Research Article
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Beden, Zihin ve Toplum: Egzersiz Katılımcılarında Bedeni Beğenme, Sosyal Bağlılık ve Mutluluk İlişkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 272 - 277, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1507095

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, egzersiz katılımcılarının bedeni beğenme, sosyal bağlılık ve mutluluk düzeylerini bazı değişkenlere göre incelemek ve bu üç değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmektir. Araştırma grubu, ölçüt örneklem metodu kullanılarak ve gönüllülük esasına göre seçilen toplam 481 katılımcıdan oluşmuştur. Katılımcılar 18 ila 65 yaşları arasında ve en az 3 ay boyunca haftada en az 2 gün düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmaktadır. Araştırmada “Bedeni Beğenme Ölçeği (BBÖ; Anlı ve diğ, 2015)”, “Sosyal Bağlılık Ölçeği (SBÖ; Duru, 2007) ve “Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (OMÖ-KS; Doğan ve Çötok, 2011)” veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için betimsel istatistikler, MANOVA, t-test ve regresyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyete göre yapılan t-test sonuçlarına göre, “BBÖ”, “SBÖ” ve “OMÖ-KS” de ortalama puanlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. MANOVA sonuçlarına göre ise “BBÖ”, “SBÖ” ve “OMÖ-KS” de yaş ve haftalık egzersiz süresi değişkenlerinin temel etkisinin anlamlı olduğu rapor edilmiştir. T-test sonuçlarına göre, çalışma durumu değişkeninin tüm ölçeklerde ortalama puanlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Regresyon analizlerine göre, bedeni beğenmenin, sosyal bağlılığı ve mutluluğu yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bedeni beğenme algısının mutluluğu ve sosyal bağlantıları teşvik etmede önemli bir duygu durumu olduğu söylenebilmektedir.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

1919B012215877

References

  • Alleva, J. M., Tylka, T. L., van Oorsouw, K., Montanaro, E., Perey, I., Bolle, C., ... & Webb, J. B. (2020). The effects of yoga on functionality appreciation and additional facets of positive body image. Body Image, 34, 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.06.003
  • Anlı, G., Akın, A., Eker, H., & Özçelik, B. (2015). Bedeni beğenme ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. International Journal of Social Science, 36, 505-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS2906
  • Bal, P. N., & Gülcan, A. (2014). Genç yetişkinlerde iyimserliğin mutluluk ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 2(1), 41-52. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aji/issue/1538/18847
  • Başar, S., Sarı, İ. (2018). Düzenli egzersizin depresyon, mutluluk ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerine etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 25-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inubesyo/issue/42725/442445
  • Calogero, R. M., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Gender and body image. In Handbook of gender research in psychology (pp. 153-184). Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1467-5_8
  • Can, M., & Cantez, E. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin mutluluk, psikolojik sağlamlık ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Aydın İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi, 4(2), 61-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aitdergi/issue/43705/536156
  • Chen, L. J., & Chung, S. K. (2007). Loneliness, social connectedness, and family income among undergraduate females and males in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(10), 1353-1364. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1353
  • Croll J. (2005). Body image & adolescents. In: Stang J, Story M, editors. Guidelines for adolescent nutrition services. Minneapolis: Center for Leadership, Education and Training in Maternal and Child Nutrition, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota; p. 155–66.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1999-10106-007
  • Doğan, T., & Çötok, N. A. (2011). Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik dergisi, 4(36), 165-172. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tpdrd/issue/21456/229762
  • Duru, E. (2007). Sosyal bağlılık ölçeği'nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, (26), 85-94.
  • Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International journal of management reviews, 12(4), 384-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gondim, O. S., Camargo, V. T. N. D., Gutierrez, F. A., Martins, P. F. D. O., Passos, M. E. P., Momesso, C. M., ... & Cury-Boaventura, M. F. (2015). Benefits of regular exercise on inflammatory and cardiovascular risk markers in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. PloS one, 10(10), e0140596. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140596
  • Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and individual differences, 33(7), 1073-1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00213-6
  • Hwang, E. H., & Chung, Y. S. (2008). Effects of the exercise self-efficacy and exercise benefits/barriers on doing regular exercise of the elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 38(3), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.3.428
  • Hyoyeon, A., & Dongjun, J. (2022). Relationship between self-consciousness and social physique anxiety among women participating in exercise: Moderating role of exercise commitment. The Korean Society of Sports Science, 31(5), 345-359.
  • Kara, F. M., Gürbüz, B., Kılıç, S. K., & Öncü, E. (2018). Beden eğitimi öğretmeni adaylarının serbest zaman sıkılma algısı, yaşam doyumu ve sosyal bağlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 6(12), 342-357. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.466740
  • Karasaç, A., & Becerikli, S. (2019). Gelenekselin Yeniden Üretimi: postmodern zamanın bütünsel sağlık yaklaşımı. Kurgu, 27(3), 1-16. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kurgu/issue/54874/751486
  • Koydemir, S., & Mısır, S. (2015). Benlik kurguları ve mutluluk: Deneysel bir hazırlama çalışması. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 5(44), 49-60. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tpdrd/issue/42746/515946
  • Layous, K. T. I. N., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The how, why, what, when, and who of happiness. Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides, 473-495.
  • Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and the social assurance scales. Journal of counseling psychology, 42(2), 232. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1995-23687-001
  • Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1998). The relationship between social connectedness and anxiety, self-esteem, and social identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 338–345. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1998-04269-011
  • Lee, R. M., Draper, M., & Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of counseling psychology, 48(3), 310. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2001-07409-008
  • Liechty, J. M., Clarke, S., Birky, J. P., Harrison, K., & Team, S. K. (2016). Perceptions of early body image socialization in families: Exploring knowledge, beliefs, and strategies among mothers of preschoolers. Body Image, 19, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.010
  • Linardon, J., McClure, Z., Tylka, T. L., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2022). Body appreciation and its psychological correlates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image, 42, 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.003
  • Mandal, E. (2014). Sport activity and body image of men and women. Physical activity in science and practice. Prague: Charles University.
  • Pepitone, A. (1976). Toward a normative and comparative biocultural social psychology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(4), 641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.4.641
  • Swami, V., Stieger, S., Haubner, T., & Voracek, M. (2008). German translation and psychometric evaluation of the Body Appreciation Scale. Body Image, 5, 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.10.002
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using multivarite statistics, MA: Allyn ve Bacon.
  • Tapşın, F. O., Karagün, E., & Selvi, S. (2023). Serbest zamanlarında spor merkezlerine devam eden bireylerin hedefe bağlılık, mental iyi oluş ve bedeni beğenme durumlarının incelenmesi. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1355466
  • Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body image, 12, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006
  • Vankerckhoven, L., Raemen, L., Claes, L., Eggermont, S., Palmeroni, N., & Luyckx, K. (2023). Identity formation, body image, and body-related symptoms: Developmental trajectories and associations throughout adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52(3), 651-669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01717-y
  • Wainwright, N., & Surtees, P. (2002). Childhood adversity, gender, and depression over the life-course. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00420-7
  • Zhang, Z., & Chen, W. (2019). A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(4), 1305-1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0

