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Hassasiyet Modellemesi Yaklaşımı ile Yeni Bir Düzeltme Yöntemi

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 51 - 69, 01.03.2013

Abstract

Sosyal güvenlik kuruluşları, emeklilik ve sigorta şirketlerinin sigorta ürünlerinin fiyatlandırılmasında prim ve rezervlerin belirlenmesinde hayat tabloları önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ölümlülük verisi kullanılarak hesaplanan kaba ölüm hızlarında rastgele dalgalanmalar görülmektedir. Bu rastgele dalgalanmaların düzeltilmesi, aktüerler ve demograflar açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ölüm oranlarındaki dalgalanmaların modellenmesinde düzeltme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan düzeltme yöntemlerinde popülasyonu oluşturan bireylerin aynı risk faktörlerine (yaş ve cinsiyet gibi) maruz kaldığı varsayılmaktadır. Fakat bireylerin ölümlülüğünü etkileyen başka risk faktörleri de söz konusudur. Bu risk faktörlerinin etkisini dikkate alan modellere hassasiyet modelleri adı verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, populasyondaki heterojenliği dikkate alan hassasiyet modeli yaklaşımı kullanılarak yeni bir düzeltme yaklaşımı oluşturulmuştur. Bu yaklaşım, Türkiye sigortalı kadın ve erkek ölüm verisine uygulanmış ve bulunan sonuçlar, kaba ölüm hızlarının düzeltilmesinde heterojenliğin dikkate alınması gerektiğini göstermiştir.

References

  • Aim S., Fulla S., Laurent J.P., 2005, Mortality Fluctuations Modelling With A Shared Frailty Approach, Paris Actuarial Congree, France.
  • Butt Z., Haberman S., 2002, Application Of Frailty-Based Mortality Models To Insurance Data, Actuarial Research Paper No. 142, Department of Actuarial Science & Statistics , City University, London.
  • Butt Z., Haberman S., 2004, Application of Frailty-Based Mortality Models Using Generalized Linear Models, ASTIN Bulletin, Vol 34, Issue 1, 175-197.
  • Congdon P., 1993, Statistical Graduation In Local Demographic Analysis And Projection, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, Vol. 156, 237-270.
  • Congdon P., 1994, Analyzing Mortality In London: Life Tables With Frailty, The Statistician, Vol. 43, 277-30
  • Congdon P., 1995, Modelling Frailty In Area Mortality, Statistics in Medicine, Vol 14, 1859-1874.
  • Duchateau L., Janssen P., 2008, The Frailty Model, Statistics for Biology and Health Series , Springer. Haberman S., Renshaw A.E., 1996, Generalized Linear Models And Actuarial Science, The Statistician, Vol 45, No:4, 407-436.
  • Heligman L., Pollard J.H., 1980, The Age Pattern Of Mortality, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol 107, 49–80.
  • Karim M.E., 2008, Frailty Models, Institute of statistical research and training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Kul F., Sucu M., 2011, Gözlemlenemeyen Risk Faktörlerinin Ölümlülük Üzerindeki Etkisi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Makeham W.M.,1867, On the law of mortality, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol 8, 301–310. Neill A.,1983, Life Contingencies, William Heinemann, London.
  • Olivieri A., 2006, Heterogeneity in survival models : Application to pensions and life annuities, University of Parma, Italy.
  • Perks W., 1932, On some experiments on the graduation of mortality statistics, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol 63, 12-40.
  • Renshaw A.E., 1991, Actuarial graduation practice and generalized linear and non-linear models, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol. 118, 295-312.
  • Su S., Sherris M., 2012, Heterogeneity of Australian Population Mortality and Implications for a Viable Life Annuity Market, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Vol. 51, Issue 2, 322-332.
  • Sigorta Bilgi Merkezi, 2010, Türkiye Hayat ve Hayat Annüite Tablolarının Oluşturulması Projesi, Hazine Müsteşarlığı.
  • Vaupel J.W., Manton K.G., Stallard E., 1979, The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality, Demography, Vol 16, 439-454.
  • Wang S.S., Brown R.L., 1998, A frailty model for projection of human mortality improvement, Journal of Actuarial Practice, Vol. 6, 221-241.

