Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 1302-7050 2146-5894 Tekirdag Namik Kemal University 10.33462/jotaf.1222792 Industrial Crops Endüstri Bitkileri Tek Yıllık Yabani Ayçiçeği Türlerinin Tarla Koşullarında Bazı Morfolojik, Fenolojik ve Agronomik Karakterleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of Wild Annual Sunflower Species for Some Morphological, Phenological, and Agronomic Characters under Field Conditions https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0609-3573 Önemli Fadul NAMIK KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-0609 Önemli Gürkan TEKİRDAĞ NAMIK KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, TARLA BİTKİLERİ (YL) (TEZLİ) 12 25 2023 20 4 857 870 12 22 2022 02 04 2023 Copyright © 2005, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 2005 Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty

Ayçiçeği ıslahında; iklim değişikliklerine uyum, yenilenen hastalık ve zararlılara dayanıklılık ve yüksek heterosisi yakalamak için yeni gen kaynaklarına gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Yabani türler ayçiçeği ıslahı çalışmaları için en önemli gen kaynaklarıdır. Islah çalışmaları için bu genotiplerin tarla koşullarındaki morfolojik, Fenolojik ve agronomik özelliklerinin bilinmesi gereklidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı; tek yıllık yabani ayçiçeği (Helianthus) türlerinin bu komponentlerini 2012 ve 2013 yetiştirme sezonlarında tarla koşullarında yeni genetik kaynağı olarak belirlemektir. Araştırmada; H. agrestis, H. annuus (4 farklı genotip), H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. bolanderi, H. debilis (ssp. debilis, ssp. cucumerifolius, ssp. silvestris, ssp. tardiflorus ve ssp. vestitus alttürleri), H. deserticola, H. exilis, H. neglectus, H. niveus (ssp. niveus, ssp. canescens ve ssp. tephrodes alt türleri) H. petiolaris (ssp. petiolaris (2 farklı genotip) ve ssp. fallax alt türleri), H. porteri, ve H. praecox (ssp. praecox (2 farklı genotip), ssp. hirtus, ve ssp. runyani alttürleri) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tek yıllık yabani ayçiçeği genotipleri üzerinde incelenen karakterler; bitki boyu, birincil yan dal sayısı, birincil yan dala düşen ikincil dal sayısı, bitki yayılma çapı, ekimden ilk çiçeklenmeye kadar olan gün sayısı, ekimden %50 çiçeklenmeye kadar olan gün sayısı, ekimden çiçeklenme sonuna kadar olan gün sayısı, çiçeklenme periyodu gün sayısı, ana sap çapı, tabla çapı, bin dane ağırlığı ve tane verimi unsurlarıdır. Yıl faktörü, bitki boyu haricinde incelenen tüm karakterler üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olmuştur. Genotip, 2013 yılındaki tohum haricinde her iki yılda incelenen tüm karakterler üzerinde istatistiki önemli etkiye sahip olmuştur. Her iki yılda, H. argophyllus genotipinde en yüksek bitki boyu, en fazla birincil dal sayısı ve en yüksek ekimden % 50 çiçeklenmeye kadar olan gün sayısı değerleri elde edilirken, H. annuus genotiplerinde en yüksek tohum verimleri, en yüksek 1000 tane ağırlıkları, en yüksek tabla çapları ve en yüksek sap çapı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Yabani tek yıllık ayçiçeği türlerine ait genotiplerin morfolojik ve agronomik karakterlerine ait her iki yetiştirme sezonundaki değerlerde; bitki boyları 61.33 ve 325.67 cm, bin tane ağırlığı 0.73 ve 101.20 g, ekimden % 50 çiçeklenmeye kadar olan süre 97 ve 223 gün, çiçeklenme periyodu 50 ve 171 gün, bitki tabla sayısı 5.0 ve 800.70 adet ve bitki tane verimleri 1.57 ve 233.20 g arasında değişmiştir.

New gene sources are needed for adaptation to climatic changes, resistance to the regeneration of diseases and pests, and achieving high heterosis in sunflower breeding. Wild species are the most important gene sources for sunflower breeding studies. For breeding studies, it is necessary to know the morphological, Phenological, and agronomic characteristics of these genotypes in field conditions. The aim of this research was to determine these components of annual wild sunflower (Helianthus) species under field conditions in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons for new gene sources. In this research, H. agrestis, H. annuus (4 different genotypes), H. anomalus, H. argophyllus, H. bolanderi, H. debilis (ssp. debilis, ssp. cucumerifolius, ssp. silvestris, ssp. tardiflorus and ssp. vestitus subspecies), H. deserticola, H. exilis, H. neglectus, H. niveus (ssp. niveus, ssp. canescens and ssp. tephrodes subspecies) H. petiolaris (ssp. petiolaris (2 different genotypes) and ssp. fallax subspecies), H. porteri, and H. praecox (ssp. praecox (2 different genotypes), ssp. hirtus, and ssp. runyani subspecies) were used as material. In this study, determined characters on annual wild sunflower genotypes were plant height, primary branches number, secondary branches number per primary branches, plant spreading diameter, the number of days from planting to first flowering, the number of days from planting to 50 % flowering, the number of days from planting to the end of flowering, the number of days of the flowering period, main stem diameter, head diameter, 1000 seeds weight, and seed yield. Year factor had a significant effect on these characters except plant height. Genotype had a significant effect on all characters in both years except seed width in 2013. In both years, the highest values for seed yield, 100 seed weight, head diameter, and main stem diameter were obtained in wild H. annuus genotypes while H. argophyllus had the highest values for plant height and primary branches number, and the highest days numbers from planting to first and 50% flowering. In the first and second growing seasons; values of the genotypes changed between 61.33 and 325.67 cm for plant height, between 0.73 and 101.20 g for thousand seed weight, between 97 and 223 days for the time from planting to 50% flowering, between 50 and 171 days for the flowering period, between 5.0 and 800.70 units for the number of plant heads, between 1.57 and 233.20 g for plant grain yields.

