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Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 63 - 67, 01.04.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, acil kliniğine demir intoksikasyonu nedeniyle başvuran hastaların; demografik, klinik değişkenleri, tedavileri ve komplikasyonlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışma retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Üçüncü basamak eğitim hastanesinin acil kliniğinde demir intoksikasyonu tanısı alan ve takip edilen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Verileri eksik olanlar, gebeler, demir dışı ilaçlarla zehirlenen hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastalar demir miktarına göre 2 gruba ayrıldı. P< 0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: 61 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların 45’i (%73.8) kadın olup yaş ortancası 32 (24-37) idi. Hastaların aldıkları elementer demir miktarı ortalama 1000 (710-1950) mg olup ve dördüncü saat demir düzeyleri 246 mg/dl (medyan, IQR 25-75: 119-327) olarak bulundu. Hastaların aldıkları demir miktarları ile kan demir düzeyi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı aynı yönlü korelasyon saptandı (p=0,02). Hastaların laboratuar takiplerinde hemoglobin, platelet ve creatinin değerlerinde azalma, INR değerlerinde artma bulundu (tüm değerler için p<0.05). Toksik ve nontoksik gruplar arasında takip kan parametreleri açısından fark saptanmadı (tüm değerler için p>0.05).
Sonuç: Demir zehirlenmesi acil serviste klinik pratikte görülebilen zehirlenmelerdir. Çalışma bulgularımıza göre hastalarımızın yaklaşık yarısı toksik doz demir almış olsa da büyük bir kısmında zehirlenme şiddetinin hafif olduğu görülmüştür. Hastaların labaratuvar takiplerinde hemoglobin, platelet ve creatinin değerlerinde azalma saptadık ancak klinikte anlamlı olduğunu düşünmüyoruz. Çalışmamızda INR değerlerinde artma saptadık, bu durumun klinik etkilenme olmadan hücresel düzeyde doku etkilenmesini gösterebileceğini düşünüyoruz.

References

  • 1. Günaydın YK, Akıllı NB, Dündar ZD, Köylü R, Sert ET, Çekmen B, Akıncı E, Cander B. Toxicol Rep. 2014;18(2):56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.004. eCollection 2015. Antiepileptic drug poisoning: Three-year experience.
  • 2. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, et al. 2017 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 35th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018;56:1213.
  • 3. Anderson BD, Turchen SG, Manoguerra AS, Clark RF. Retrospective analysis of ingestions of iron containing products in the united states: are there differences between chewable vitamins and adult preparations? J Emerg Med 2000;19:255
  • 4. Proudfoot AT, Simpson D, Dyson EH. Management of Acute Iron Poisoning. Med Toxicol. 1986;1:83-100.
  • 5. Skoczynska A, Kwiecinska D, Kielbinski M, Lukaszewski M. Acute Iron Poisoning in Adult Female. Hum Exp Toxicol2007;26:663-666.
  • 6. Tenenbein M. Hepatotoxicity in Acute Iron Poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001;39:721-726.
  • 7. Baranwal AK, Singhi SC. Acute Iron Poisoning: Management Guidelines. Indian Pediatr2003;40:534-540.
  • 8. Robertson A, Tenenbein M. Hepatotoxicity in acute iron poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol.2005;24:559–562.
  • 9. Morse SB, Hardwick WE Jr, King WD. Fatal iron toxicity in an infant. South Med J 1997;90:1043.
  • 10. Audimoplam VK, Wendon J, Bernal W, Heaton N, O'Grady J, Auzinger G. Iron and Acetaminophen a Fatal Combination? Transpl Int 2011;24:85-88.
  • 11. Skoczynska A1, Kwiecinska D, Kielbinski M, Lukaszewski M. Acute iron poisoning in adult female. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007; 26(8):663-666.
  • 12. Palatnick W, Tenenbein M. Leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, vomiting, and positive X-rays are not indicators of severity of iron overdose in adults. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14:454.
  • 13. Lacouture PG, Wason S, Temple AR, et al. Emergency assessment of severity in iron overdose by clinical and laboratory methods. J Pediatr 1981;99:89.
  • 14. Black J, Zenel JA. Child abuse by intentional iron poisoning presenting as shock and persistent acidosis. Pediatrics 2003;111:197.
  • 15. Tenenbein M, Israels SJ. Early coagulopathy in severe iron poisoning. J Pediatr 1988;113:695.

