kaytek Kamu Yönetimi ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2687-6485 Kamu Bilişim Derneği 10.58307/kaytek.1580460 Research, Science and Technology Policy Public Administration Araştırma, Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası Kamu Yönetimi ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT AFET YÖNETİMİNDE YAPAY ZEKA DESTEĞİ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3607-1583 Eren Veysel HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7187-7729 Duman Hasret Hatay Mustafa Kemal University 01 30 2025 7 1 13 36 11 06 2024 01 02 2025 Copyright © 2019, Journal of Public Administration and Technology 2019 Journal of Public Administration and Technology

The rapid development of digital technologies has driven significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) applications, expanding their use across various fields. One notable area is disaster management, where AI is leveraged to strengthen societal resilience and protect communities from disasters. However, some AI projects may fall short of expectations during implementation, often resulting in increased costs, time, and labor due to their inherent complexity. In response, this study presents a model that explores the application of AI throughout the disaster management process, utilizing secondary data sources. The objective is to contribute to both academic literature and disaster management practices by supporting disaster prevention, reducing loss of life and property, and enabling more efficient and timely interventions. Furthermore, this study aims to serve as a valuable resource not only for researchers in the field but also for decision-makers and practitioners, offering a concise reference for more informed, data-driven actions.

Dijital teknolojilerin artan oranlı gelişimi yapay zekâ uygulamalarının ilerlemesine ve birçok farklı alanda kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu alanlardan biri de afet yönetimidir. Toplumu afete karşı dayanıklı kılmak ve korumak için yapay zekâ uygulamaları kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bazı yapay zekâ projeleri uygulamada beklentileri karşılayamamakta hatta var olan karmaşıklığı ile daha fazla maliyete, zamana, iş gücüne yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışma ikincil veri kaynakları ile afet sürecinde yapay zekâ kullanımını inceleyen bir model geliştirmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı afetlerin önlenmesine, can ve mal kayıplarının en aza indirilmesine, daha acil ve etkin müdahaleye olanak sağlayan afet yönetim modeline ve literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Bu noktada çalışma, ilgili alanda araştırma yapacak araştırmacılara ek bir kaynak olmanın yanı sıra karar vericiler ve uygulayıcılar için de özet kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır.

