Investigation of Bartonella hanselae Seroprevalence in the Northern Countryside of Denizli Province

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 11 - 17, 26.04.2023

Yüksel Akkaya Çağrı Ergin

Abstract

Aim: Bartonella species are zoonotic bacteria that are transmitted through gram negative coccobacillus/bacillus. The importance of the Bartonella species has increased with there cent epidemiological studies on human sand animals. The proportions differ according to the epidemiological studies conducted in different risk groups. The B.henselae ranges between 5.5% and 57.3% in seroprevalence studies conducted in differen tparts of the world. It is important to expand the seroprevalence studies of bartonellosis at Türkiye. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of in working adults at risk by occupational groups in northern rural area of Denizli.
Material and Method: Antibodies against B.henselae ATCC 49882 (Houston-1) strain were detected using immunofluorescent antibody technique in serum samples collected from 477 healthy adult volunteers working in risky occupational groups in then norther countryside of Denizli. Serum samples were studied in laboratory of Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University.
Results: The prevalence of B.henselae seropositive was found to be 44.0%. Antibodiesof B.henselae were found in 26.8% volunteers at 1/64, in 13.8% at 1/128, in 2.7% at 1/256, in 0.6% at 1/512 dilutions. The analysis of the data revealed that statistical difference sexist for B.henselae according to tick, exposure to sandfly, live in wetlands, agriculture, and age groups (p<0.005).
Conclusion: This study makes an important contribution in determining the seroprevalence of bartonellosis relevant to Türkiye. According to the screening of seroprevalence by risk occupational groups in this study, it is concluded that risk groups with different regional and geographical features should be preferred for bartonellosis seroprevalence examinations.

