Research Article
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Preparation, characterization, and radiation absorption study of bentonite clay included soft chewable lozenge formulations

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 54 - 59, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37662/jpt.2021.7

Abstract

Lozenges are renewed popularity as a means of administering many different drugs and may be considered as alternatives to current dosage forms. Lozenges are solid/semi-solid dosage forms that can contain one or more active ingredients, generally prepared as aromatized and sweetened, dissolve or dispersed in the mouth, chewable, absorbable. They can be used in local treatment of mouth and throat infections or irritation to slowly release a fixed amount of drug into the oral cavity or cover the throat tissues with the drug solution, and sometimes to achieve systemic effects when the drug is well absorbed through the buccal membranes or chewed and swallowed. Recently, soft lozenges and chewable lozenges have been re-introduced into the pharmacy and their popularity is increased. At present, we are all exposed to a certain level of radiation. Scientific evidence from past events has demonstrated that any major uncontrolled release of radiation could be harmful and warrants immediate response to assess and minimize public health risks. Bentonite is a natural highly colloidal clay and is used for protection from radiation. This study aims to prepare soft chewable lozenge formulations containing different bentonite doses by using 2 different preparation techniques (hand-rolling and molding techniques), to make quality control tests of the lozenges and to determine the degree of radiation absorption.

Supporting Institution

Atatürk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

TLP-2019-7066

Thanks

This study is produced from a undergraduate student’s graduation thesis. The authors would like to thank Emrah ÖZAKAR for his kindly help in the study.

References

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  • [2] Choursiya S, Andheriya D. Review on lozenges. J Drug Deliv Ther. (2018); 8(6-A): 124-128.
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  • [4] Umashankar MS, Dinesh SR, Rini R, Lakshmi KS, Damodharan N. Chewable lozenge formulation - A review. Int Res J Pharm. (2016); 7 (4): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.07432
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  • [7] Abdoun AS, Alenizi R. Formulation and evaluation of metronidazole lozenges for oral thrush. J Innov Pharm Biol Sci. (2019); 6(3): 5-10.
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  • [14] Bentonite, Kaolin, and Selected Clay Minerals Switzerland World Health Organization (2005).
  • [15] Moosavi M. Bentonite Clay as a natural remedy: A brief review. Iran J Public Health. (2017); 46(9): 1176-1183.
  • [16] Correcher V, Gomez-Ros JM, Garcia-Guinea J, Martin PL, Delgado A. Thermal stability of the thermoluminescence trap structure of bentonite. Radiat Prot Dosim. (2006); 119(1-4): 176-179. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nci613
  • [17] Sellin P, Leupin OX. The use of clay as an engineered barrier in radioactive-waste management - A review. Clays Clay Miner. (2013); 61(6): 477-498. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610601
  • [18] Ishii K, Terakawa A, Matsuyama S, Hasegawa A, Nagakubo K, Sakurada T, Kikuchi Y, Fujiwara M, Yamazaki H, Yuhki H, Kim S, Satoh I. Measures against radioactive contamination due to fukushima first nuclear power plant accidents Part III: Removing and decontamination of contaminated soil. Int J Pixe. (2012); 22: 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083512400323
  • [19] How and Why to Drink Bentonite Clay (anti-radiation, detox, gut & more). Retrieved April 1 2021 from https://eatbeautiful.net/how-why-drink-bentonite-clay-radiation- detox/
  • [20] in Opportunities and Approaches for Supplying Molybdenum-99 and Associated Medical Isotopes to Global Markets: Proceedings of a Symposium. 2018: Washington (DC).
  • [21] Kumar A, Mishra MK, Afeefa, Chandrashekar KS, Pai G, Pai V. Development and evaluation of polyherbal lozenges for cold and flu. Indian J Pharm Educ. (2019); 53(2): 159-163. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.53.2s.61
  • [22] Abu Lila AS, Gomaa E, Ghazy FES, Hasan AA. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension by vardenafil-solid dispersion lozenges as a potential alternative drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Tec. (2020); 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101444
  • [23] Modyala D, Aparna C, Srinivas P. Formulation, evaluation and characterization of itraconazole lozenges. Int J Pharm Biol Sci (2014); 9(3): 86-94. https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-09318694
  • [24] Koland M, Charyulu RN, Vijayanarayana K, Prabhu P. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan buccal films of ondansetron hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Investig. (2011); 1(3): 164-171. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-973x.85967
  • [25] Bajelan E, Kamali-Nejad M, Foroutan SM, Albasha H. Formulation and physicochemical evaluation of lozenge tablets containing Salvia officinalis. J Young Pharm. (2014); 6(1): 34-38. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2014.1.6
  • [26] USP30/NF25-The United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary. USA: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention; (2007).
  • [27] Ducrotte P, Dapoigny M, Bonaz B, Siproudhis L. Symptomatic efficacy of beidellitic montmorillonite in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. (2005). 21(4): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02330.x
  • [28] Tanaka S. Accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Stations of TEPCO -Outline & lessons learned-. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B-Physical and Biological Sciences. (2012); 88(9): 471-484.
  • [29] Martinez-Costa JI, Rivera-Utrilla J, Leyva-Ramos R, Sanchez-Polo M, Velo-Gala I. Individual and simultaneous degradation of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by UV and solar radiation in aqueous solution using bentonite and vermiculite as photocatalysts. Appl Clay Sci. (2018); 160: 217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.12.026
  • [30] Biondi E, Branciamore S, Maurel MC, Gallori E. Montmorillonite protection of an UV-irradiated hairpin ribozyme: evolution of the RNA world in a mineral environment. Bmc Evol Biol. (2007); 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-S2-S2
  • [31] Bentonit ile radyasyondan korunma - Chernobyl örneği. Retrieved April 1 2021 from http://www.bentonittedavisi.com/bentonit/bentonit-ile-radyasyondan- korunma-chernobyl-ornegi/
Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 54 - 59, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.37662/jpt.2021.7

