Synthesis and Photodegradation of Bi2O3 and Pb-Bi2O3 Nanoparticles and Their Kinetic Study

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 985 - 1000, 11.11.2023

Farzana Haider , Zakia Gul , Kafeel Ahmad Khan

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1164065

Abstract

The green synthesis method synthesized the bismuth oxide and lead-doped bismuth oxide nanoparticles using Ferula Asafoetida leaves extract. The lead-doped bismuth oxide showed greater degradation efficiency than undoped bismuth oxide. This greater efficiency was due to decreases in the band gap energy between the valence band and the conduction band of the metal oxide and reduced the chances of electron-hole pair recombination with the metal oxide catalyst. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by TGA, SEM, FT-IR, EDX, XRD, and UV- visible Spectrometer. XRD diffraction of Bi2O3 nanoparticles reflected a strong and sharp peak at 32.8˚ shows that Bi2O3 nanoparticles are in crystalline phase. The crystallite size of Bi2O3 nanoparticles is 13.433 nm, and Pb-doped Bi2O3 is 9.6 nm, calculated from the Debye-Scherrer equation. The synthesized Bi2O3 nanoparticles are round in shape with average size of ~ 90-100 nm While Pb doped Bi2O3 is ~ 75 f- 100 nm. The EDX spectra showed no additional peak for any impurities. The degradation rate of Malachite Green dye (MG) increased with the increase in contact time and temperature, while it decreased with increasing dye initial concentration and pH. Initially, the degradation efficiency of the bismuth oxide catalyst is increased with increasing catalyst amount, but after a certain amount of catalyst, it started decreasing as the catalyst amount was further increased. The irradiation time on photodegradation is deliberate, keeping other parameters steady at catalyst quantity 0.01 g at specific reaction conditions. Moreover, the dye showed an increase in degradation at 50 oC. The utmost degradation of 92% was observed for lead-doped bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and 76% for undoped bismuth oxide (Bi2O3).

Keywords

Bi2O3 nanoparticles, Debye-Scherrer equation, dye degradation.

