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Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 71 - 76, 01.06.2014
https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2014002010

Abstract

Thyroid carcinomas reported to metastasize to scalp were reviewed and discussed with histopathological, prognostic and diagnostic aspects. All cases of scalp metastasis from thyroid carcinomas published in PubMed and MedLine were reviewed and the data of all patients were analyzed to obtain information about the patient demographics, histologic type of thyroid carcinoma, additional cutaneous sites, time interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumor and the diagnosis of scalp metastasis. The literature review revealed 38 cases of scalp metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. The most common histologic type was follicular carcinoma (46%), followed by papillary (35%), medullary (16%) and anaplastic carcinomas (3%). Scalp as a distinct cutaneous area has a rich dermal vasculature and is a site of various primary and metastatic neoplasms. Metastases to scalp from thyroid carcinomas are extremely rare and demonstrate advanced disease and poor prognosis. A scalp nodule may be a diagnostic challenge if it is the presenting symptom of an occult neoplasm with low metastatic potential. Awareness of the histopathological characteristics, and cutaneous metastatic patterns of thyroid carcinomas can help us to overcome the difficulty in diagnosis of such lesions.

References

  • DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, McCormick M, Straus FH. Natural his- tory, treatment, and course of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;7:414-24.
  • Dahl PR, Brodland DG, Goellner JR, Hay ID. Thyroid carcino- ma metastatic to the skin: a cutaneous manifestation of a widely disseminated malignancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:531-7.
  • Koller BA, Tourtelot JB, Pak HS. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the skin: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 1998;8:1045-50.
  • Avram AM, Gielczyk R, Su L, Vine AK, Sisson JC. Choroidal and skin metastases from papillary thyroid cancer: case and a review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5303-7.
  • Nashed C, Sakpal SV, Cherneykin S, Chamberlain RS. Medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to skin. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37: 1237-40.
  • Alwaheeb S, Ghazarian D, Boerner SL, Asa SL. Cutaneous mani- festations of thyroid cancer: a report of four cases and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 2004;57:435-8.
  • Horiguchi Y, Takahashi C, Imamura S. Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;10:988-92.
  • Elgart GW, Patterson JW, Taylor R. Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:404-8.
  • Aghasi MR, Valizadeh N, Soltani S. A 64-year-old female with scalp metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011;15:136-7.
  • Smit JW, Van Zelderen-Bhola S, Merx R, et al. A novel chromo- somal translocation t(3;5)(q12;p15.3) and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 in a multifocal follicular variant of papillary thy- roid carcinoma presenting with skin metastases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001;55:543-8.
  • Chakraborty J, Bandyopadhyay A, Choudhuri MK, Mitra K, Guha D, Mallik MG. Cutaneous metastasis from follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case diagnosed on cytology. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008;51:91-3.
  • Doutre MS, Beylot C, Baquey A, et al. Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A case confirmed by monoclon- al antithyroglobulin antibody. Dermatologica 1998;177:241-3.
  • Niederkohr RD, Dadras SS, Leavitt M, McDougall IR. F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging of a subcutaneous scalp metastasis from primary carcinoma of the thyroid. Clin Nucl Med 2007;32:162-4.
  • Blankenship DR, Chin E, Terris DJ. Contemporary management of thyroid cancer. Am J Otolaryngol 2005;26:249-60.
  • Cupisti K, Ramp U, Raffel A, Krausch M, Rehders A, Knoefel WT. Multiple giant scalp metastases of a follicular thyroid carci- noma. World J Surg Oncol 2008;11:82.
  • Auty RM. Dermal metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:675-6.
  • Pavlidis NA, Sourla AD, Nikolaou NG, Tolis CF, Mitsi VD. Neglected cases of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Occurrence of subcutaneous scalp metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 1990;16:175-9.
  • Rodrigues G, Ghosh A. Synchronous bony and soft tissue metas- tases from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. J Korean Med Sci 2003;18:914-6.
  • Agarwal S, Rao S, Arya A, Gupta K, Arora R, Dhawan I. Follicular thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to skin diagnosed by fine nee- dle aspiration cytology. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008;51:430-1.
  • Lissak B, Vannetzel JM, Gallouedec N, Berrod JL, Rieu M. Solitary skin metastasis as the presenting feature of differentiated thyroid microcarcinoma: report of two cases. J Endocrinol Invest. 1995;18:813-26.
  • Caron P, Moreau-Cabarrot A, Gorguet B, Bazex J. Cutaneous metastasis from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Thyroid 1993;3:235-7.
  • Karabekir H, Polat C, Aktepe F, Gocmen-Mas N. Unusual scalp metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Saudi Med J 2011; 32:849-51.
  • Tronnier M, Winzer M, Wolf HH. Cutaneous metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma: histology, immunohistology, and electron microscopy. A report of two cases. Dermatologica 1991; 183:286-9.
  • Vives R, Valcayo A, Menendez E, Guarch R. Follicular thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the skin [letter]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:276-7.
  • Ruiz de Erenchun F, Espana A, Idoate MA, Quintanilla E. Cutaneous metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid [letter]. Acta Derm Venereol 1993;73:154-5.
  • Toyota N, Asaga H, Hirokawa M, Iizuka H. A case of skin metas- tasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Dermatology 1994;188: 69-71.
  • Cariou B, Charbonnel B, Heymann MF, Bridji B. Cutaneous metastases from follicular thyroid cancer. Presse Med 2000;29: 1557-8.
  • Kumar PV, Monabati A, Tabei SZ, Ramzy M, Husseini SV, Khajeh F. Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: a report of 3 cases. Acta Cytol 2005;49:177-80.
  • Quinn TR, Duncan LM, Zembowicz A, Faquin WC. Cutaneous metastases of follicular thyroid carcinoma. A report of four cases and a review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2005;27:306-12.
  • Santarpia L, El-Naggar AK, Sherman SI, et al. Four patients with cutaneous metastases from medullary thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2008;18:901-5.
  • Ibanez ML, Russell WO, Albores-Saavedra J, et al. Thyroid carci- noma -- biologic behavior and mortality: postmortem findings in 42 cases, including 27 in which the disease was fatal. Cancer 1966;19:1039-52.
  • Ordonez NG, Samaan NA. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the skin: report of two cases. J Cutan Pathol 1987;14: 251-4.
  • This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY
  • NC-ND0) Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduc
  • tion in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Please cite this article as: Arslan S, Arslan E. Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features. J Med Updates 2014;4(2):71-76.

Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 71 - 76, 01.06.2014
https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2014002010

Abstract

Bu derlemede literatürde skalp metastazı yaptığı bildirilen tiroid karsinom vakaları taranarak tanısal, histopatolojik ve prognostik özellikleri ile tartışıldı. PubMed ve MedLine servislerinde yayınlanan tüm tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazı vakaları araştırıldı ve hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetine, tiroid karsinomunun histolojik tipine, skalp dışında cilt alanlarına metastazlarına ve primer tümörün teşhisiyle metastaz teşhisi arasındaki süreye ilişkin verilere ulaşmak için hasta bilgileri incelendi. Literatürde günümüze kadar bildirilen 38 vaka bulundu. Bildirilen vakalarda en sık görülen histolojik tip foliküler karsinom (%46) idi. Papiller karsinom, medüller karsinom ve anaplastik karsinom vakalarının oranları ise sırasıyla %35, %16 ve %3 olarak bulundu. Özel bir cilt alanı olan skalp zengin bir damar ağına ve kanlanmaya sahip olup çeşitli primer veya metastatik tümörlerin odağı olabilir. Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları oldukça nadir olup ilerlemiş hastalığa ve kötü prognoza işaret eder. Düşük metastatik potansiyele sahip gizli bir neoplazmın ilk belirtisi olarak çıkabilen bir skalp nodülünün teşhisi oldukça güç olabilir. Tiroid karsinomlarının histopatolojik özelliklerinin ve cilt metastazı kalıplarının bilinmesiyle bu gibi lezyonların tanısına daha kolay ulaşılabilir.