Keywords

Bartonella henselae, seroprevalence, zoonosis, risk occupational groups

References

• 1. Celebi B. Bartonella henselae and its infections. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2008;42:163–75.
• 2. Chmielewski T, Podsiadly E, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S. Presence of Bartonella spp. in various human populations. Pol J Microbiol. 2007;56:33–8.
• 3. Portillo A, Maggi R, Oteo JA, Bradley J, Garcia-Alvarez L, SanMartin M, et al. Bartonella spp. prevalence (Serology, culture, and PCR) in sanitary workers in La Rioja Spain. Pathogens. 2020;9. DOI:10.3390/pathogens9030189.
• 4. Leibler JH, Zakhour CM, Gadhoke P, Gaeta JM. Zoonotic and vector-borne infections among urban homeless and marginalized people in the United States and Europe, 1990-2014. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016;16:435–44. DOI:10.1089/vbz.2015.1863.
• 5. Maruyama S, Boonmar S, Morita Y, Sakai T, Tanaka S, Yamaguchi F, et al. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii among healthy individuals in Thailand. J Vet Med Sci. 2000;62:635–7. DOI:10.1292/jvms.62.635.
• 6. Pandak N, Dakovic-Rode O, Cabraja I, Kristof Z, Kotarac S. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae antibodies in children and blood donors in Croatia. Infection. 2009;37:166–7. DOI:10.1007/s15010-008-8113-0.
• 7. Troncoso I, Fischer C, Arteaga F, Espinoza C, Azocar T, Abarca K. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in occupational risk persons. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2016;33:355–7. DOI:10.4067/ S0716-10182016000300019.
• 8. Zhang Y, Zhang ZL, Yin JY, Lv J, Yu HL, Liang CW, et al. Seroepidemiological investigation on Rickettsia typhi, Bartonella henselae and Orientia tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of Tianjin, 2007 - 2009. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2011;32:2569.
• 9. Aydin N, Bulbul R, Telli M, Gultekin B. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana in blood donors in Aydin province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014;48:477–83.
• 10. Sayin-Kutlu S, Ergin C, Kutlu M, Akkaya Y, Akalin S. Bartonella henselae seroprevalence in cattle breeders and veterinarians in the rural areas of Aydin and Denizli, Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 2012;59:445–9. DOI:10.1111/j.18632378.2012.01486.x.
• 11. Ozturk MZ, Cetinkaya G, Aydin S. Climate types of Turkey according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification. J Geography. 2017;35:17–27. DOI:10.26650/JGEOG330955.
• 12. Regnery RL, Olson JG, Perkins BA, Bibb W. Serological response to “Rochalimaea henselae” antigen in suspected catscratch disease. Lancet. 1992;339:1443–5. DOI:10.1016/01406736(92)92032-b.
• 13. Jackson LA, Perkins BA, Wenger JD. Cat scratch disease in the United States: an analysis of three national databases. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:1707–11. DOI:10.2105/ ajph.83.12.1707.
• 14. Yilmaz C, Ergin C, Kaleli I. Investigation of Bartonella henselae seroprevalence and related risk factors in blood donors admitted to Pamukkale University Blood Center. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2009;43:391–401.
• 15. Zhang L, Shan A, Mathew B, Yin J, Fu X, Zhang J, et al. Rickettsial seroepidemiology among farm workers, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:938–40. DOI:10.3201/eid1406.071502.
• 16. Costa PS, Brigatte ME, Greco DB. Antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia typhi, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis among healthy population in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005;100:853–59. DOI:10.1590/s007402762005000800006.
• 17. Kwon HY, Im JH, Lee SM, Baek JH, Durey A, Park SG, et al. The seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in healthy adults in Korea. Korean J Intern Med. 2017;32:530–5. DOI:10.3904/ kjim.2016.010.
• 18. Antoniou M, Economou I, Wang X, Psaroulaki A, Spyridaki I, Papadopoulos B, et al. Fourteen-year seroepidemiological study of zoonoses in a Greek village. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66:80–5. DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.80.
• 19. Sun J, Fu G, Lin J, Song X, Lu L, Liu Q, et al. Seroprevalence of Bartonella in Eastern China and analysis of risk factors. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:121. DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-10-121.
• 20. Tea A, Alexiou-Daniel S, Arvanitidou M, Diza E, Antoniadis A. Occurrence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana in a healthy Greek population. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;68:5546. DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.554.
• 21. Cimolai N, Benoit L, Hill A, Lyons C. Bartonella henselae infection in British Columbia: evidence for an endemic disease among humans. Can J Microbiol. 2000;46:908–12.
• 22. Juncker-Voss M, Prosl H, Lussy H, Enzenberg U, Auer H, Lassnig H, et al. Screening for antibodies against zoonotic agents among employees of the Zoological Garden of Vienna, Schonbrunn, Austria]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2004;117:404–9.
• 23. Pons I, Sanfeliu I, Cardenosa N, Nogueras MM, Font B, Segura F. Serological evidence of [[Bartonella henselae infection in healthy people in Catalonia, Spain. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136:1712–6. DOI:10.1017/S0950268808000368.
• 24. Zajac V, Wojcik-Fatla A, Dutkiewicz J, Szymanska J. Bartonella henselae in eastern Poland: the relationship between tick infection rates and the serological response of individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites. J Vector Ecol. 2015;40:7582. DOI:10.1111/jvec.12135.
• 25. Angelakis E, Billeter SA, Breitschwerdt EB, Chomel BB, Raoult D. Potential for tick-borne bartonelloses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16:385–91. DOI:10.3201/eid1603.081685.
• 26. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Duncan AW, Nicholson WL, Hegarty BC, Woods CWet all: Bartonella species in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:938–41. DOI:10.3201/ eid1306.061337.
• 27. Chang CC, Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Romano V, Tietze N. Molecular evidence of Bartonella spp. in questing adult Ixodes pacificus ticks in California. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:1221–6. DOI:10.1128/JCM.39.4.1221-1226.2001.
• 28. Muller A, Reiter M, Schotta AM, Stockinger H, Stanek G. Detection of Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricinus ticks and Bartonella seroprevalence in human populations. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016;7:763-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.03.009.