Reform süreciyle başlayan ve Aydınlanma dönemiyle devam eden bir durum olarak modernite, Avrupa toplumlarında yeni bir zemin inşa etmiş; kültürel, ekonomik ve sosyal değişimlerin yaşanmasıyla modern Avrupa kimliği netlik kazanmıştır. Ancak söz konusu değişimler, Batı ile sınırlı kalmamış, Doğu toplumlarına da –bilhassa da İslam toplumlarına- sorunlu bir şekilde aksetmiştir. Modernleşme olarak adlandırılan bu değişimin öncesi, geleneksel kurumlardır ve bu kurumlar geride kalmıştır. Değişimin sonrası ise modern olacak, geleceği modern ve yeni süreçler yönlendirecektir. Bu anlamda gelenek ve din ayrılmaz bir bütün oluşturduklarından, modern değişimlerin odağındaki din ve dini kurumlar da şüphesiz problemli süreçlerden geçmektedir. Modern kamusal alanın parametreleri olan rasyonel akıl, bireyselleşme ve sekülerizm ile beraber dini yaşayış ve uygulamalar, özel alana çekilerek hususi bir yapıda gerçekleşmektedir. Batı toplumları, bu sorunları her ne kadar kendi değerleriyle ve toplumsal mutabakatla zahiren çözüme kavuştursa da; İslam toplumlarındaki manzara, sorunların Batı kaynaklı olduğunu ve bu nedenle çözümün de bir o kadar zorlaştığını göstermesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Kronik bir boyuta ulaşan söz konusu sorunların İslam toplumlarında kimlik karmaşası, yabancılaşma ve çözülmeyi de beraberinde getirdiği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, işaret edilen sorunlu değişimlerin yaşandığı kamusal alan ve siyaset özelinde, dinin modern dünyada İslam toplumlarındaki yerini Avrupa deneyimlerini de göz önüne alarak tartışmaya sunmaktır
As a situation that began with the reform process and continued with the Enlightenment, modernity has built a newground in European societies; the identity of modern Europe has become clear with the cultural, economic and social changes. However, these changings haven’t been limited only to the West and have also posed a problem to Islamic societies – especially İslamic Societies-. Before this change, called modernization, is the traditional institutions and these institutions are fall behind. After the change, it will be modern; modern and new processes will guide the future. In this sense, religion and religious institutions, which are the focus of modern changes, are undoubtedly undergoing problematic processes, as tradition and religion form an inseparable whole. With the rational mind, individuality and secularism, which are the parameters of modern public sphere; religious life and practices are carried out in a private structure by pulling to the private sphere. Although the Western societies have solved these problems in appearance with their own values and social consensus, the scenery in Islamic societies is important in showing that the problems are from the West and therefore that the solution is so difficult. It is thought that these problems, which have reached a chronic dimension, bring identity complexity, alienation and dissolution with them in Islamic societies. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the position of religion in Islamic societies in the modern world, considering the European experiences in terms of public sphere and politics
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 1, 2018 |
Published in Issue | Year 2018 Issue: 2 |
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