j. res. pharm. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2630-6344 Marmara University 10.12991/jrespharm.1644543 Medical Pharmacology Tıbbi Farmakoloji Protective effect of an aqueous extract of Hedera helix (English ivy) on indomethacin-induced ulceration in mice Hamood Hebah Majed Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University F. Al-qrimli Aya Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University Noori Hadeel Yousif Medicolegal Directorate, Ministry of Health and Environment, 03 03 2025 29 1 378 383 12 14 2023 03 06 2024 Copyright © 2010, Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2010 Journal of Research in Pharmacy

The most common cause of stomach ulcer illness affecting people globally is the long-term usage of antiinflammatory medicines. Synthetic antiulcer treatments like antacids, cytoprotective drugs, and antibiotics have negative effects like ulcer recurrence and poor healing, imposing financial strain on patients and public health systems. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for non-toxic, easily accessible antiulcer medication. The current study sought to assess the gastroprotective properties of Hedera helix (English ivy) extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in mice. Forty male mice weighing between 25 and 30 grams were split up into four groups, each with ten mice. One group served as a control, and the other three received oral doses to produce various types of stomach ulcers, and treatments were applied. The stomach contents were collected for analysis. The acid output and ulcer content were determined. Compared to the indomethacin-induced ulcer group, the Hedera helix extract significantly (p

 Peptic ulcer Indomethacin English ivy Hedera helix [1] Martins JLR, Silva DM, Gomes EH, Fava SA, Carvalho MF, Macedo IYL, Gil ES, Ghedini PC, Rocha FF, Silva ON, Fajemiroye JO, Pinto EMH, Costa EA. Evaluation of gastroprotective activity of linoleic acid on gastric ulcer in a mice model. Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(8):655-660. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200908144053 [2] Aslam B, Awan T, Javed I, Khaliq T., Khan JA, Raza A. Gastroprotective and antioxidant potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in albino mice. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015; 4(2):451-460. [3] Kavitt RT, Lipowska AM, Anyane-Yeboa A, Gralnek IM. Diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Am J Med. 2019;132(4):447-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.12.009 [4] Lanas A, Chan FKL. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet. 2017;390(10094):613-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140 6736(16)32404-7 [5] Byrne BE, Bassett M, Rogers CA, Anderson ID, Beckingham I, Blazeby JM; Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons for the National Emergency Laparotomy Project Team. Short-term outcomes after emergency surgery for complicated peptic ulcer disease from the UK National Emergency Laparotomy Audit: A cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(8):e023721. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023721 rats: [6] Sabiu S, Garuba T, Sunmonu T, Ajani E, Sulyman A, Nurain I, Balogun A. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in Protective roles of Spondias mombin and Ficus exasperata. Toxicol Rep. 2015;2:261-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.002 [7] Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules. 2016;21(5):559. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules21050559 [8] Scott SE, Rozin P, Small DA. Consumers prefer “natural” more for preventatives than for curatives. J Consumer Res. 2020; 47(3):454-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaa034 [9] Sulborska A, Weryszko-Chmielewska E, Kamińska M. Localisation of bioactive compounds in the leaves of Hedera helix L.(Araliaceae): a medical and cosmetic plant. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus. 2022; 21(4):31-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.4.4 [10] Sierocinski E, Holzinger F, Chenot JF. Ivy leaf (Hedera helix) for acute upper respiratory tract infections: An updated systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;77(8):1113-1122. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00228-021-03090-4 [11] Lacatusu I, Badea N, Badea G, Brasoveanu L, Stan R, Ott C, Oprea O, Meghea A. Ivy leaf extract based–lipid nanocarriers and their bioefficacy on antioxidant and antitumor activities. RSC Adv. 2016;6(81):77243-77255. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA12016D [12] Schulte-Michels J, Keksel C, Häberlein H, Franken S. Anti-inflammatory effects of ivy leaves dry extract: Influence on transcriptional activity of NFκB. Inflammopharmacol. 2019;27(2):339-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018 0494-9 [13] Dehghan M, Saffari M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Ahmadi A, Lorigooini Z. Comparison of the effect of topical Hedera helix L. extract gel to diclofenac gel in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. J Herbal Med. 2020; 22:100350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100350 [14] Mulkijanyan K, Novikova Zh, Sulakvelidze M, Getia M, Mshvildadze V, Dekanosidze G. Ivy water extracts as gastric ulcer preventive agents. Georgian Med News. 2013;(224):63-6. [15] Al-Snafi AE. Pharmacological and therapeutic activities of Hedera helix:A review. IOSR J Pharm. 2018;8(5):41-53. [16] Al-Snafi AE. Arabian medicinal plants possessed gastroprotective effects-based review (Part 1). IOSR J Pharm. 2018;8(7):77-95. [17] Inas ZA, Abdallah-Hala AH, Khattab H, Gehan HH. Gas-troprotective effect of Cordia myxa L. fruit extract against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats. Life Sci J. 2011; 8(3):433–445. [18] Ajani EO, Sabiu S, Bamisaye FA, Adenigba BV, Awom-oyi DD, Adeyanju MM. Hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Langenaria breviflora (bitter gourd) on indomethacin-ulcerated rats. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci. 2014; 9(5): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-09516168 [19] Halici Z, Polat B, Cadirci E, Topcu A, Karakus E, Kose D, Albayrak A, Bayir Y. Inhibiting renin angiotensin system in rate limiting step by aliskiren as a new approach for preventing indomethacin induced gastric ulcers. Chem Biol Interact. 2016;258:266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2016.09.011 [20] Muhammed AVK, ThamotharanG, SengottuveluS, Haja-SheriefS, SivakumarT. Evaluation of antiulcer activity of Ficus pumila L. leafextract in albino rats. Glob J Res Med Plants Indig Med.2012; 1(8):340–351. [21] Abourehab MA, Khaled KA, Sarhan HA, Ahmed OA. Evaluation of combined famotidine with quercetin for the treatment of peptic ulcer: in vivo animal study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2159-2169. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FDDDT.S81109 [22] Yu M, Liu J, Li L, Xu H, Xing Y, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Pharmacokinetic parameters of three active ingredients hederacoside C, hederacoside D, and ɑ-hederin in Hedera helix in rats. J Sep Sci. 2016;39(17):3292-301. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201600523 [23] Shokry AA, El-Shiekh RA, Kamel G, Bakr AF, Sabry D, Ramadan A. Anti-arthritic activity of the flavonoids fraction of ivy leaves (Hedera helix L.) standardized extract in adjuvant induced arthritis model in rats in relation to its metabolite profile using LC/MS. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;145:112456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112456 [24] Moshaie-Nezhad P, Faed Maleki F, Hosseini SM, Yahyapour M, Iman M, Khamesipour A. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Hedera helix extract on acetaminophen induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in mice. Biotech Histochem. 2019;94(5):313-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2019.1566569 [25] Roşca-Casian O, Mircea C, Vlase L, Gheldiu AM, Teuca DT, Pârvu M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity helix leaf ethanolic extract. Acta Biol Hung. 2017;68(2):196-207. https://doi.org/10.1556/018.68.2017.2.7 [26] Eguale T, Tilahun G, Debella A, Feleke A, Makonnen E. Haemonchus contortus: In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hedera helix. Exp Parasitol. 2007;116(4):340-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2007.01.019 [27] Albayrak A, Alp HH, Suleyman H. Investigation of antiulcer and antioxidant activity of moclobemide in rats. Eurasian J Med. 2015;47(1):32-40. https://doi.org/10.5152%2Feajm.2014.0034 [28] Maity S, Vedasiromoni JR, Ganguly DK. Anti-ulcer effect of the hot water extract of black tea (Camellia sinensis). J Ethnopharmacol. 1995;46(3):167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01245-9 [29] Szabo S, Hollander D. Pathways of gastrointestinal protection and repair: mechanisms of action of sucralfate. Am J Med. 1989;86(6A):23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(89)90153-8 [30] Bhattacharyya D, Pandit S, Mukherjee R, Das N, Sur TK. Hepatoprotective effect of Himoliv, a polyherbal formulation in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2003;47(4):435-440.