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An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 531 - 542, 27.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.292220

Abstract

Abstract

Aim of study: Leptoglossus occidentalis which is first identified by Heidemann at
North America in 1910 spread quickly after WW II. Although it was first seen in
1999 in Europe has swept the continent in 10 years. First damage observation in
Turkey reported in Kozak Basin of Bergama on cones of stone pine trees which
has valuable edible seeds. The seed yield loss started in 2005 and reached to a
peak in 2009. In addition to high early age conelet loss, rate of emptiness of
cones has sometimes reached to 90 %. The bug causes decrement in seed formation
and seed germination ability significantly by causing early stage conelet loss
and destroying endosperm parts of mature cones. In respect of forestry
activities decrement of seed resources caused due to bug damage will have
negative impact on natural regeneration activities in Turkey and probably will
end in failure. In this study, it was aimed to determine the severity of damage
caused by the collecting of cone samples from the stone pine forests in our
country.

Area
of study
:
Without making any discrimination either planted or natural or any altitude or
any aspect, stone pine cones have been collected from 42 localities which are
distributed all around Turkey.

Material
and Methods:

Weight and size of cones have been measured and seeds extracted by holding at
55 0C in climate cabinet, then damage on seeds of L. occidentalis and unshelled seed yield
determined.

Main results: Empty seed
formation in stone pine cones varies between %14 and 98%, depending on the
region.
There is no difference between
natural or plantation forests in terms of empty seed formation.











Research highlights: All necessary control
strategies should be developed against this bug which has high potential as
technic and cost for affecting forestry.

