilgili, M. Y. (2020). Katı atık yönetiminde kullanılan bazı kavramlar ve açıklamaları. Avrasya Terim Dergisi, 8 (2), 88-97.
  • Bontoux, L. & Leone, F. (1997). The legal definition of waste and its impact on waste management in Europe. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. A Report Prepared by IPTS for the Committee for Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament. Sevilla, Spain.
  • Bowdoin News (2023). Sustainable bowdoin 2042 plan highlighted on maine public radio, https://www.bowdoin.edu/news/2023/05/ sustainable-bowdoin-2042-plan-highlighted-on-maine-public-radio.html, Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2025.
  • Bulut, A. & Şengül, H. (2023). Atık yönetimi ve sıfır atık projesinin değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul ili örneği. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 85-97.
  • Chenoweth, H. (2017). How can universities strengthen town-gown relations? https://info.higheredfacilities forum.com/blog/how-universities-can-strengthen-town-gown-relations, Erişim Tarihi: 22.01.2025.
  • Cranmer, S. (2022). Residential dining services partners with rams against hunger to combat food insecurity on campus. https://source.colostate. edu/residential-dining-services-partners-with-rams against-hunger-to-combat-food-insecurity-on-campus/, Erişim Tarihi: 29. 05. 2025.
  • CSU-Colorado State University (2023). Annual sustainability report-academic year 2020-2021. https://housing.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/ 28/2023/12/FY21-Annual-Sustainability-Report-1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02. 06. 2025.
  • de A. Romero, M. & Kronka Mülfarth, R. C. (2017). University of São Paulo: Sustainability masterplan for policies, plans, goals and actions. https://link.springer .com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47877-7_34, Erişim Tarihi: 06. 06. 2025.
  • Demirarslan, K. O. & Başak, S. (2018). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi illeri katı atık yönetimi. Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 1(3),117-132.
  • EAIE-European Association For International Education (2021). Universities and the global sustainability agenda: A view from Bologna. https://www.eaie.org/resource/ universities-global-sustainability-agenda-university-bologna.html, Erişim Tarihi: 19. 06. 2025.
  • EARTH.ORG (2023). The Problem with solid waste management in Nigeria’s low-income neighbourhoods. https://earth.org/the-problem-with-solid-waste-management-in-nigerias-low-income-neighbourhoods/, Erişim Tarihi: 28. 06. 2025.
  • Ellis-Peterson, H. & Hassan, A. (2024). It’s impossible to breathe: Delhi’s rubbish dumps drive sky-high methane emissions. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024 /feb/12/delhi-india-rubbish-dumps-sky-high-methane-emissions, Erişim Tarihi: 07. 01. 2025.
  • EPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency (2024). $10 million award to university of connecticut to help local communities address environmental justice challenges across New England. https://www.epa.gov/ newsreleases/10-million-award-university-connecticut-help-local-communities-address-environmental, Erişim Tarihi: 20. 06. 2025.
  • Fourtane, S. (2022). 7 sustainable practices towards a greener campus. https://www.fierce-network.com/ leadership/7-sustainable-practices-towards-greener-campus, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2025.
  • Green Office Network (2025). Green office Groningen. https://www.greenofficemovement.org/green-office-groningen/, Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2025.
  • Gürsoy Haksevenler, B., Kavak, F. F. & Akpınar, A. (2020). Sıfır atık yönetimi, Marmara Üniversitesi Anadoluhisarı Kampüsü örneği. Kent Akademisi Dergisi, 13 (4): 722-735.
  • Hampton, N. (2018). UConn senate passes environmental general education requirement. https://dailycampus.com/ 2018/02/06/2018-2-6-uconn-se nate-passes-environmental-general-education-require ment/, Erişim Tarihi: 04.06.2025.
  • Helling, K. (2017). Environmental Campus Birkenfeld-A Role Model for Universities on How to Contribute to the Implementation Process of the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320291420_Environmental_Campus_Birkenfeld-A_Role_Mode l_for_Universities_on _How_to_Contribute_to_the_Implementation_Process_of_the _Sustainable_Development_Goals, Erişim Tarihi: 15. 06. 2025.
  • İri, R. (2020). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi’nin şehir ve yöresine olan ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel etkisine yönelik yerel halkın algılarının incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. OPUS-Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10 (16), 6014-6046.
  • Jimenez, P. (2024). 5 of the most sustainable universities in the world. https://www.colleg express.com/articles-and-advice/admission/articles/explore-undergraduate colleges-universities/5-of-the-most-sustainable-universities-in-the world/, Erişim Tarihi: 06. 06. 2025,
  • Kowarski, I. & Wood, S. (2024). 14 Environmentally Friendly College Campuses. https://www.usnews.com/ education/best-colleges/slideshows/environmentally-fri endly-college-campuses, Erişim Tarihi: 11. 01. 2025.
