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Epidemiological characteristics and anatomical distribution of glomus tumors: a single-center retrospective study

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 148 - 150, 23.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1646000

Abstract

Aims: Glomus tumors are rare, benign neoplasms arising from the glomus body, primarily found in the extremities. Although their clinical presentation is well-documented, their epidemiological characteristics and uncommon localizations remain subjects of ongoing research.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed pathologically confirmed glomus tumor cases diagnosed at our institution between 2009 and 2025. Demographic data and anatomical localization were assessed.
Results: A total of 36 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a female predominance (n=19, 52.7%). The mean age at diagnosis was 48.97±14.31 years. Most tumors were located in the upper extremities (n=24, 66.7%), particularly in the digits, while 10 cases (27.8%) involved the lower extremities. Additionally, two rare cases were identified: one in the intergluteal region and another in the back. The fourth to sixth decades of life were the most commonly affected age range (77%).
Conclusion: Our findings align with previous literature regarding the prevalence of glomus tumors in the upper extremities and their higher occurrence in middle-aged individuals. However, rare localizations, such as the intergluteal region and back, highlight the need for a broader clinical perspective when diagnosing unexplained chronic pain. Future multicenter studies with larger cohorts may provide further insights into the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of glomus tumors.

Ethical Statement

This retrospectively designed study was approved by the local Ethics committee approval (05.02.2025/07).

Supporting Institution

None

References

  • Fazwi R, Chandran PA, Ahmad TS. Glomus tumour: a retrospective review of 15 years experience in a single institution. Malays Orthop J. 2011;5(3):8-12. doi:10.5704/MOJ.1111.007
  • Patel NA, Hulst Z, Dehner C, Blacklidge D. Symptomatic glomus tumor in the foot: a case report. Foot Ankle Surg: Techniques, Reports Cases. 2024;4(1):100360. doi:10.1016/j.fastrc.2023.100360
  • Tischendorf F, Barbolini G, Curri SB. Histology, histochemistry, and function of the human digital arteriovenous anastomoses (Hoyer-Grosser's organs, Masson's glomera). II. the possible relationship with sweat glands. Microvasc Res. 1971;3(3):323-336. doi:10.1016/0026-2862 (71)90057-4
  • Cracowski JL, Roustit M. Human skin microcirculation. Compr Physiol. 2020;10(3):1105-1154. doi:10.1002/cphy.c190008
  • Borchers AT, Gershwin ME. The clinical relevance of complex regional pain syndrome type I: the emperor's new clothes. Autoimmun Rev. 2017; 16(1):22-33. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.024
  • Chou T, Pan SC, Shieh SJ, Lee JW, Chiu HY, Ho CL. Glomus tumor: twenty-year experience and literature review. Ann Plast Surg. 2016; 76(Suppl 1):S35-S40. doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000684
  • Honsawek S, Kitidumrongsook P, Luangjarmekorn P, Pataradool K, Thanakit V, Patradul A. Glomus tumors of the fingers: expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. World J Orthop. 2016;7(12):843-846. doi:10.5312/wjo.v7.i12.843
  • Mravic M, LaChaud G, Nguyen A, Scott MA, Dry SM, James AW. Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of glomus tumor: an institutional experience of 138 cases. Int J Surg Pathol. 2015;23(3):181-188. doi:10.1177/1066896914567330
  • Aytekin K, Esenyel CZ, Coskun ZU. Rare localisation of glomus tumor under greater toenail bed, presenting with pain for a decade-a case report. J Orthop Sports Med. 2019;1(3): 60-65.
  • Van Geertruyden J, Lorea P, Goldschmidt D, et al. Glomus tumours of the hand. A retrospective study of 51 cases. J Hand Surg Br. 1996;21(2):257-260. doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(96)80110-0
  • Lin YC, Hsiao PF, Wu YH, Sun FJ, Scher RK. Recurrent digital glomus tumor: analysis of 75 cases. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(9):1396-1400. doi:10. 1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01647.x
  • Fletcher CDM. World Health Organization, international agency for research on cancer. WHO classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. 4. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2013.
  • Jawalkar H, Maryada VR, Brahmajoshyula V, Kotha GK. Subungual glomus tumors of the hand: treated by transungual excision. Indian J Orthop. 2015;49(4):403-407. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.159611
  • Küçük L, Özdemir O, Coşkunol E, Çetinkaya S, Keçeci B, Öztürk AM. Glomus tümörü tanısında manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin yeri. Fırat Tip Derg. 2011;16(1):19-21.
  • Wang Y, Li T, Lv Z, et al. Glomus tumors around or in the knee: a case report and literature review. BMC Surg. 2022;22(1):97. doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01545-8
  • Lahouel M, Lahouel I, Soua Y, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic features of an extradigital glomus tumor of the back. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2020;10(4):e2020077. doi:10.5826/dpc.1004a77
  • Philipov S, Maslarski I, Koleva-ıvanova M, Dikov D. Glomus coccygeum in pilonidal sinus surgical specimens: report of two rare cases with special reference to SOX10 expression. Anatomy. 2020;14(3):216-219.
  • Şimşek ME, Akın S, Ersen B, Özkan MÇ, Gökmen ZG, Aygören BH. Glomus tumor: investigation of 23 cases located in finger. Uludag Tip Derg. 2012;38(1):25-27.
  • Ülkü ÇH, Uyar Y, Özkal E, Öztürk K, Arbağ H. Our surgical approaches in glomus tumors. KBB-Forum: Elektronik Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Derg. 2003;2(1):6-10.
  • Upak TK, Özocak AB, Coşkun M, Yeğen ŞC. Long-term untreated glomus tumor of the stomach. Turkiye Klinikleri J Case Rep. 2020;28(2): 72-74. doi:10.5336/caserep.2019-72080