Evaluation of Patients with Iron Toxicity in Emergency Department

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 63 - 67, 01.04.2021

Abstract

Aim: In this study we aimed to analyze the demographic properties, clinical variables, treatment, complications of patients presenting to emergency department (ED) with iron toxicity.
Material and Method: This is a retrospective study. It enrolled patients presenting to the ED of a tertiary training hospital for treatment of iron toxicity. Patients with missing medical data, pregnancy, and toxicity secondary to non-iron medications were excluded. The patients were divided into 2 groups by the amount of iron. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: 61 patients were enrolled in the study. 73.8% patients were women, and the study population had a median age of 32 (24-37) years. The mean amount of elementary iron intake was 1000 (710-1950) mg, with a fourth-hour iron level being 246 mg/dl (median, IQR 25-76: 119-327). There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of iron intake and blood iron level (p=0.02). Laboratory test monitoring showed a decrease in hemoglobin, platelet, and creatinine levels and an increase in INR level (for all parameters, p<0.05). No significant difference was found between the toxic and non-toxic groups with respect to any of the monitored blood parameters (for all parameters, p>0.05).
Conclusion: Iron toxicitymay be encountered in clinical practice at ED. Althoughour results showed that about half of our patients took a toxic iron dose; the severity of toxicity was mild in a majority of them. We found a decrease in hemoglobin, platelet, and creatinine levels at laboratory but we dont believe that this finding is clinically meaningful. We detected an increase in INR level, which we believe may indicate tissue affection at cellular level without a clinical affection.

References

  • 1. Günaydın YK, Akıllı NB, Dündar ZD, Köylü R, Sert ET, Çekmen B, Akıncı E, Cander B. Toxicol Rep. 2014;18(2):56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.004. eCollection 2015. Antiepileptic drug poisoning: Three-year experience.
  • 2. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, et al. 2017 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 35th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018;56:1213.
  • 3. Anderson BD, Turchen SG, Manoguerra AS, Clark RF. Retrospective analysis of ingestions of iron containing products in the united states: are there differences between chewable vitamins and adult preparations? J Emerg Med 2000;19:255
  • 4. Proudfoot AT, Simpson D, Dyson EH. Management of Acute Iron Poisoning. Med Toxicol. 1986;1:83-100.
  • 5. Skoczynska A, Kwiecinska D, Kielbinski M, Lukaszewski M. Acute Iron Poisoning in Adult Female. Hum Exp Toxicol2007;26:663-666.
  • 6. Tenenbein M. Hepatotoxicity in Acute Iron Poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001;39:721-726.
  • 7. Baranwal AK, Singhi SC. Acute Iron Poisoning: Management Guidelines. Indian Pediatr2003;40:534-540.
  • 8. Robertson A, Tenenbein M. Hepatotoxicity in acute iron poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol.2005;24:559–562.
  • 9. Morse SB, Hardwick WE Jr, King WD. Fatal iron toxicity in an infant. South Med J 1997;90:1043.
  • 10. Audimoplam VK, Wendon J, Bernal W, Heaton N, O'Grady J, Auzinger G. Iron and Acetaminophen a Fatal Combination? Transpl Int 2011;24:85-88.
  • 11. Skoczynska A1, Kwiecinska D, Kielbinski M, Lukaszewski M. Acute iron poisoning in adult female. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007; 26(8):663-666.
  • 12. Palatnick W, Tenenbein M. Leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, vomiting, and positive X-rays are not indicators of severity of iron overdose in adults. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14:454.
  • 13. Lacouture PG, Wason S, Temple AR, et al. Emergency assessment of severity in iron overdose by clinical and laboratory methods. J Pediatr 1981;99:89.
  • 14. Black J, Zenel JA. Child abuse by intentional iron poisoning presenting as shock and persistent acidosis. Pediatrics 2003;111:197.
  • 15. Tenenbein M, Israels SJ. Early coagulopathy in severe iron poisoning. J Pediatr 1988;113:695.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emine Emektar This is me

Özge Öztekin This is me

Seda Dağar This is me

Hüseyin Uzunosmanoğlu This is me

Yunsur Çevik This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Emektar, E., Öztekin, Ö., Dağar, S., Uzunosmanoğlu, H., et al. (2021). Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(1), 63-67.
AMA Emektar E, Öztekin Ö, Dağar S, Uzunosmanoğlu H, Çevik Y. Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. April 2021;11(1):63-67.
Chicago Emektar, Emine, Özge Öztekin, Seda Dağar, Hüseyin Uzunosmanoğlu, and Yunsur Çevik. “Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 1 (April 2021): 63-67.
EndNote Emektar E, Öztekin Ö, Dağar S, Uzunosmanoğlu H, Çevik Y (April 1, 2021) Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 11 1 63–67.
IEEE E. Emektar, Ö. Öztekin, S. Dağar, H. Uzunosmanoğlu, and Y. Çevik, “Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi”, KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63–67, 2021.
ISNAD Emektar, Emine et al. “Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 11/1 (April 2021), 63-67.
JAMA Emektar E, Öztekin Ö, Dağar S, Uzunosmanoğlu H, Çevik Y. Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2021;11:63–67.
MLA Emektar, Emine et al. “Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi”. Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 63-67.
Vancouver Emektar E, Öztekin Ö, Dağar S, Uzunosmanoğlu H, Çevik Y. Acil Servise Demir İntoksikasyonu Olan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. KAFKAS TIP BİL DERG. 2021;11(1):63-7.