References

  • DeGroot LJ, Kaplan EL, McCormick M, Straus FH. Natural his- tory, treatment, and course of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;7:414-24.
  • Dahl PR, Brodland DG, Goellner JR, Hay ID. Thyroid carcino- ma metastatic to the skin: a cutaneous manifestation of a widely disseminated malignancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:531-7.
  • Koller BA, Tourtelot JB, Pak HS. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the skin: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 1998;8:1045-50.
  • Avram AM, Gielczyk R, Su L, Vine AK, Sisson JC. Choroidal and skin metastases from papillary thyroid cancer: case and a review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5303-7.
  • Nashed C, Sakpal SV, Cherneykin S, Chamberlain RS. Medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to skin. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37: 1237-40.
  • Alwaheeb S, Ghazarian D, Boerner SL, Asa SL. Cutaneous mani- festations of thyroid cancer: a report of four cases and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 2004;57:435-8.
  • Horiguchi Y, Takahashi C, Imamura S. Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;10:988-92.
  • Elgart GW, Patterson JW, Taylor R. Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:404-8.
  • Aghasi MR, Valizadeh N, Soltani S. A 64-year-old female with scalp metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011;15:136-7.
  • Smit JW, Van Zelderen-Bhola S, Merx R, et al. A novel chromo- somal translocation t(3;5)(q12;p15.3) and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 in a multifocal follicular variant of papillary thy- roid carcinoma presenting with skin metastases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001;55:543-8.
  • Chakraborty J, Bandyopadhyay A, Choudhuri MK, Mitra K, Guha D, Mallik MG. Cutaneous metastasis from follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case diagnosed on cytology. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008;51:91-3.
  • Doutre MS, Beylot C, Baquey A, et al. Cutaneous metastasis from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A case confirmed by monoclon- al antithyroglobulin antibody. Dermatologica 1998;177:241-3.
  • Niederkohr RD, Dadras SS, Leavitt M, McDougall IR. F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging of a subcutaneous scalp metastasis from primary carcinoma of the thyroid. Clin Nucl Med 2007;32:162-4.
  • Blankenship DR, Chin E, Terris DJ. Contemporary management of thyroid cancer. Am J Otolaryngol 2005;26:249-60.
  • Cupisti K, Ramp U, Raffel A, Krausch M, Rehders A, Knoefel WT. Multiple giant scalp metastases of a follicular thyroid carci- noma. World J Surg Oncol 2008;11:82.
  • Auty RM. Dermal metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:675-6.
  • Pavlidis NA, Sourla AD, Nikolaou NG, Tolis CF, Mitsi VD. Neglected cases of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Occurrence of subcutaneous scalp metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 1990;16:175-9.
  • Rodrigues G, Ghosh A. Synchronous bony and soft tissue metas- tases from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. J Korean Med Sci 2003;18:914-6.
  • Agarwal S, Rao S, Arya A, Gupta K, Arora R, Dhawan I. Follicular thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to skin diagnosed by fine nee- dle aspiration cytology. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008;51:430-1.
  • Lissak B, Vannetzel JM, Gallouedec N, Berrod JL, Rieu M. Solitary skin metastasis as the presenting feature of differentiated thyroid microcarcinoma: report of two cases. J Endocrinol Invest. 1995;18:813-26.
  • Caron P, Moreau-Cabarrot A, Gorguet B, Bazex J. Cutaneous metastasis from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Thyroid 1993;3:235-7.
  • Karabekir H, Polat C, Aktepe F, Gocmen-Mas N. Unusual scalp metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Saudi Med J 2011; 32:849-51.
  • Tronnier M, Winzer M, Wolf HH. Cutaneous metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma: histology, immunohistology, and electron microscopy. A report of two cases. Dermatologica 1991; 183:286-9.
  • Vives R, Valcayo A, Menendez E, Guarch R. Follicular thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the skin [letter]. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:276-7.
  • Ruiz de Erenchun F, Espana A, Idoate MA, Quintanilla E. Cutaneous metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid [letter]. Acta Derm Venereol 1993;73:154-5.
  • Toyota N, Asaga H, Hirokawa M, Iizuka H. A case of skin metas- tasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. Dermatology 1994;188: 69-71.
  • Cariou B, Charbonnel B, Heymann MF, Bridji B. Cutaneous metastases from follicular thyroid cancer. Presse Med 2000;29: 1557-8.
  • Kumar PV, Monabati A, Tabei SZ, Ramzy M, Husseini SV, Khajeh F. Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: a report of 3 cases. Acta Cytol 2005;49:177-80.
  • Quinn TR, Duncan LM, Zembowicz A, Faquin WC. Cutaneous metastases of follicular thyroid carcinoma. A report of four cases and a review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2005;27:306-12.
  • Santarpia L, El-Naggar AK, Sherman SI, et al. Four patients with cutaneous metastases from medullary thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2008;18:901-5.
  • Ibanez ML, Russell WO, Albores-Saavedra J, et al. Thyroid carci- noma -- biologic behavior and mortality: postmortem findings in 42 cases, including 27 in which the disease was fatal. Cancer 1966;19:1039-52.
  • Ordonez NG, Samaan NA. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the skin: report of two cases. J Cutan Pathol 1987;14: 251-4.
  • This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY
  • NC-ND0) Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduc
  • tion in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
  • Please cite this article as: Arslan S, Arslan E. Scalp metastases from thyroid carcinomas: review of clinical and pathological features. J Med Updates 2014;4(2):71-76.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selçuk Arslan This is me

Erhan Arslan This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Arslan, S., & Arslan, E. (2014). Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi. Journal of Medical Updates, 4(2), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2014002010
AMA Arslan S, Arslan E. Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi. Journal of Medical Updates. June 2014;4(2):71-76. doi:10.2399/jmu.2014002010
Chicago Arslan, Selçuk, and Erhan Arslan. “Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı Skalp metastazları: Klinik Ve Patolojik özelliklerin Incelenmesi”. Journal of Medical Updates 4, no. 2 (June 2014): 71-76. https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2014002010.
EndNote Arslan S, Arslan E (June 1, 2014) Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi. Journal of Medical Updates 4 2 71–76.
IEEE S. Arslan and E. Arslan, “Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi”, Journal of Medical Updates, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 71–76, 2014, doi: 10.2399/jmu.2014002010.
ISNAD Arslan, Selçuk - Arslan, Erhan. “Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı Skalp metastazları: Klinik Ve Patolojik özelliklerin Incelenmesi”. Journal of Medical Updates 4/2 (June 2014), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2014002010.
JAMA Arslan S, Arslan E. Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi. Journal of Medical Updates. 2014;4:71–76.
MLA Arslan, Selçuk and Erhan Arslan. “Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı Skalp metastazları: Klinik Ve Patolojik özelliklerin Incelenmesi”. Journal of Medical Updates, vol. 4, no. 2, 2014, pp. 71-76, doi:10.2399/jmu.2014002010.
Vancouver Arslan S, Arslan E. Tiroid karsinomlarına bağlı skalp metastazları: Klinik ve patolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi. Journal of Medical Updates. 2014;4(2):71-6.