Comparison of Secondary Metabolites and Essential Oil Content of Some Origanum Species

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 5, 1075 - 1090

Muhsin Ağamirzaoğlu , Negar Valizadeh , Amir Rahimi

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1192608

Abstract

Origanum genus is one of the most widely used herbs in folk medicine for its biological properties. This study was performed to determine the morphological and phytochemical properties of five species of Origanum including O. majorana, O. onites, O. syriacum, O. vulgare subsp. vulgare and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum as important ethnomedicinal plants. The study was performed at a Research Farm based at Urmia University, Iran. The plants were collected from various places for determining some quantitative properties, antioxidant compounds, and essential contents. The results showed that the highest plant height (86.4 cm) was observed in O. vulgare subsp. hirtum. The highest fresh weight and dry weight were observed in O. onites (826 and 250 g) and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum (727.64 and 230 g) species in comparison to others, respectively. However, the highest essential oil, essential oil yield per plant, and essential oil yield per ha were 5.26%, 1.71 g and 114 kg ha-1, respectively, which was observed in O. vulgare subsp. hirtum species. The quantitative analysis revealed higher content of total phenol (51.12%), flavonoid (6.93%), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), (54.29%), superoxide (50.04%) and radical scavenging activities in O. vulgare subsp. hirtum species, but the O. onites species showed higher (21.60%) nitric oxide radical scavenging activities compared to other species. The essential oil analysis revealed that the thymol (6.90-59.89%), carvacrol (0.83-48.91%), γ-terpinene (6.55-18.20%), p-cymene (0.50-20.94%) and α-terpinene (2.71-4.28%) were the most prominent compounds in the studied species of the genus Origanum. Cluster analysis showed two main categories and high similarity between O. onites and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum. The findings of the current research indicate that O. vulgare subsp. hirtum was the best species in terms of phytochemical properties.

Keywords

Marjoram, Phytochemicals, Secondary metabolites, Thymol

Ethical Statement

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Supporting Institution

-

Thanks

The authors are grateful to the Office of Vice Chancellor, Urmia University and Siirt University for supporting this study.

Bazı Origanum Türlerinin Sekonder Metabolitleri ve Uçucu Yağ İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Origanum cinsi, biyolojik özelliklerinden dolayı geleneksel tıpta en çok kullanılan şifalı bitkilerden biridir. Bu çalışma, beş Origanum türünün, O. majorana, O. onites, O. Syriacum, O. vulgare subsp. vulgare ve O. vulgare subsp hirtum morfolojik ve fitokimyasal özelliklerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, İran Urmiye Üniversitesi araştırma alanında yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler bazı kantitatif özellikleri, antioksidan bileşikleri ve uçucu yağ içeriklerini belirlemek için çeşitli yerlerden toplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre en yüksek bitki boyu (86.4 cm) O. vulgare subsp. hirtum gözlenmiştir. En yüksek taze bitki ağırlığı ve kuru ağırlığı diğer türler ile karşılaştırıldığında O. onites (826 ve 250 g) ve O. vulgare subsp. hirtum (727.64 ve 230 g) türlerinde görülmüştür. Fakat en yüksek uçucu yağ, bitki başına uçucu yağ verimi ve hektar başına uçucu yağ verimi sırasıyla %5.26, 1.71 g ve 114 kg/ha ile O. vulgare subsp hirtum türünde gözlenmiştir. Kantitatif analiz sonuçlarına göre; en yüksek toplam fenol içeriği (%51.12), flavonoid (%6.93), 2, 2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), (%54.29), süperoksit (%50.04) içeriği ve radikal yakalama aktiviteleri O. vulgare subsp. hirtum’da ortaya konmuştur, ancak diğer türlerle karşılaştırıldığında, O. onites daha yüksek (%21.60) nitrik oksit radikali yakalama aktiviteleri göstermiştir. Uçucu yağ analizleri, Origanum cinsinin incelenen türlerinde, timol (%6.90-59.89), karvakrol (%0.83-48.91), γ-terpinen (%6.18-55.20), p-simen (%94 0.50-0.20) ve a-terpinenin (%2.71-) temel bileşenler olduğunu göstermiştir. Küme analizi, O. onites ve O. vulgare subsp hirtum arasında iki ana kategori ve yüksek benzerlik göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın bulgularına göre fitokimyasal özellikler açısından O. vulgare subsp hirtum’un en iyi tür olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Mercanköşk, Fitokimyasallar, Sekonder Metabolitler, Timol

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Supporting Institution

-

Thanks

The authors are grateful to the Office of Vice Chancellor, Urmia University and Siirt University for supporting this study.

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