A New Graduation Formula By Frailty Modelling Approach

Year 2013, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 51 - 69, 01.03.2013

Abstract

A New Graduation Formula By Frailty Modelling Approach Life tables play considerable role in the rating and the determination of premium and reserves for social security system, pension and life insurance company insurance products. It is seen that random fluctuations in calculating mortality rates by using mortality data. Graduation of these random fluctuations is very important for actuaries and demographers. For that matter, graduation methods are used for smoothing crude mortality rates. On graduation methods, which are generally used in literature, it is assumed that individuals in a population are under same risk factors (such as age and gender). However, there are another risk factors which effect mortality of individuals. The models which take account of this risk factors are called frailty models. In this paper, a new graduation approach is constructed by frailty modelling approach which takes care of heterogeneity. This approach is applied to Turkish insured female and male mortality data and these results show that heterogeneity is needed to consider on graduation of crude mortality rates.

References

  • Aim S., Fulla S., Laurent J.P., 2005, Mortality Fluctuations Modelling With A Shared Frailty Approach, Paris Actuarial Congree, France.
  • Butt Z., Haberman S., 2002, Application Of Frailty-Based Mortality Models To Insurance Data, Actuarial Research Paper No. 142, Department of Actuarial Science & Statistics , City University, London.
  • Butt Z., Haberman S., 2004, Application of Frailty-Based Mortality Models Using Generalized Linear Models, ASTIN Bulletin, Vol 34, Issue 1, 175-197.
  • Congdon P., 1993, Statistical Graduation In Local Demographic Analysis And Projection, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, Vol. 156, 237-270.
  • Congdon P., 1994, Analyzing Mortality In London: Life Tables With Frailty, The Statistician, Vol. 43, 277-30
  • Congdon P., 1995, Modelling Frailty In Area Mortality, Statistics in Medicine, Vol 14, 1859-1874.
  • Duchateau L., Janssen P., 2008, The Frailty Model, Statistics for Biology and Health Series , Springer. Haberman S., Renshaw A.E., 1996, Generalized Linear Models And Actuarial Science, The Statistician, Vol 45, No:4, 407-436.
  • Heligman L., Pollard J.H., 1980, The Age Pattern Of Mortality, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol 107, 49–80.
  • Karim M.E., 2008, Frailty Models, Institute of statistical research and training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Kul F., Sucu M., 2011, Gözlemlenemeyen Risk Faktörlerinin Ölümlülük Üzerindeki Etkisi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Makeham W.M.,1867, On the law of mortality, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol 8, 301–310. Neill A.,1983, Life Contingencies, William Heinemann, London.
  • Olivieri A., 2006, Heterogeneity in survival models : Application to pensions and life annuities, University of Parma, Italy.
  • Perks W., 1932, On some experiments on the graduation of mortality statistics, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol 63, 12-40.
  • Renshaw A.E., 1991, Actuarial graduation practice and generalized linear and non-linear models, Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, Vol. 118, 295-312.
  • Su S., Sherris M., 2012, Heterogeneity of Australian Population Mortality and Implications for a Viable Life Annuity Market, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Vol. 51, Issue 2, 322-332.
  • Sigorta Bilgi Merkezi, 2010, Türkiye Hayat ve Hayat Annüite Tablolarının Oluşturulması Projesi, Hazine Müsteşarlığı.
  • Vaupel J.W., Manton K.G., Stallard E., 1979, The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality, Demography, Vol 16, 439-454.
  • Wang S.S., Brown R.L., 1998, A frailty model for projection of human mortality improvement, Journal of Actuarial Practice, Vol. 6, 221-241.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Funda Kul

Meral Sucu

Publication Date March 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE F. Kul and M. Sucu, “Hassasiyet Modellemesi Yaklaşımı ile Yeni Bir Düzeltme Yöntemi”, JSSA, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 51–69, 2013.