Glomus tümörlerinin epidemiyolojik özellikleri ve anatomik dağılımı: tek merkezli retrospektif bir çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 148 - 150, 23.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1646000

Abstract

Giriş: Glomus tümörleri, glomus cisimciklerinden kaynaklanan nadir ve benign neoplazmlardır ve genellikle ekstremitelerde görülür. Klinik görünümleri iyi tanımlanmış olmasına rağmen, epidemiyolojik özellikleri ve nadir lokalizasyonları hala araştırılmaktadır.
Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, 2009-2025 yılları arasında kurumumuzda patolojik olarak doğrulanmış glomus tümörü vakaları analiz edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri ve anatomik lokalizasyonları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen toplam 36 hastanın 19’u (%52,7) kadındı. Tanı konulduğunda ortalama yaş 48,97±14,31 yıl olarak belirlendi. Tümörlerin çoğu üst ekstremitelerde (%66,7, n=24), özellikle de parmaklarda yer alırken, 10 olgu (%27,8) alt ekstremitelerdeydi. Ek olarak, intergluteal bölge ve sırt yerleşimli iki nadir vaka tespit edildi. Glomus tümörleri en sık 40-60 yaş aralığında görüldü (%77).
Sonuç: Bulgularımız, glomus tümörlerinin üst ekstremitelerde daha sık görüldüğünü ve orta yaş grubunda daha yaygın olduğunu gösteren literatürle uyumludur. Bununla birlikte, intergluteal bölge ve sırt gibi nadir lokalizasyonlar, açıklanamayan kronik ağrı durumlarında daha geniş bir klinik bakış açısının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Daha büyük örneklem gruplarıyla yapılacak çok merkezli çalışmalar, glomus tümörlerinin epidemiyolojisi ve klinik spektrumu hakkında daha fazla bilgi sağlayabilir.

Ethical Statement

Retrospektif olarak tasarlanan bu çalışma yerel Etik kurul onayı (05.02.2025/07) ile onaylanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

