APPLICATION OF HYDROTHERMAL GASIFICATION METHOD IN THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED FROM AFYONKARAHİSAR-ALKALOID PLANT

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 161 - 170, 23.02.2017

Mehmet Sağlam Nihal Ü. Cengiz Mithat Yüksel Levent Ballice

Abstract

 

ABSTRACT: The wastewater coming from the alkaloid production plant installed in our province Afyon, must satisfy the discharge limits specified in “Water Pollution Control Regulations, 2004” to discharge safely to the receiving environment.  Treatment of alkaloid plant wastewater by the existing treatment method which is a combination of the biological (aerobic / anaerobic) and chemical treatment is not sufficient.  In this study, hydrothermal gasification (or supercritical water gasification, SCWG) is proposed as an alternative and advanced treatment technique. The other objectives of the study is to show the producibility of methane and hydrogen as renewable energy source  and to investigate , to investigate what extent removal of chemical oxygen demand and polluting compounds as a spontaneous result of gasification. The effect of catalyst in the highest conversion of organic carbon content in wastewater to the gaseous product rich in H₂ ve CH₄, the maximum efficiencies in TOC and COD removals. Hydrothermal gasification studies of alkaloid wastewater were carried out without catalyst and with Na₂CO₃ (N). The experiments were performed at the reaction temperatures of 400, 500 and 600°C with/without 0.12 g of catalyst and 15 ml of wastewater. The gaseous products were analysed in gas chromatography, the TOC and COD content of the aqueous products and raw wastewater were analysed in TOC analyser and COD analysis set. The variation of the product distribution and yields, TOC and COD removal by temperature and catalysis were examined. The initial TOC, and COD values of the wastewater studied were 15.000 mg/L and 35.000 mg/L.

 

References

• T. Güngören Madenoğlu, Boukis N, Sa M. Supercritical water gasification of real biomass feedstocks in continuous flow system. 2011;6:5–12.
• He C, Chen C-L, Giannis A, Yang Y, Wang J-Y. Hydrothermal gasification of sewage sludge and model compounds for renewable hydrogen production: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev [Internet]. 2014 Nov [cited 2015 Jun 4];39:1127–42.
• Guo L, Cao C, Lu Y. Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass and Organic Wastes. In: Biomass. 2010. p. 113–8.
• Azadi P, Afif E, Azadi F, Farnood R. Screening of nickel catalysts for selective hydrogen production using supercritical water gasification of glucose. Vol. 14, Green Chemistry. 2012. p. 1766.
• Onwudili J a., Williams PT. Enhanced methane and hydrogen yields from catalytic supercritical water gasification of pine wood sawdust via pre-processing in subcritical water. RSC Adv [Internet]. 2013;3(30):12432.
• Ali Sinag, Andrea Kruse and JR. Influence of the Heating Rate and the Type of Catalyst on the Formation of Key Intermediates and on the Generation of Gases During Hydropyrolysis of Glucose in Supercritical Water in a Batch. 2004;43:502–8.
• Güngören Madenoğlu T, Sağlam M, Yüksel M, Ballice L. Simultaneous effect of temperature and pressure on catalytic hydrothermal gasification of glucose. J Supercritical Fluids 2013 Jan ;73:151–60.
• Mohammadali E, Sheikhdavoodi MJ, Almassi M, Kruse A, Bahrami H. Effect of Reaction Temperature and Type of Catalyst on Hydrogen Production in Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass 1. 2012;3(3):202–9.
• Ali Sinag, Kruse A, Schwarzkopf V. Key Compounds of the Hydropyrolysis of Glucose in Supercritical Water in the Presence of K 2 CO 3. 2003;3516–21.
• Madenoğlu TG, Üremek NC, Sağlam M, Yüksel M, Ballice L. Catalytic Gasification of Mannose for Hydrogen Production in Near- and Super-Critical Water. J Supercrit Fluids. 2016; 107:153-162
• Gutiérrez Ortiz FJ, Ollero P, Serrera A. Thermodynamic analysis of the autothermal reforming of glycerol using supercritical water. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2011;36(19):12186–99.
• Voll F a P, Rossi CCRS, Silva C, Guirardello R, Souza ROM a, Cabral VF, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of supercritical water gasification of methanol, ethanol, glycerol, glucose and cellulose. Int J Hydrogen Energy [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2009;34(24):9737–44.
• Sö OÖ, Akgün M. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids Hydrothermal gasification of olive mill wastewater as a biomass source in supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids. 2011;57:50–7.
• García Jarana MB, Sánchez-Oneto J, Portela JR, Nebot Sanz E, Martínez de la Ossa EJ. Supercritical water gasification of industrial organic wastes. J Supercrit Fluids. 2008;46:329–34.
• Sricharoenchaikul V. Assessment of black liquor gasification in supercritical water. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2009;100(2):638–43.
• Bural CB, Demirer GN, Kantoglu O, Dilek FB. Treatment of opium alkaloid containing wastewater in sequencing batch reactor ( SBR ) — Effect of gamma irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem. 2010;79(4):519–26.
• A.F. Aydin, M. Altinbas, M.F. Sevimli IO and HZS. Advanced treatment of high strength opium alkaloid industry effluents. Water Sci Technol Vol 46 No 9 pp 323–330. 46(9):323–330.
• Aydin AF, Ersahin ME, Dereli RK, Sarikaya HZ, Ozturk I. Long-term anaerobic treatability studies on opium alkaloids industry effluents Long-term anaerobic treatability studies on opium alkaloids industry effluents. J Environ Sci Heal , Part A Toxic / Hazard Subst Environ. (April 2013):37–41.
• Kunukcu YK, Wiesmann U. Activated Sludge Treatment and Anaerobic Digestion of Opium Alkaloid Factory. 2004;
• Aytimur G, Atalay S. Treatment of an Alkaloid Industry Wastewater by Biological Oxidation and / or Chemical Oxidation Treatment of an Alkaloid Industry Wastewater by Biological Oxidation and / or. 2004;(April 2013):661–70.