Сhromone derivatives are characterized by an extensive spectrum of pharmacological activity and can be potentially effective neuroprotective agents. In this regard, this study evaluated the effect of eighteen new derivatives of 3-formylchromone on the change in the actinicity of mitochondrial complex III in ischemic and intact animals as a promising direction of neurotective therapy. The dependence of the level of pharmacological effect on changes in the quantum-chemical parameters (Mulliken Charge, Bond number, Theoretical valence, Unsaturated index, Electron density, Free valence index) of the molecules was also evaluated. The structure of the substances was confirmed by IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by determining the melting point. The study made it possible to establish that, among the 3-substituted chromone derivatives, the most pronounced neuroprotective activity is possessed by compounds that do not contain halogen atoms in their structure. The leader compound can be considered 3 - [(E) -3- (3,5-di-tret-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl) -3-oxo-prop-1-enyl] -6-methoxy-chromen-4-one, the use of which increased the activity of mitochondrial complex III by 85.2% (p