j. res. pharm. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2630-6344 Marmara University Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other) Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer) Activity and potential of Phyllantus niruri L. and Phyllantus urinaria L. as Hepatitis B virus inhibitors: A narrative review of the SANRA protocol Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha Department of Biology, Faculty of Information, Technology and Science, Universitas Hindu Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6060-9190 Utomo Budi Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-2967 Fauziyah Shifa Delima Husada Gresik Health Analyst Academy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1883-2780 Eljatin Dwinka Syafira Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-9226 Setyawan Muhamad Frendy Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-8369 Sumah Lesty Helda Marsel Master Program of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8976-9873 Al Karina Citra Master Program of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga 06 28 2025 28 1 335 350 03 01 2023 06 26 2023 Copyright © 2010, Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2010 Journal of Research in Pharmacy

Terna plants are used by Indonesians as raw materials for herbal and traditional medicine, including Phyllantus niruri L. and Phyllantus urinaria L. Therefore, this study aimed to explore, analyze and compile the activities and potential of Phyllantus niruri L. and Phyllantus urinaria L. as agents of hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitors using a narrative review approach. It was conducted based on the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) by establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study selected and reviewed 15 out of 38 articles. The Phyllantus genus is a group of seasonal herbs containing bioactive compounds and activity as HBV Inhibitors. In this study, 23 compounds were identified in the two species, including Nirtetralin, Phyllanthin, Niranthin, Hinokinin, Ellagic acid, Ethanol, Phyllanthosterol, Ethyl brevifolincarboxylate, Tenofovir, Quercetin, Quercitrin, Astragalin, Repanducinic acid, Corilagin, Gallic acid, Aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Catechin, D-glucopyranoside, Ethyl gallate, Protocatequatic acid, Chebulanin, Albibrissinoside B, and (-)-Epicatechin. Meanwhile, the activity in inhibiting cells infected with HBV was reported in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico. The mechanism of bioactive compounds as HBV inhibitors focuses on suppression, blocking, and inhibiting the synthesis, secretion, and expression of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HbeAg in test media. The results showed that Meniran red and green bioactive compounds have the potential to be developed as raw materials as herbal medicine with promising prospects as commercial drug candidates.

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