 Helianthus Flowering period Plant height Seed yield Seed weight Helianthus Çiçeklenme periyodu Bitki boyu Tane verimi Tane ağırlığı Atlagić, J., Terzić, S., Škorić, D., Marinković, R., Vasiljević, L. and Panković-Saftić, D. (2006). The wild sunflowers collection In Novi Sad. Helia, 29(44): 55-64. De Haro, A. and Fernandez-Martinez, J. (1991). Evaluation of wild sunflower (Helianthus) species for high content and stability of linoleic acid in the seed oil. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 116(3): 359-367. Fernández-Aparicio, M., Del Moral, L., Muños, S., Velasco, L. and Pérez-Vich, B. (2022). Genetic and physiological characterization of sunflower resistance provided by the wild-derived OrDeb2 gene against highly virulent races of Orobanche cumana Wallr. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135(2): 501-525. Gavrilova, V. A. and Anisimova, I. N. (2017). Genealogy of the sunflower lines created on the basis of Russian varieties. Helia, 40(67): 133-146. Hajjar, R. and Hodgkin, T. (2007). The use of wild relatives in crop improvement: a survey of developments over the last 20 years. Euphytica, 156(1): 1-13. Heiser, C. B. (1951). The sunflower among the North American Indians. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 95(4), 432-448. Hernández, F., Poverene, M. and Presotto, A. (2018). Heat stress effects on reproductive traits in cultivated and wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): evidence for local adaptation within the wild germplasm. Euphytica, 214(8), 1-15. Hernández, F., Presotto, A., Poverene, M. and Mandel, J. R. (2019). Genetic diversity and population structure of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Argentina: reconstructing its invasion history. Journal of Heredity, 110(6): 746-759. Jocković, J., Rajčević, N., Terzić, S., Zorić, L., Jocković, M., Miladinović, D. and Luković, J. (2020). Pericarp features of wild perennial Helianthus L. species as a potential source for improvement of technical and technological properties of cultivated sunflower. Industrial Crops and Products, 144: 112030. Mesihovic, A., Iannacone, R., Firon, N. and Fragkostefanakis, S. (2016). Heat stress regimes for the investigation of pollen thermotolerance in crop plants. Plant Reproduction, 29(1): 93-105. Nooryazdan, H., Serieys, H., Baciliéri, R., David, J. and Bervillé, A. (2010). Structure of wild annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions based on agro-morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 57(1): 27-39. Onemli, F. (2005a). Efficiency of various bagging materials for self fertilization and hybridization on yield components in sunflower. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2(1): 1-6. Onemli, F. (2005b). The self fertility rates of some hybrid sunflower cultivars. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2(1): 7-12. Onemli, F. (2012a). Impact of climate changes and correlations on oil fatty acids in sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(4): 455-458. Onemli, F. (2012b). Changes in oil fatty acid composition during seed development of sunflower. Asian journal of plant sciences, 11(5): 241-245. Onemli, F. and Gucer, T. (2010a). Response to drought of some wild species of Helianthus at seedling growth stage. Helia, 33(53): 45-54. Onemli, F. and Gucer, T. (2010b). Self-fertilization and restoration to cytoplasmic male sterility of some wild species of helianthus. Helia, 33(53): 31-36. Onemli, F. and Gucer, T. (2010c). The characterization of some wild species of Helianthus for some morphological traits. Helia, 33(53): 17-24. Perez, E. E., Crapiste, G. H. and Carelli, A. A. (2007). Some physical and morphological properties of wild sunflower seeds. Biosystems engineering, 96(1): 41-45. Presotto, A., Hernández, F. and Mercer, K. L. (2019). Phenotypic selection under two contrasting environments in wild sunflower and its crop–wild hybrid. Evolutionary Applications, 12(8): 1703-1717. Qi, L. L., Ma, G. J., Li, X. H. and Seiler, G. J. (2019). Diversification of the downy mildew resistance gene pool by introgression of a new gene, Pl35, from wild Helianthus argophyllus into oilseed and confection sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132(9): 2553-2565. Rauf, S. (2019). Breeding strategies for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genetic improvement. In Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops (pp. 637-673). Springer, Cham. Rieseberg, L. H. (2006). Hybrid speciation in wild sunflowers 1. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 93(1): 34-48. Seiler, G. J. (2007). Wild annual Helianthus anomalus and H. deserticola for improving oil content and quality in sunflower. Industrial Crops and Products, 25(1): 95-100. Seiler, G. J., Qi, L. L. and Marek, L. F. (2017). Utilization of sunflower crop wild relatives for cultivated sunflower improvement. Crop Science, 57(3): 1083-1101. Talukder, Z. I., Long, Y., Seiler, G. J., Underwood, W. and Qi, L. (2019). Introgression and monitoring of wild Helianthus praecox alien segments associated with Sclerotinia basal stalk rot resistance in sunflower using genotyping-by-sequencing. PloS one, 14(3): 1-18. Vear, F. (2016). Changes in sunflower breeding over the last fifty years. OCL Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids, 23(2): 1-8. Whitney, K. D., Randell, R. A. and Rieseberg, L. H. (2010). Adaptive introgression of abiotic tolerance traits in the sunflower Helianthus annuus. New phytologist, 187(1): 230-239.