References

• 1. Heera P, Shanmugam S. Nanoparticle characterization and application: an overview. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015;4(8):379–86.
• 2. Hani Ramli R, Soon CF, Mohd Rus AZ. Characterisation of silver nanoparticles produced by three different methods based on Borohydride reducing agent. Sharif S, Abdullah MMAB, Abd Rahim SZ, Ghazali MF, Mat Saad N, Ramli MM, et al., editors. MATEC Web Conf. 2016;78:01032. Available from: <URL>.
• 3. Mohammadlou M, Maghsoudi H, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H. A review on green silver nanoparticles based on plants: Synthesis, potential applications and eco-friendly approach. International Food Research Journal. 2016;23(2):446.
• 4. Miri A, Sadat Shakib E, Ebrahimi O, Sharifi-Rad J. Impacts of Nickel Nanoparticles on Grow Characteristics, Photosynthetic Pigment Content and Antioxidant Activity of Corianderum sativum L. Orient J Chem. 2017 Jun 28;33(3):1297–303. Available from: <URL>.
• 5. Duman F, Ocsoy I, Kup FO. Chamomile flower extract-directed CuO nanoparticle formation for its antioxidant and DNA cleavage properties. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2016 Mar;60:333–8. Available from: <URL>.
• 6. Geethalakshmi R, Sarada DVL. Characterization and antimicrobial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using saponin isolated from Trianthema decandra L. Industrial Crops and Products. 2013 Nov;51:107–15. Available from: <URL>.
• 7. Firdhouse MJ, Lalitha P, Sripathi SK, others. Novel synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf ethanol extract of Pisonia grandis (R. Br). Der Pharma Chemica. 2012;4(6):2320–6.
• 8. Gangula A, Podila R, M R, Karanam L, Janardhana C, Rao AM. Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol using Biogenic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Breynia rhamnoides. Langmuir. 2011 Dec 20;27(24):15268–74. Available from: <URL>.
• 9. Raza W, Haque MM, Muneer M, Harada T, Matsumura M. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance of visible light induced bismuth oxide nanoparticle. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015 Nov;648:641–50. Available from: <URL>.
• 10. Falagas ME, Fragoulis KN, Karydis I. A Comparative Study on the Cost of New Antibiotics and Drugs of Other Therapeutic Categories. Baune B, editor. PLoS ONE. 2006 Dec 20;1(1):e11. Available from: <URL>.
• 11. Camilleri J. Color Stability of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Contact with Hypochlorite Solution. Journal of Endodontics. 2014 Mar;40(3):436–40. Available from: <URL>.
• 12. Marchaim D, Lemanek L, Bheemreddy S, Kaye KS, Sobel JD. Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Vulvovaginitis: Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012 Dec;120(6):1407–14. Available from: <URL>.
• 13. Figueroa-Quintanilla D, Salazar-Lindo E, Sack RB, Leon-Barua R, Sarabia-Arce S, Campos-Sanchez M, et al. A Controlled Trial of Bismuth Subsalicylate in Infants with Acute Watery Diarrheal Disease. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jun 10;328(23):1653–8. Available from: <URL>.
• 14. Khodashenas B, Ghorbani HR. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles with different shapes. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019 Dec;12(8):1823–38. Available from: <URL>.
• 15. Yasin S, Liu L, Yao J. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by bamboo leaves extract and their antimicrobial activity. J Fiber Bioeng Inform. 2013;6(6):77–84.
• 16. Princy KF, Gopinath A. Spectroscopic Investigation on the Catalytic Efficacy of Biofabricated Gold Nanoparticles using Marine Macroalgae. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2019;9:38–45. Available from: <URL>.
• 17. Lee HJ, Kim JH, Park SS, Hong SS, Lee GD. Degradation kinetics for photocatalytic reaction of methyl orange over Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2015 May;25:199–206. Available from: <URL>.
• 18. Goel M, Das A, Ravikumar K, Asthana A. A study on the enhancement of sonochemical degradation of eosin B using other advanced oxidation processes. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2014;52(34–36):6770–6. Available from: <URL>.
• 19. Peng F, Cai L, Yu H, Wang H, Yang J. Synthesis and characterization of substitutional and interstitial nitrogen-doped titanium dioxides with visible light photocatalytic activity. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2008 Jan;181(1):130–6. Available from: <URL>.
• 20. Tetenbaum M, Hash M, Tani BS, Luo JS, Maroni VA. Oxygen stoichiometry, phase stability, and thermodynamic behavior of the lead-doped Bi-2223 and Ag/Bi-2223 systems. Physica C: Superconductivity. 1995 Jul;249(3–4):396–402. Available from: <URL>.
• 21. Al-Shamali SS. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in the presence of TiO2 catalyst assisted solar radiation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2013;7(4):172–6.
• 22. Omrani AA, Taghavinia N. Photo-induced growth of silver nanoparticles using UV sensitivity of cellulose fibers. Applied Surface Science. 2012 Jan;258(7):2373–7. Available from: <URL>.
• 23. Patil CD, Borase HP, Patil SV, Salunkhe RB, Salunke BK. Larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Pergularia daemia plant latex against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi and nontarget fish Poecillia reticulata. Parasitol Res. 2012 Aug;111(2):555–62. Available from: <URL>.
• 24. Sylvestre JP, Kabashin AV, Sacher E, Meunier M, Luong JHT. Stabilization and Size Control of Gold Nanoparticles during Laser Ablation in Aqueous Cyclodextrins. J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Jun 1;126(23):7176–7. Available from: <URL>.
• 25. Al-Shamali SS. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in the presence of TiO2 catalyst assisted solar radiation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2013;7(4):172–6.
• 26. Bhuiyan MSH, Miah MY, Paul SC, Aka TD, Saha O, Rahaman MM, et al. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle using Carica papaya leaf extract: application for photocatalytic degradation of remazol yellow RR dye and antibacterial activity. Heliyon. 2020;6(8). Available from: <URL>.
• 27. Alem AF, Worku AK, Ayele DW, Wubieneh TA, Teshager AA, Tadele Mihret Kndie, et al. Ag doped Co3O4 nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitor application. Heliyon. 2023 Feb;9(2):e13286. Available from: <URL>.
• 28. ElBatal FH, Marzouk MA, ElBatal HA, EzzElDin FM. Impact effect of gamma irradiation on the optical, FTIR, ESR spectral properties and thermal behavior of some mixed (PbO + Bi2O3) borate glasses searching for shielding effects. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2022 Nov;1267:133602. Available from: <URL>.
• 29. Wahlbeck PG, Myers DL, Salazar KV. Bismuth activities in a lead-doped bismut-2223 superconductor. Physica C: Superconductivity. 1995 Oct;252(1–2):147–54. Available from: <URL>.
• 30. Lu CH, Chen YC. Characterization of lead cation-incorporated strontium bismuth tantalate ferroelectrics. Integrated Ferroelectrics. 2000;31(1–4):129–38.
• 31. Koli Prashant B, Kapadnis Kailas H. Green synthesis and characterization of SnO2 and ZnO nanoparticles: Study their electrical conductivity and gas sensing properties. Der ChemicaSinica. 2016;7(2):29–35.
• 32. Li R, Chen W, Kobayashi H, Ma C. Platinum-nanoparticle-loaded bismuth oxide: an efficient plasmonic photocatalyst active under visible light. Green Chem. 2010;12(2):212. Available from: <URL>.
• 33. Mohammed-Brahim B, Buchet JP, Lauwerys R. Erythrocyte pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase activity in workers exposed to lead, mercury or cadmium. International archives of occupational and environmental health. 1985;55:247–52.