References

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  • Anoymus 1. Bursa Orman Fidanlık Müdürlüğü ile yapılan sözlü görüşme
  • Arslangündoğdu ve Hızal 2010. The Western Conifer Seed Bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910), recorded in Turkey (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Zoology in the Middle East 50, s. 138-139
  • Bates S.L., Strong, W.B., Borden, J.H. 2002. Abortion and seed set in Lodgepole and Western White Pine Conelets following feeding by Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Environmental Entomology 31: 1023–1029.
  • Bates SL, Borden JH, Kermode AR, Bennett RG 2000. Impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on Douglas-fir seed production. J Econ Entomol 93(5):1444– 1451. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1444)
  • Bates SL, Lait CG, Borden JH, Kermode AR 2001. Effect of feeding by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, on the major storage reserves of developing seeds and on seedling vigor of Douglas-fir. Tree Physiol 21(7):481–487
  • Bates, S. L., C. G. Lait, J. H. Borden and A. R. Kermode. 2002. Measuring the impact of Lepfoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) on seed production in lodgepole pine using an antibody-based assay. J. Econ. Entomol. 95: 770-777.
  • Bates, S.L.,1997. Damage to common plumbing materials caused by overwintering Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, New York 14456, United States of America
  • Blatt S.E., 1994. An unusually large aggregation of the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), in a man-made structure. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia.
  • Hellrigl K., 2006.- Rasche Ausbreitung eingeschleppter Neobiota (Neozoen undNeophyten)-Amerikanische Koniferenwanze Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910.- Forest Observer, 2/3: 363-365.
  • Bracalini, M., Cerboneschi,M., Croci,F., Panzavolta,T.,Tiberi, R., Tegli, S.,2014. DNA based markers to characterize insect pest damage: diagnostic trials on Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Entomology 2014, ESA 62ND Annual Meeting November 16-19, Portland OR
  • Bracalini,M.,Benedettelli,S.,Croci,F.,Terreni,P.,Tiberi,R., Panzavolta, T.,2013. Cone and Seed Pests of Pinus pinea: Assessment and haracterization of Damage DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC12293 229-234 First published online: 1 February 2013
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  • Dusoulier, F., Lupoli, R., Aberlenc, H.P., Streito, J.C. 2007. L’invasion orientale de Leptoglossus occidentalis en France: bilan de son extension biogéographique en 2007 (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Entomologiste (Paris) 63: 303–308.
  • EPPO. 2010. Leptoglossus occidentalis: an invasive alien species spreading in Europe. EPPO Reporting Service 1: 8–12. feeding of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The Canadian Entomologist
  • Fent M., Kmrnt P., 2011. First record of the invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Turkey.- The North-Western Journal of Zoology, 7: 72-80.
  • Galli, W.K. 1992. Further Eastern range extensıon and host records for leptoglossus occıdentalıs (heteroptera: coreıdae): well-documented dıspersal of a household nuısance, The great lakes entomologıst, S 159-172
  • Gapon, D. A. 2012. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, St. Petersburg, Russia Citation Ėntomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 91, 3, pp 559-568Gullan and Cranston, 2012. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, Wiley-Blackwell; 4th Edition edition, ISBN-13: 978-1444330366, 584 p.
  • Hedlin, A.F., Yates, H.O., Tovar, D.C., Ebel B.H., Koerber, TW., Merkel, E.P., 1981. Cone and seed insects of North American conifers. Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, USDA Forest Service, Washington D.C. and Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos idraulicos, Mexico.
  • Ishikawa, T., Kikuhara, Y. 2009. (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a presumable recent invader to Japan). Japanese Journal of Entomology (New Series) 12: 115– 116. [in Japanese, English abstract].ISSN 1721-8861
  • İktüeren, Ş., 1980. Fıstık Çamı Kozalak ve Tohumuna İlişkin Morfolojik ve Fizyolojik Araştırmalar. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Seri No: 124, 40 s. Ankara
  • Jamâa, M.L.B. M. Mejri,,Naves,,P., Sousa, E., 2013. Detection of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Tunisia, African Entomology 21(1):165-167. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.021.0105
  • Jucker, C. 2005. New exotic parasites and proposals for their control [Italy] [
  • Kılcı, M., Akbin, G., Sayman, M., 2014. Fıstıkçamı (Pinus pineaL.) 420 p.
  • Koerber, T.W., 1963. Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae), a Newly Discovered Pest of Coniferous Seed. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56: 229–234.
  • Krugman S. L., Koerber T. W., 1969. Effect of cone feding by Leptoglossus occidentalis on ponderosa pine seed development.- Forest Science, 15: 104-111.
  • Lesieur, V.; Yart, A.; Guilbon, S.; Lorme, P.; Auger-Rozenberg, M. A.; Roques, A. 2014, A simple staining technique for assessing feeding damage by Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on cones. Biological Invasions, 16, 9, pp 1833-1849 Springer, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • Maltese, M., Caleca, V., Carapezza, A., 2009. Primi reperti in Sicilia su diffusione e biologia di Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), cimice americana dei semi delle conifere. pp. 1413-1418. In: Atti del Terzo Congresso
  • Mjøs, A.T., Nielsen, T.R. & Ødegaard, F. (2010): The Western Conifer Seed Bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910) (Hemiptera, Coreidae) found in SW Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 57: 20–22.
  • Mutke,S., Calama, R., Montero,G.,2015. Pine nut production from forests and agroforestry systems around the Mediterranean - a short verview, Workshop and MC Meeting Zagreb | 18. – 20. February
  • Ogden, J., 2013. Western Conifer Seed Bug, Insectary Notes, NS Dept. of Natural Resources Forest Health, October / November s. 2-3
  • Özçankaya, M., Balay, S.N., Kılcı, M., Bucak, C., 2010. Kozak Yöresindeki Fıstıkçamlarında (Pinus pinea L.) Biyotik Faktörler ile Besin Elementlerinin Kozalak Kayıplarına Etkileri, Teknik Bülten No 47, Bakanlık Yyaın No, 399, Müdürlük Yayın No, 62, 56 sayfa, İzmir.
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İstilacı bir tür: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) ormancılık faaliyetlerini nasıl etkiler?

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 531 - 542, 27.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.292220

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: Heidemann tarafından 1910 yılında Kuzey Amerika’da ilk kez tanımlanan Leptoglossus occidentalis İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra hızlı bir şekilde yayılmaya başlamış,
Avrupa’da ilk kez 1999 yılında görülmesine rağmen on yıl içerisinde tüm kıtayı
sarmıştır. Tohumu yenen değerli bir tür olması itibarıyla Ülkemizdeki ilk zarar
gözlemleri İzmir-Kozak Havzasında fıstıkçamlarında görülmüş, 2005 yılında
başlayan tohum verimindeki azalma, 2009 yılında zirve noktasına ulaşmıştır. İlk
dönemde görülen erken dökülmeler ve kozalaklardaki dolu tohum oranları bazen %
90’lara varan oranlara ulaşmıştır. Erken dönem kozalak dökümüne neden olması ve
olgunlaşan kozalakların endosperm kısımlarına zarar vermesi nedeniyle tohum
oluşumunu ve tohumun çimlenmesini önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Ormancılık
çalışmaları açısında irdelendiğinde; böcek zararı nedeniyle tohum kaynağındaki
azalmalar ormanlarımızdaki doğal gençleştirme çalışmalarını olumsuz
etkileyecek, çalışmaların başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmasına neden olabilecektir.
Çalışmada, ülkemizdeki fıstıkçamı meşcerelerinden kozalak örnekleri alınarak
böceğin meydana getirdiği zarar şiddetinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Çalışma alanı: Türkiye’de
fıstıkçamı alanlarından doğal ya da plantasyon ayrımı yapılmaksızın, yükselti
ve bakı farkı gözetilmeksizin 42 lokaliteden olgun fıstıkçamı kozalakları
toplanmıştır.