Body, Mind and Community: Relationship Between Body Appreciation, Social Connectedness, and Happiness in Exercise Participants

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 272 - 277, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1507095

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine exercise participants' body appreciate, social connectedness and happiness levels according to some variables and to test the relationship between these three variables. The research group consisted of a total of 481 participants, selected on a voluntary basis and using criterion sampling. The participants were aged between 18 and 65 years and exercised regularly at least 2 days a week for at least 3 months. In the study, "Body Appreciate Scale (BAS; Anlı et al., 2015)", "Social Connectedness Scale (SCS; Duru, 2007) and "Oxford Happiness Scale-Short Form (OHS-SF; Doğan & Çötok, 2011)" were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, MANOVA, t-test and regression tests were used to analyse the data. According to the results of the t-test conducted according to gender, no statistically significant difference was found in the mean scores of "BAS, "SCS" and "OHS-SF". According to the results of MANOVA, it was reported that the main effect of age and weekly exercise frequency variables were statistically significant in "BAS", "SCS" and "OHS-SS". According to the t-test results, it was found that the working status variable was statistically significant in mean scores in all scales. According to regression analyses, body appreciation predicted social connectedness and happiness. As a result, it can be said that perception of body appreciation is an important emotional state in promoting happiness and social connectedness.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

1919B012215877

References

  • Alleva, J. M., Tylka, T. L., van Oorsouw, K., Montanaro, E., Perey, I., Bolle, C., ... & Webb, J. B. (2020). The effects of yoga on functionality appreciation and additional facets of positive body image. Body Image, 34, 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.06.003
  • Anlı, G., Akın, A., Eker, H., & Özçelik, B. (2015). Bedeni beğenme ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. International Journal of Social Science, 36, 505-511. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS2906
  • Bal, P. N., & Gülcan, A. (2014). Genç yetişkinlerde iyimserliğin mutluluk ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 2(1), 41-52. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aji/issue/1538/18847
  • Başar, S., Sarı, İ. (2018). Düzenli egzersizin depresyon, mutluluk ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerine etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 25-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/inubesyo/issue/42725/442445
  • Calogero, R. M., & Thompson, J. K. (2010). Gender and body image. In Handbook of gender research in psychology (pp. 153-184). Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1467-5_8
  • Can, M., & Cantez, E. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin mutluluk, psikolojik sağlamlık ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Aydın İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi, 4(2), 61-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/aitdergi/issue/43705/536156
  • Chen, L. J., & Chung, S. K. (2007). Loneliness, social connectedness, and family income among undergraduate females and males in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(10), 1353-1364. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1353
  • Croll J. (2005). Body image & adolescents. In: Stang J, Story M, editors. Guidelines for adolescent nutrition services. Minneapolis: Center for Leadership, Education and Training in Maternal and Child Nutrition, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota; p. 155–66.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1999-10106-007
  • Doğan, T., & Çötok, N. A. (2011). Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik dergisi, 4(36), 165-172. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tpdrd/issue/21456/229762
  • Duru, E. (2007). Sosyal bağlılık ölçeği'nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, (26), 85-94.
  • Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International journal of management reviews, 12(4), 384-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Gondim, O. S., Camargo, V. T. N. D., Gutierrez, F. A., Martins, P. F. D. O., Passos, M. E. P., Momesso, C. M., ... & Cury-Boaventura, M. F. (2015). Benefits of regular exercise on inflammatory and cardiovascular risk markers in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. PloS one, 10(10), e0140596. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140596
  • Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and individual differences, 33(7), 1073-1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00213-6
  • Hwang, E. H., & Chung, Y. S. (2008). Effects of the exercise self-efficacy and exercise benefits/barriers on doing regular exercise of the elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 38(3), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.3.428