Abstract

Project Number

TLP-2019-7066

References

  • [1] Majekodunmi SO. A review on lozenges. Am J Med Sci Med. (2015); 5(2): 99-104. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajmms.20150502.07
  • [2] Choursiya S, Andheriya D. Review on lozenges. J Drug Deliv Ther. (2018); 8(6-A): 124-128.
  • [3] Allen LV. Troches and lozenges. Secundum Artem. (1998); 4(2): 23- 25.
  • [4] Umashankar MS, Dinesh SR, Rini R, Lakshmi KS, Damodharan N. Chewable lozenge formulation - A review. Int Res J Pharm. (2016); 7 (4): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.07432
  • [5] Maheshwari R, Jain V, Ansari R, Mahajan SC, Joshi G. A review on lozenges. Br Med Bull. (2013); 1(1): 35-43.
  • [6] Pothu R, Yamsani MR. Lozenges formulation and evaluation: A review. Int J Res Pharm Res. (2014); 1(5): 290-298.
  • [7] Abdoun AS, Alenizi R. Formulation and evaluation of metronidazole lozenges for oral thrush. J Innov Pharm Biol Sci. (2019); 6(3): 5-10.
  • [8] Thomas GA, Symonds P. Radiation exposure and health effects - Is it time to reassess the real consequences? Clin Oncol-Uk. (2016); 28(4): 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2016.01.007
  • [9] Gesell TF, Prichard HM. The technologically enhanced natural radiation environment. Health Phys. (1975); 28(4): 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-197504000-00006
  • [10] Choi TA, Costes SV, Abergel RJ. Understanding the health impacts and risks of exposure to radiation. In: Ahn J, Carson C, Jensen M, Juraku K, Nagasaki S, Tanaka S, editors. Reflections on the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident Springer, Cham; (2015). p. 259- 281. ISBN:978-3-319-12090-4
  • [11] Hager IZ, Rammah YS, Othman HA, Ibrahim EM, Hassan SF, Sallam FH. Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation. J Theor Appl Phys. (2019); 13(2): 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-019-0332-5
  • [12] Aguzzi C, Cerezo P, Viseras C, Caramella C. Use of clays as drug delivery systems: Possibilities and limitations. Appl Clay Sci. (2007); 36(1-3): 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2006.06.015
  • [13] del Hoyo C, Vicente MA, Rives V. Preparation of drug- montmorillonite UV-radiation protection compounds by gas-solid adsorption. Clay Miner. (2001); 36(4): 541-546. https://doi.org/10.1180/0009855013640007
  • [14] Bentonite, Kaolin, and Selected Clay Minerals Switzerland World Health Organization (2005).
  • [15] Moosavi M. Bentonite Clay as a natural remedy: A brief review. Iran J Public Health. (2017); 46(9): 1176-1183.
  • [16] Correcher V, Gomez-Ros JM, Garcia-Guinea J, Martin PL, Delgado A. Thermal stability of the thermoluminescence trap structure of bentonite. Radiat Prot Dosim. (2006); 119(1-4): 176-179. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nci613
  • [17] Sellin P, Leupin OX. The use of clay as an engineered barrier in radioactive-waste management - A review. Clays Clay Miner. (2013); 61(6): 477-498. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2013.0610601
  • [18] Ishii K, Terakawa A, Matsuyama S, Hasegawa A, Nagakubo K, Sakurada T, Kikuchi Y, Fujiwara M, Yamazaki H, Yuhki H, Kim S, Satoh I. Measures against radioactive contamination due to fukushima first nuclear power plant accidents Part III: Removing and decontamination of contaminated soil. Int J Pixe. (2012); 22: 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083512400323
  • [19] How and Why to Drink Bentonite Clay (anti-radiation, detox, gut & more). Retrieved April 1 2021 from https://eatbeautiful.net/how-why-drink-bentonite-clay-radiation- detox/