Materyal ve Yöntem:
Kozalakların
ağırlık ve en-boy ölçüleri alınmış, iklim dolabında 55 0C’de
tohumlar çıkarılarak L. occidentalis’in
fıstıkçamı tohumlarında meydana getirdiği zararlar ve iç fıstık randımanları
belirlenmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Fıstıkçamı
kozalaklarında boş tohum oluşumu yörelere göre % 14 ile % 98 arasında
değişmektedir. Boş tohum oluşumu bakımından doğal veya plantasyon ormanlarında
arasında fark görülmemektedir.









Araştırma
vurguları:
Ormancılık faaliyetlerimizi teknik ve mali olarak
etkileme potansiyeli yüksek olan bu böceğe karşı acilen mücadele stratejileri
geliştirilmelidir.

References

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  • Anoymus 1. Bursa Orman Fidanlık Müdürlüğü ile yapılan sözlü görüşme
  • Arslangündoğdu ve Hızal 2010. The Western Conifer Seed Bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910), recorded in Turkey (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Zoology in the Middle East 50, s. 138-139
  • Bates S.L., Strong, W.B., Borden, J.H. 2002. Abortion and seed set in Lodgepole and Western White Pine Conelets following feeding by Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Environmental Entomology 31: 1023–1029.
  • Bates SL, Borden JH, Kermode AR, Bennett RG 2000. Impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on Douglas-fir seed production. J Econ Entomol 93(5):1444– 1451. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1444)
  • Bates SL, Lait CG, Borden JH, Kermode AR 2001. Effect of feeding by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, on the major storage reserves of developing seeds and on seedling vigor of Douglas-fir. Tree Physiol 21(7):481–487
  • Bates, S. L., C. G. Lait, J. H. Borden and A. R. Kermode. 2002. Measuring the impact of Lepfoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) on seed production in lodgepole pine using an antibody-based assay. J. Econ. Entomol. 95: 770-777.
  • Bates, S.L.,1997. Damage to common plumbing materials caused by overwintering Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, New York 14456, United States of America
  • Blatt S.E., 1994. An unusually large aggregation of the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), in a man-made structure. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia.
  • Hellrigl K., 2006.- Rasche Ausbreitung eingeschleppter Neobiota (Neozoen undNeophyten)-Amerikanische Koniferenwanze Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910.- Forest Observer, 2/3: 363-365.
  • Bracalini, M., Cerboneschi,M., Croci,F., Panzavolta,T.,Tiberi, R., Tegli, S.,2014. DNA based markers to characterize insect pest damage: diagnostic trials on Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Entomology 2014, ESA 62ND Annual Meeting November 16-19, Portland OR
  • Bracalini,M.,Benedettelli,S.,Croci,F.,Terreni,P.,Tiberi,R., Panzavolta, T.,2013. Cone and Seed Pests of Pinus pinea: Assessment and haracterization of Damage DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC12293 229-234 First published online: 1 February 2013
  • Brambila, J.,2007. Heteroptera of Concern to Southern U.S S. Invasive Arthropod workshop, Southern Plant Diagnostic Network, 7 9 May 2007 - Clemson, South Carolina
  • Chun-Sik Yoon, Hyoung-Gon Kim, Jong-Dae Park, Won-Young Choi1), Hyeok-Jae Choi, Seon-Woo Cheong,2012.First Record of the Western Conifer Seed Bug, Leptoglossus ccidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Korea., Journal of the Environmental Sciences, 1009~1013,
  • Cibrian-Tovar DB,Hebel BH,Yates HO, Mendez-Montiel JT.1986. Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann. In: Cone and Seed Insects of the Mexican Conifers, , USDA Forest Science, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Ashville (US), pp.55–58.
  • DeBarr, G. L., and Kormanik, P. P.. 1975. Anatomical basis for conelet abortion on Pinus echinata following feeding by Leptoglossus corculus (Say). Can. Entomol. 107:81-86.
  • Díaz-Fleischer, F., Arellano,V.H., Velásquez,L.S., Medina, T.C., Alday,R.C., Ortega, M.L., A, 2010. Prelımınary Investıgatıon Of The Effect Of Pre-Dıspersal Seed Predatıon On The Germınatıon Of Quercus Candicans Née Acorns, Agrociencia 44: 83-92. 2010.
  • Dusoulier, F., Lupoli, R., Aberlenc, H.P., Streito, J.C. 2007. L’invasion orientale de Leptoglossus occidentalis en France: bilan de son extension biogéographique en 2007 (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Entomologiste (Paris) 63: 303–308.
  • EPPO. 2010. Leptoglossus occidentalis: an invasive alien species spreading in Europe. EPPO Reporting Service 1: 8–12. feeding of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The Canadian Entomologist