  • Hyoyeon, A., & Dongjun, J. (2022). Relationship between self-consciousness and social physique anxiety among women participating in exercise: Moderating role of exercise commitment. The Korean Society of Sports Science, 31(5), 345-359.
  • Kara, F. M., Gürbüz, B., Kılıç, S. K., & Öncü, E. (2018). Beden eğitimi öğretmeni adaylarının serbest zaman sıkılma algısı, yaşam doyumu ve sosyal bağlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 6(12), 342-357. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.466740
  • Karasaç, A., & Becerikli, S. (2019). Gelenekselin Yeniden Üretimi: postmodern zamanın bütünsel sağlık yaklaşımı. Kurgu, 27(3), 1-16. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kurgu/issue/54874/751486
  • Koydemir, S., & Mısır, S. (2015). Benlik kurguları ve mutluluk: Deneysel bir hazırlama çalışması. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 5(44), 49-60. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tpdrd/issue/42746/515946
  • Layous, K. T. I. N., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). The how, why, what, when, and who of happiness. Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides, 473-495.
  • Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness and the social assurance scales. Journal of counseling psychology, 42(2), 232. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1995-23687-001
  • Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1998). The relationship between social connectedness and anxiety, self-esteem, and social identity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 338–345. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1998-04269-011
  • Lee, R. M., Draper, M., & Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of counseling psychology, 48(3), 310. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2001-07409-008
  • Liechty, J. M., Clarke, S., Birky, J. P., Harrison, K., & Team, S. K. (2016). Perceptions of early body image socialization in families: Exploring knowledge, beliefs, and strategies among mothers of preschoolers. Body Image, 19, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.010
  • Linardon, J., McClure, Z., Tylka, T. L., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2022). Body appreciation and its psychological correlates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image, 42, 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.003
  • Mandal, E. (2014). Sport activity and body image of men and women. Physical activity in science and practice. Prague: Charles University.
  • Pepitone, A. (1976). Toward a normative and comparative biocultural social psychology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(4), 641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.4.641
  • Swami, V., Stieger, S., Haubner, T., & Voracek, M. (2008). German translation and psychometric evaluation of the Body Appreciation Scale. Body Image, 5, 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.10.002
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using multivarite statistics, MA: Allyn ve Bacon.
  • Tapşın, F. O., Karagün, E., & Selvi, S. (2023). Serbest zamanlarında spor merkezlerine devam eden bireylerin hedefe bağlılık, mental iyi oluş ve bedeni beğenme durumlarının incelenmesi. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1355466
  • Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body image, 12, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006
  • Vankerckhoven, L., Raemen, L., Claes, L., Eggermont, S., Palmeroni, N., & Luyckx, K. (2023). Identity formation, body image, and body-related symptoms: Developmental trajectories and associations throughout adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52(3), 651-669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01717-y
  • Wainwright, N., & Surtees, P. (2002). Childhood adversity, gender, and depression over the life-course. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00420-7
  • Zhang, Z., & Chen, W. (2019). A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(4), 1305-1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology, Sports and Recreation
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Feyza Meryem Kara 0000-0001-9886-4947

Rabia Dumay This is me 0009-0005-3139-8108

Sümeyye Topçuoğlu This is me 0009-0004-2002-244X

Serpil Evlice This is me 0009-0007-3180-8634

Project Number 1919B012215877
Early Pub Date August 14, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date June 29, 2024
Acceptance Date August 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kara, F. M., Dumay, R., Topçuoğlu, S., Evlice, S. (2024). Beden, Zihin ve Toplum: Egzersiz Katılımcılarında Bedeni Beğenme, Sosyal Bağlılık ve Mutluluk İlişkisi. Herkes için Spor Ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 6(3), 272-277. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1507095

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Articles published by Journal for All Sports and Recreation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License.