Ayak Arkus Açısı ve Ayak Uzunluğu Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 172 - 177, 01.12.2018

Bile İpek Torun , Nurdan Çay

Abstract

Amaç: Ayak morfolojisinin ve antropometrisinin ayağın biyomekanik
ölçümleri ile ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Ayak morfolojisine katkıda bulunan
esas ark olan medial longitudinal ark (MLA), ön ayak ve arka ayak arasında
elastik bir bağlantı sağlar. Pes kavus ve pes planus gibi spesifik olarak
MLA'dan kaynaklanan problemler ve dizilim bozuklukları, sonuçta alt ekstremite
kaslarının ve eklemlerinin işlevini etkiler. Biz bu çalışmamızda radyografiler
üzerinden ölçümler yaparak MLA’nın ayak uzunluğuyla olan ilişkisini araştırmayı
amaçladık.

Materyal
ve metot: 18-80 yaş aralığındaki
(erkek:18-75, kadın:18-80) 106 kişiye (70 erkek, 36 kadın) ait 212 adet (106
sağ, 106 sol) basarak çekilmiş lateral ayak grafisi geriye dönük olarak
değerlendirildi. 18 yaşın altında ya da 80 yaşın üstünde olan, ayağında
geçirilmiş travma veya cerrahi bulgusu, yer kaplayan lezyon ya da ayak
kemiklerinde herhangi bir deformite bulunan kişilerin grafileri değerlendirme
dışında bırakıldı. Grafilerde ayağın kemik boyu ve MLA’yı değerlendirmek üzere
kalkaneal eğim açısı ve calcaneus-1. metatars açısı ölçüldü. Ölçümlerden elde
edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Ortalama ayak kemik boyu kadınlarda 237.5 mm (216.5-256.7
mm), erkeklerde 264.1 mm (205.0-293.6 mm) olarak ölçüldü. Ortalama kalkaneal
eğim açısı 18.2^o (2.7^o-31.4^o), calcaneus-1.
metatars açısı 140.2^o (119.5^o-159.8^o) olarak
ölçüldü. Her iki cinste de ayak kemik boyu ve açılar arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı korelasyon bulundu (hem kalkaneal eğim açısı hem calcaneus-1.
metatars açısı için p<0.01). Kalkaneal eğim açısı ve calcaneus-1. metatars
açısı arasında da anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0.01).

Sonuç: Ayak morfolojisiyle ilişkili olan denge, yürüyüş, tek veya
çift ayak üstünde durma, zıplama, çömelme gibi fonksiyonlar üzerinde etkili
olduğu bilinen MLA’nın her iki cinste de ayak uzunluğuyla ilişkili olduğu
bulundu. Bu durum büyük ayağa sahip kişilerde pes planus’a yatkınlığın daha çok
olacağının öngörülmesi sonucunu doğurur.

Keywords

medial longitudinal ark, ayak uzunluğu, arcus pedis

Relationship Between the Angle of the Foot Arch and the Length of the Foot

Abstract

Aim: Foot
morphology and anthropometry are known to be associated with biomechanical
measurements of foot. The medial longitudinal arch (MLA), which is the main arch
contributing to the foot morphology, provides an elastic connection between the
forefoot and hindfoot. Problems and alignment disorders, specifically caused by
MLA, such as pes cavus and pes planus, ultimately affect the functions of the
muscles and joints of the lower extremity. In this study, we aimed to
investigate the relation between MLA and bony-length of foot by making
measurements on radiographs.

Material
and Method: 212 (106 right and 106 left sides) weightbearing
lateral x-ray images of 106 patients (36 females, 70 males) aged between 18-80
(m:18-75, f:18-80) were evaluated. Images of the patients aged under 18 or above
80, with any sign of trauma or surgery,  space-occupying
lesion of foot or deformity of foot bones were excluded. The maximal bony-length
of the foot and in order to evaluate the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) the angle
between the calcaneus and the 1st metatarsal bone and calcaneal inclination
angle were measured on the x-ray images. The results were evaluated
statistically.

Results:
The mean bony-length of the foot was measured as 237.5
mm (216.5-256.7 mm) in females and 264.1 mm (205.0-293.6 mm) in males. The mean
respective calcaneal inclination angle and the angle between the
calcaneus and the 1st metatarsal bone were measured
as 18.2^o (2.7^o-31.4^o) and 140.2^o
(119.5^o-159.8^o). In both gender there was a significant
correlation between the bony-length of foot and angles (p<0.01 for both
angles). There was also found a significant correlation between calcaneal
inclination angle and the angle between the calcaneus and the 1st
metatarsal bone (p<0.01).

Conclusion: MLA,
known to be effective on functions such as balance, walking, standing on one or
two feet, jumping and squatting, which are associated with foot morphology, was
found to be related to foot length in both gender. This results in a prediction
of predisposition to the pes planus in people with large feet.

Keywords

medial longitudinal arch, foot length, foot arch

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