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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>karadeniz | black sea | чёрное море</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1308-6200</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3062-4126</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Hayrettin İVGİN</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17498/kdeniz.693840</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ВОПРОСА  ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ  И  ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ  ТОПОНИМИИ  В УЩЕЛЬЕ РЕКИ ПРОНЕ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>PRONE VADİSİ YER ADLARININ TÜREYİŞİ İLE MEVKİSİ ÜZERİNE</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>FOR THE QUESTION OF LEARNING LOCALIZATION AND COMPOSITION OF TOPONYM OF THE PRONE VALLEY</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6604-1628</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Koberıdze</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mariam</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Gori State Teaching University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20200610">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>10</month>
                    <year>2020</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>46</issue>
                                        <fpage>47</fpage>
                                        <lpage>61</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20200225">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20200321">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Ущелье  реки Проне  расположено в среднем Картли, на правом берегу Куры. Включает в себя Дванис-цкали, Алис-цкали, Пцис-цкали и Сурамис-цкали. В соответствии с историческим термином и сегодня эти реки  население называет Проне. Для диахронного изучения существующих в этом ущелье  топонимов, с точки зрения лингвистики  существенными справками располагают приходская книга Руиси или летопись Руиси, составленная Николозом Мровели Орбелишвили или Капланишвили  в 1715 году;   «Описание царства грузинского (География Грузии)» Вахушти Багратиони (середина XVIII века); «Описание Картли и Кахетии» Иоанна Багратиони (1794-99 годы) и материалы, в разное время записанные и проанализированные грузинскими исследователями (С. Макалатия, Ал. Глонти, М. Коберидзе, Н. Отинашвили) с точки зрения диалектологии. Речь деревень Дванис-цкали и Пцис-цкали относится к шида картлийскому говору, а речь жителей сел Алис-цкали и Сурамис-цкали относится к западно-картлийскому. Топонимы ущелья реки Проне по своему содержанию и образованию разнообразны, существующие средства образования слов подобны грузинскому литературному языку и другим диалектам грузинского языка. Встречаются как субстантивированные, так и  атрибутивные субстантивные микро (Накедлареби, Сакидула ...), макро (Дванисцкали, Проне…) и собственные топонимы (Двани, Дирби, Тахтидзири ...), где составляющей частью композита встречаются «цкали»(вода), «тба»(озеро), «геле»(речка), «чала» (роща), «хеви» (ущелье), «чаоби» (болото), «мореви»(водоворот). Детерминантой к топонимам такого типа подтверждаются как общественные, так и собственные имена. Фонетические процессы, характерные для грузинской языковой системы, также встречаются в топонимах ущелья реки Проне. Например: потеря звука, замещение звуков, включение звука… Активно используется суффиксальное (- ет, - ит , - ат, ис-и, ат (а),  -  aт (a),  - та, - еул,  - ул , - ур, - ован, -осан, -ин-а, -еб, -мар (нар)  и преффиксально-суффиксальное образование (на-ев, са-е, са-ур,  са-иа. Различие создает ареал распространения топонимов и частота производного средства. Различные случаи указывают на тенденцию унификации и случаи переключения речевого кода. Встречается территороиальная локализация  использования диалектной лексики в топонимии. Проанализированный материал по содержанию и образованию разнообразен. Образование  грузинское, не встречаются заимствованные термины. По частоте использования выделяются топонимы с основой на «цкал» и «цкар». Большинство топонимов сложные слова. К топонимам такого типа определителем выступают как нарицательные, так и собственные имена.