 Disaster Disaster management Digital Technologies Artificial Intelligence Afet Afet yönetimi Dijital Teknolojileri Yapay Zekâ Abid, S., Kamran, N. S., Chan, S. W., Nazir, U., Abid, M., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A., & Vega-Muñoz, A. (2021) ‘‘Toward An Integrated Disaster Management Approach: How Artificial Intelligence Can Boost Disaster Management’’. Sustainability, 13(22), 12560. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212560 AFAD (2024a). AYDES Uzaktan Algılama (UZAL). https://www.afad.gov.tr/aydes-uzaktan-algilama-uzal55 (20.08.2024) AFAD. (2024b). Afet Türleri. https://www.afad.gov.tr/afet-turleri (20.08.2024) Agurbash, E. (2023) ‘‘Autonomous Robots for Disaster Management’’. https://aiforgood.itu.int/autonomous-robots-for-disaster-management/ Alsamhi, S. H., Shvetsov, A. V., Kumar, S., Shvetsova, S. V., Alhartomi, M. A., Hawbani, A., Rajput, N. S., Srivastava, S., Saif, A., & Nyangaresi, V. O. (2022) ‘‘UAV Computing-Assisted Search and Rescue Mission Framework for Disaster and Harsh Environment Mitigation’’. Drones, 6(7), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6070154 Anadolu Ajansı. (2023). Refakatsiz Depremzede Çocuklar İçin Yüz Tanıma Yapan ‘Deringörü’ Yazılımı Devrede. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/asrin-felaketi/refakatsiz-depremzede-cocuklar-icin-yuz-tanima-yapan-deringoru-yazilimi-devrede/2818155 (29.09.2024) Balbay, E. (2024) ‘‘Türkiye’de Meydana Gelen Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinde Yapay Zekâ ve Dijital Teknolojilerin Kullanımının Incelenmesi’’. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ufuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Cheng, C.-S., Behzadan, A. H., & Noshadravan, A. (2022) ‘‘Uncertainty-Aware Convolutional Neural Network for Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Disaster Damage Assessment’’. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 29(10), e3019. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.3019 CSIRO (2024). Spark: Predicting Bushfire Spread. https://www.csiro.au/en/research/technology-space/ai/Spark (07.09.2024) Doma, O. O., & Şener, S. M. (2024) ‘‘Doğal Afet ve Yapay Zekâ: Deprem Yönetimini Dönüştüren Bilişim Teknolojileri’’. İTÜ Vakfı Yayınları. https://www.ituvakif.org.tr/dogal-afet-ve-yapay-zeka Duman, H. (2024) ‘‘Use of Digital Technologies in Migration and Asylum Management’’. In Media representation of migrants and refugees (pp. 169-188). IGI Global. EM-DAT. (2023). Earthquakes in Türkiye: A Review from 1900 to Today. https://files.emdat.be/2023/09/CredCrunch72.pdf (08.07.2024) Erdelj, M., Król, M., & Natalizio, E. (2017) ‘‘Wireless Sensor Networks and Multi-UAV Systems For Natural Disaster Management’’. Computer Networks, 124, 72-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2017.06.019 Eren, V. (2022) ‘‘Kriz Yönetimi Kavramı ve Kriz Yaratan Durumlar’’. In Kamu Sektöründe Kriz Yönetimi: Kavram, Kuram ve Uygulamalar (pp. 1-29). Nobel Yayınları. Erkal, T., & Değerliyurt, M. (2009) ‘‘Türkiye’de Afet Yönetimi’’. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 14(22), 147-164. Fan, C., Zhang, C., Yahja, A., & Mostafavi, A. (2021) ‘‘Disaster City Digital Twin: A Vision for Integrating Artificial and Human Intelligence for Disaster Management’’. International Journal of Information Management, 56, 102049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102049 Farsath, R., Jitha, K., Marwan, V. K. M., Ali Jouhar, A. M., & Musrifa, K. A. (2024). ‘‘AI-Enhanced Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Search and Rescue Operations’’. In 2024 5th International Conference on Innovative Trends in Information Technology (ICITIIT) (pp. 1-10). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITIIT50450.2024.00010 Gesk, T. S., & Leyer, M. (2022). ‘‘Artificial Intelligence in Public Services: When and Why Citizens Accept Its Usage’’. Government Information Quarterly, 39(3), 101704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101704 Google Research. (2024). Flood Forecasting. https://sites.research.google/floodforecasting/#:~:text=Flood%20Hub%20for%20Governments%20and%20Organizations&text=It%20is%20a%20visual%2C%20easy,models%20and%20global%20data%20sources Huang, J. P., Wang, X. A., Zhao, Y., Xin, C., & Xiang, H. (2018) ‘‘Large Earthquake Magnitude Prediction in Taiwan Based on Deep Learning Neural Network’’. Neural Network World, (2). Kulal, A., Ur Rahiman, H., Suvarna, H., Abhishek, N., & Dinesh, S. (2024) ‘‘Enhancing Public Service Delivery Efficiency: Exploring the Impact of AI’’. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10, 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc10030029 Lamsal, R., & Kumar, T. V. (2020) ‘‘Artificial Intelligence and Early Warning Systems’’. In AI and Robotics in Disaster Studies (pp. 13-32). Li, F., Hou, S., Bu, C., & Qu, B. (2023) ‘‘Rescue Robots for the Urban Earthquake Environment’’. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17, e181. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2022.159 Margetts, H., & Dorobantu, C. (2019) ‘‘Rethink Government With AI’’, Nature, 568(7751), 163-165. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01372-8 Mehr, H. (2017) ‘‘Artificial Intelligence for Citizen Services and Government’’, Harvard Ash Center Technology & Democracy Fellow, August 1, 12. Mishra, D., Kumar, S., & Hassini, E. (2019) ‘‘Current Trends in Disaster Management Simulation Modeling Research’’, Annals of Operations Research, 283(1), 1387-1411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-018-2987-2 Nunavath, V., & Goodwin, M. (2019) ‘‘The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review’’, In 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM) (pp. 1-8). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT-DM.2019.00012 Ogie, R. I., Castilla Rho, J., & Clarke, R. J. (2018) ‘‘Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Risk Communication: A Systematic Literature Review’’, In 2018 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM) (pp. 1-8). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT-DM.2018.00007 Our World in Data. (2024). The World Has Become More Resilient to Disasters, But Investment is Needed to Save More Lives. https://ourworldindata.org/the-world-has-become-more-resilient-to-disasters-but-investment-is-needed-to-save-more-lives (23.09.2024). Pencheva, I., Esteve, M., & Jankin Mikhaylov, S. (2020) ‘‘Big Data And AI—A Transformational Shift for Government: So, What Next for Research?’’, Public Policy and Administration, 35(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820901223 Rafiei, M. H., & Adeli, H. (2017) ‘‘NEEWS: A Novel Earthquake Early Warning Model Using Neural Dynamic Classification and Neural Dynamic Optimization’’, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 100, 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.06.022 Ritchie, H. (2024) ‘‘The World Has Become More Resilient to Disasters, But Investment Is Needed To Save More Lives’’ Published online at OurWorldinData.org. https://ourworldindata.org/the-world-has-become-more-resilient-to-disasters-but-investment-is-needed-to-save-more-lives (22.08.2024). Ryan-Mosley, T. (2023) ‘‘How AI Can Actually be Helpful in Disaster Response’’, https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/20/1068824/ai-actually-helpful-disaster-response-turkey-syria-earthquake/ (02.08.2024). Saravi, S., Kalawsky, R., Joannou, D., Rivas Casado, M., Fu, G., & Meng, F. (2019) ‘‘Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Resilience and Preparedness Against Adverse Flood Events’’ Water, 11(5), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11050973 Sendai. (2024). Sendai Afet Risk Azaltma Çerçevesi 2015-2030. https://uclg-mewa.org/uploads/file/748e86d91ae4409e9188794ddb6c004d/Sendai_TR.pdf (25.09.2024). Sun, W., Bocchini, P., & Davison, B. D. (2020) ‘‘Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Disaster Management’’, Natural Hazards, 103(3), 2631-2689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04263-1 Şahin, Ş. (2019) ‘‘Türkiye’de Afet Yönetimi ve 2023 Hedefleri’’, Türk Deprem Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2), 180-196. TDK. (2024). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (09.07.2024). Web Japan. (2024). Disaster-Prevention Technology in Japan. https://web-japan.org/trends/11_tech-life/tec202112_disaster-prevention.html (25.09.2024). Wilk-Jakubowski, G., Harabin, R., & Ivanov, S. (2022) ‘‘Robotics in Crisis Management: A Review’’, Technology in Society, 68, 101935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101935 Zhang, S., Yao, J., Wang, R., Liu, Z., Ma, C., Wang, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2022) ‘‘Design of Intelligent Fire-Fighting Robot Based On Multi-Sensor Fusion And Experimental Study On Fire Scene Patrol’’, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 154, 104122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2022.104122 Xu, C., & Xue, Z. (2023) ‘‘Applications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in The Field of Disaster Prevention, Reduction, and Relief’’, Natural Hazards Research.