  • Fent M., Kmrnt P., 2011. First record of the invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Turkey.- The North-Western Journal of Zoology, 7: 72-80.
  • Galli, W.K. 1992. Further Eastern range extensıon and host records for leptoglossus occıdentalıs (heteroptera: coreıdae): well-documented dıspersal of a household nuısance, The great lakes entomologıst, S 159-172
  • Gapon, D. A. 2012. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, St. Petersburg, Russia Citation Ėntomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 91, 3, pp 559-568Gullan and Cranston, 2012. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, Wiley-Blackwell; 4th Edition edition, ISBN-13: 978-1444330366, 584 p.
  • Hedlin, A.F., Yates, H.O., Tovar, D.C., Ebel B.H., Koerber, TW., Merkel, E.P., 1981. Cone and seed insects of North American conifers. Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, USDA Forest Service, Washington D.C. and Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos idraulicos, Mexico.
  • Ishikawa, T., Kikuhara, Y. 2009. (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a presumable recent invader to Japan). Japanese Journal of Entomology (New Series) 12: 115– 116. [in Japanese, English abstract].ISSN 1721-8861
  • İktüeren, Ş., 1980. Fıstık Çamı Kozalak ve Tohumuna İlişkin Morfolojik ve Fizyolojik Araştırmalar. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Seri No: 124, 40 s. Ankara
  • Jamâa, M.L.B. M. Mejri,,Naves,,P., Sousa, E., 2013. Detection of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Tunisia, African Entomology 21(1):165-167. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.021.0105
  • Jucker, C. 2005. New exotic parasites and proposals for their control [Italy] [
  • Kılcı, M., Akbin, G., Sayman, M., 2014. Fıstıkçamı (Pinus pineaL.) 420 p.
  • Koerber, T.W., 1963. Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae), a Newly Discovered Pest of Coniferous Seed. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56: 229–234.
  • Krugman S. L., Koerber T. W., 1969. Effect of cone feding by Leptoglossus occidentalis on ponderosa pine seed development.- Forest Science, 15: 104-111.
  • Lesieur, V.; Yart, A.; Guilbon, S.; Lorme, P.; Auger-Rozenberg, M. A.; Roques, A. 2014, A simple staining technique for assessing feeding damage by Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on cones. Biological Invasions, 16, 9, pp 1833-1849 Springer, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • Maltese, M., Caleca, V., Carapezza, A., 2009. Primi reperti in Sicilia su diffusione e biologia di Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), cimice americana dei semi delle conifere. pp. 1413-1418. In: Atti del Terzo Congresso
  • Mjøs, A.T., Nielsen, T.R. & Ødegaard, F. (2010): The Western Conifer Seed Bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910) (Hemiptera, Coreidae) found in SW Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 57: 20–22.
  • Mutke,S., Calama, R., Montero,G.,2015. Pine nut production from forests and agroforestry systems around the Mediterranean - a short verview, Workshop and MC Meeting Zagreb | 18. – 20. February
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Salih Parlak

Publication Date November 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Parlak, S. (2017). An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(3), 531-542. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.292220
AMA Parlak S. An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. November 2017;17(3):531-542. doi:10.17475/kastorman.292220
Chicago Parlak, Salih. “An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17, no. 3 (November 2017): 531-42. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.292220.
EndNote Parlak S (November 1, 2017) An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17 3 531–542.
IEEE S. Parlak, “An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 531–542, 2017, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.292220.
ISNAD Parlak, Salih. “An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17/3 (November 2017), 531-542. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.292220.
JAMA Parlak S. An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2017;17:531–542.
MLA Parlak, Salih. “An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 17, no. 3, 2017, pp. 531-42, doi:10.17475/kastorman.292220.
Vancouver Parlak S. An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2017;17(3):531-42.

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