  • [20] in Opportunities and Approaches for Supplying Molybdenum-99 and Associated Medical Isotopes to Global Markets: Proceedings of a Symposium. 2018: Washington (DC).
  • [21] Kumar A, Mishra MK, Afeefa, Chandrashekar KS, Pai G, Pai V. Development and evaluation of polyherbal lozenges for cold and flu. Indian J Pharm Educ. (2019); 53(2): 159-163. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.53.2s.61
  • [22] Abu Lila AS, Gomaa E, Ghazy FES, Hasan AA. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension by vardenafil-solid dispersion lozenges as a potential alternative drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Tec. (2020); 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101444
  • [23] Modyala D, Aparna C, Srinivas P. Formulation, evaluation and characterization of itraconazole lozenges. Int J Pharm Biol Sci (2014); 9(3): 86-94. https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-09318694
  • [24] Koland M, Charyulu RN, Vijayanarayana K, Prabhu P. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan buccal films of ondansetron hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Investig. (2011); 1(3): 164-171. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-973x.85967
  • [25] Bajelan E, Kamali-Nejad M, Foroutan SM, Albasha H. Formulation and physicochemical evaluation of lozenge tablets containing Salvia officinalis. J Young Pharm. (2014); 6(1): 34-38. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2014.1.6
  • [26] USP30/NF25-The United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary. USA: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention; (2007).
  • [27] Ducrotte P, Dapoigny M, Bonaz B, Siproudhis L. Symptomatic efficacy of beidellitic montmorillonite in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. (2005). 21(4): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02330.x
  • [28] Tanaka S. Accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Stations of TEPCO -Outline & lessons learned-. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B-Physical and Biological Sciences. (2012); 88(9): 471-484.
  • [29] Martinez-Costa JI, Rivera-Utrilla J, Leyva-Ramos R, Sanchez-Polo M, Velo-Gala I. Individual and simultaneous degradation of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by UV and solar radiation in aqueous solution using bentonite and vermiculite as photocatalysts. Appl Clay Sci. (2018); 160: 217-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.12.026
  • [30] Biondi E, Branciamore S, Maurel MC, Gallori E. Montmorillonite protection of an UV-irradiated hairpin ribozyme: evolution of the RNA world in a mineral environment. Bmc Evol Biol. (2007); 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-S2-S2
  • [31] Bentonit ile radyasyondan korunma - Chernobyl örneği. Retrieved April 1 2021 from http://www.bentonittedavisi.com/bentonit/bentonit-ile-radyasyondan- korunma-chernobyl-ornegi/
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Rukiye Sevinç Özakar 0000-0002-2972-8084

Medya Kara This is me

Adem Maman 0000-0002-7742-1028

Project Number TLP-2019-7066
Publication Date December 1, 2020
Submission Date September 22, 2020
Acceptance Date January 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sevinç Özakar, R., Kara, M., & Maman, A. (2020). Preparation, characterization, and radiation absorption study of bentonite clay included soft chewable lozenge formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, 1(3), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.37662/jpt.2021.7

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