References

  • Fazwi R, Chandran PA, Ahmad TS. Glomus tumour: a retrospective review of 15 years experience in a single institution. Malays Orthop J. 2011;5(3):8-12. doi:10.5704/MOJ.1111.007
  • Patel NA, Hulst Z, Dehner C, Blacklidge D. Symptomatic glomus tumor in the foot: a case report. Foot Ankle Surg: Techniques, Reports Cases. 2024;4(1):100360. doi:10.1016/j.fastrc.2023.100360
  • Tischendorf F, Barbolini G, Curri SB. Histology, histochemistry, and function of the human digital arteriovenous anastomoses (Hoyer-Grosser's organs, Masson's glomera). II. the possible relationship with sweat glands. Microvasc Res. 1971;3(3):323-336. doi:10.1016/0026-2862 (71)90057-4
  • Cracowski JL, Roustit M. Human skin microcirculation. Compr Physiol. 2020;10(3):1105-1154. doi:10.1002/cphy.c190008
  • Borchers AT, Gershwin ME. The clinical relevance of complex regional pain syndrome type I: the emperor's new clothes. Autoimmun Rev. 2017; 16(1):22-33. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.024
  • Chou T, Pan SC, Shieh SJ, Lee JW, Chiu HY, Ho CL. Glomus tumor: twenty-year experience and literature review. Ann Plast Surg. 2016; 76(Suppl 1):S35-S40. doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000000684
  • Honsawek S, Kitidumrongsook P, Luangjarmekorn P, Pataradool K, Thanakit V, Patradul A. Glomus tumors of the fingers: expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. World J Orthop. 2016;7(12):843-846. doi:10.5312/wjo.v7.i12.843
  • Mravic M, LaChaud G, Nguyen A, Scott MA, Dry SM, James AW. Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of glomus tumor: an institutional experience of 138 cases. Int J Surg Pathol. 2015;23(3):181-188. doi:10.1177/1066896914567330
  • Aytekin K, Esenyel CZ, Coskun ZU. Rare localisation of glomus tumor under greater toenail bed, presenting with pain for a decade-a case report. J Orthop Sports Med. 2019;1(3): 60-65.
  • Van Geertruyden J, Lorea P, Goldschmidt D, et al. Glomus tumours of the hand. A retrospective study of 51 cases. J Hand Surg Br. 1996;21(2):257-260. doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(96)80110-0
  • Lin YC, Hsiao PF, Wu YH, Sun FJ, Scher RK. Recurrent digital glomus tumor: analysis of 75 cases. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36(9):1396-1400. doi:10. 1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01647.x
  • Fletcher CDM. World Health Organization, international agency for research on cancer. WHO classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. 4. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2013.
  • Jawalkar H, Maryada VR, Brahmajoshyula V, Kotha GK. Subungual glomus tumors of the hand: treated by transungual excision. Indian J Orthop. 2015;49(4):403-407. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.159611
  • Küçük L, Özdemir O, Coşkunol E, Çetinkaya S, Keçeci B, Öztürk AM. Glomus tümörü tanısında manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin yeri. Fırat Tip Derg. 2011;16(1):19-21.
  • Wang Y, Li T, Lv Z, et al. Glomus tumors around or in the knee: a case report and literature review. BMC Surg. 2022;22(1):97. doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01545-8
  • Lahouel M, Lahouel I, Soua Y, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic features of an extradigital glomus tumor of the back. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2020;10(4):e2020077. doi:10.5826/dpc.1004a77
  • Philipov S, Maslarski I, Koleva-ıvanova M, Dikov D. Glomus coccygeum in pilonidal sinus surgical specimens: report of two rare cases with special reference to SOX10 expression. Anatomy. 2020;14(3):216-219.
  • Şimşek ME, Akın S, Ersen B, Özkan MÇ, Gökmen ZG, Aygören BH. Glomus tumor: investigation of 23 cases located in finger. Uludag Tip Derg. 2012;38(1):25-27.
  • Ülkü ÇH, Uyar Y, Özkal E, Öztürk K, Arbağ H. Our surgical approaches in glomus tumors. KBB-Forum: Elektronik Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Derg. 2003;2(1):6-10.
  • Upak TK, Özocak AB, Coşkun M, Yeğen ŞC. Long-term untreated glomus tumor of the stomach. Turkiye Klinikleri J Case Rep. 2020;28(2): 72-74. doi:10.5336/caserep.2019-72080
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Orthopaedics
Journal Section Research Articles [en] Araştırma Makaleleri [tr]
Authors

Kürşad Aytekin 0000-0002-6969-1183

Halil Karaca 0000-0002-1699-8042

Publication Date March 23, 2025
Submission Date February 24, 2025
Acceptance Date March 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Aytekin K, Karaca H. Epidemiological characteristics and anatomical distribution of glomus tumors: a single-center retrospective study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. March 2025;6(2):148-150. doi:10.47582/jompac.1646000

TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1d)

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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