  • Lawlor, D. (2024). The most sustainable universities in Europe 2024. https://www.study. eu/article/the-most-sustainable-universities-in-europe, Erişim Tarihi: 29. 12. 2024.
  • Ledford, D. (2025). Bar Harbor College first in country to eliminate the use of single-use plasticware. https://spectrumlocalnews.com/me/maine/environment/ 2025/02/17/bar-harbor-college-first-in-country-to-elimi nate-the-use-of-single-use-plasticware, Erişim Tarihi: 30. 05. 2025.
  • Mantaring, J. R. (2024). Has the philippines created a garbage problem too big to dig its way out of? https://pcij.org/2024/05/19/has-the-philippines-created-a-garbage-problem-too-big-to-dig-its-way-out-of/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2025
  • Niğde Haber (2023). Bal ormanı fidan dikim etkinliği gerçekleştirildi. https://www.nigdehaber.com.tr/bal-ormani-fidan-dikim-etkinligi-gerceklestirildi, Erişim Tarihi: 29. 01. 2025.
  • Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ömürbek, V., Erk, Ç. & Herek, S. (2019). Üniversitelerde atık yönetimi uygulamaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (35): 124-161.
  • Pascawati, N. A., Lustiyati, E. D., Untari, J. & Ramadanti, D. P. (2023). University readiness analysis towards green campus: A case study using ui greenmetric. Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal, 17 (2), 149-161.
  • Portobello Institute (2023). A comprehensive guide to effective waste management strategies for facilities managers in Ireland. https://blog.portobelloinstitute. com/a-comprehensive-guide-to-effective-waste-manage ment-strategies-for-facilities-managers-in-ireland, Erişim Tarihi: 10. 01. 2025.
  • Resmi Gazete (2019). Sıfır Atık Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 30829. https://www.resmigazete. gov.tr/eskiler/2019/07/20190 712-9.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 17. 01. 2025.
  • Rihn, A. (2021). A brief history of garbage and the future of waste generation. https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/blog/ history-of-garbage, Erişim Tarihi: 15. 01. 2025.
  • Ross, L. (2024). Understanding waste management: definition, environmental impact, and strategies. https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/what-is-waste management/, Erişim Tarihi: 22. 01. 2025.
  • Seadon, J. K. (2010). Sustainable waste management systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18 (16-17), 1639-1651.
  • SED-Smart Energy Decisions (2020). Dickinson College meets carbon neutrality goal right on schedule. https://www.smartenergydecisions.com/news/ dickinson-college-meets-carbon-neutrality-goal-right-on-schedule/, Erişim Tarihi: 03. 06. 2025.
  • Söylemez, A. (2018). Akıllı kentlerde atık yönetimi ve dünya’dan akıllı atık yönetimi üzerine örnekler. Yasama Dergisi, (37), 87-100.
  • Spellman, F. R. (2022). The science of waste. Florida, ABD: CRC Press.
  • Spínola, H. (2023). Environmental literacy for waste management in an academic community: A case study. Journal of STEAM Education, 6 (2), 119-142.
  • Tarhan, K. (2018). Küresel çevre sorunlarinin politikleşmesi ve uluslararasi ilişkiler teorileri kapsamında analiz. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, 2 (1): 152-170.
  • Toska, S. (2024). Çevresel adalet kurmacası. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (1), 1-16.
  • UCLA-University of California, Los Angeles, Sustainability (2025). UCLA Sustainability Plan. https://sustain.ucla. edu/plan/, Erişim Tarihi: 03. 06. 2025.
  • U.S. News & World Report (2024). 10 environmentally friendly college campuses. https://wtop.com/news/2024 /01/10-environmentally-friendly-college-campuses/, Erişim Tarihi: 03. 06. 2025.
  • Yücel, F., Uçan, O., Öztürk Çetenak, Ö., Budak, H., Göger, K., Karahasanoğlu, H., & Koçak, E. (2023). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi’nin Niğde ekonomisine katkıları. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (2), 277-296.
  • 24 Saat Gazetesi (2023). Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi 1000 fidan dikti. https://www.24saat gazetesi.com/nigde-omer-halisdemir-universitesi-1000-fidan-dikti, Erişim Tarihi: 22. 01. 2025.
  • https://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/, Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2025.
  • https://www.ohu.edu.tr/, Erişim Tarihi: 04.01.2025.
  • https://sifiratik.gov.tr/kutuphane/haberler/uluslararasi-sifir-atik-gunu, Erişim Tarihi: 04.01.2025.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Urban Policy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdullah Karataş 0000-0002-5120-1203

Early Pub Date December 2, 2025
Publication Date December 2, 2025
Submission Date February 11, 2025
Acceptance Date September 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karataş, A. (2025). Atık Yönetiminde Yüksek Öğretim Kurumlarının Rolü ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 10(2), 55-66.
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