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Prone Nehri vadisi, Kartli&#039;nin ortasında, Kür nehrinin sağ kıyısında yer alır ve Dvanis Tskali, Alis Tskali, Ptsis Tskali ve Suramis Tskali gibi vadileri de içerir. Tarih geleneğine göre, bugün nüfus bu nehirlere Prone denir. Bu bölgedeki yer adlarının artzamanlı çalışması ve dilbilim açısından incelenmesi için 1715&#039;te Nikoloz Mroveli Orbelişvili aynı Kaplanişvili tarafından derlenen Ruisi Kroniği adlı kitap önem arz etmektedir. Dialektoloji açısından ise “Gürcistan Krallığı’nın Tasfiri (Gürcistan Coğrafyası)” Vakhuşti Bagrationi (18. yüzyılın ortaları); İoane Bagrationi (1794-99) tarafından hazırlanan “Kartli ve Kakheti&#039;nin Tasviri” ve Gürcü araştırmacılar (S. Makalatia, Al. Glonti, M. Koberidze, N. Otinaşvili) tarafından kayd ve analiz edilen materyaller ayrıca dikkate değerdir.Dvanis-tskali ve Ptsis-tskali köylerinin ağız özellikleri  Shida Kartli lehçesine aittir, Alis-tskali ve Suramis-tskali köylerinin sakinlerinin ağız özellikleri ise Batı Kartlı&#039;ye özgüdür. Prone Nehri vadisinin isimleri içerik ve türeyiş bakımından çeşitlidir. Kelimelerin ortaya konma araçları Gürcü edebi diline ve Gürcü dilinin diğer lehçelerine benzer. Bunlar arasında gerek substantiv, gerekse nitelik esaslı olan mikro (Nakedilarebi, Sakidula ...) ve makro (Dvanistskali, Eğilimli ...) ve öz (Dvani, Dirbi, Takhtidziri ...) gibi toponimler bulunur. burada “tskali” (su), “tba” (göl), “ğele” (nehir), “çala” (koru), “hevi” (geçit), “çaobi” (bataklık), “morevi” (girdap) gibi bileşik kompozitler vardır. Bu tür toponimlerin belirleyicisi gerek genel, gerekse özel adları doğrular.Gürcü dil sistemine has olan ses kaybı, seslerin değiştirilmesi, ses açma ve  aktif olarak kullanılan son ek (- um, - um, - at, is-i, at (a), - at (a), - o, - eul, - ul, - ur, - ovan, -osan, -in-a , -eb, -mar (нар) ile önek-sonek oluşumu (na-ev, sa-e, sa-ur, sa-ia) gibi fonetik süreçleri Prone vadisinde de mevcuttur.Aradaki fark toponimlerin dağılım alanını ve türev frekansını oluşturur. Çeşitli durumlar, birleşme ve konuşma kodunun değiştirilmesi durumlarına yönelik bir eğilim göstermektedir. Yer adlarında lehçe kelime dağarcığı kullanımının bölgesel bir lokalizasyonu vardır. İçerik ve oluşum açısından analiz edilen materyal çeşitlidir. Oluşumu Gürcücedendir, başka bir dilden dahil olan terim bulunamamıştır. Kullanım sıklığına göre, özellikle  “tskal” ve “tskar” temelli yer adlarına rast gelinmektedir. Yer adlarının çoğu bileşik kelimelerdir. Bu tür yer adları gerek ortak isimler, gerekse de özel isimler tarafından şekillenir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The Prone Valley is located in the middle of Kartli, to the right side of Mtkvari. It covers Dvani Tskali, Ali Tskali, Ptsa Tskali and Surami Tskali. People call these rivers Prone today tooin accordance of the historical term. The Book of Ruisi Flock or the Chronicle of Ruisi composed by Nikoloz  Mroveli Orbelishvili or Kaplanishvili in 1715 gives us the important information for diachronic study of the toponyms of this valley with regard to linguistic; Vakhusht iBagrationi’s “Description of the Kingdom of Georgia (Geography of Georgia)” (in the middle years of XVIII century); Ioane Bagrationi’s “Description of Kartl-Kakheti” (1794-1799) and the recorded and analyzed materials by the Georgian researchers (S. Makalatia, Al. GhlontI, M. Koberidze, N.Otinashvili)  in different times with dialectological point of view.Speech of villages of DvaniTskali and PtsaTskali belongs to Shidakartlianand speech of villages of Ali Tskali and SuramiTskali belongs to – Western Kartlian. Toponyms of the Prone Valleyare various according to the content and the composition, the confirmed means of word composition are similar to Georgian literary language and other dialects of Georgian language. As substantive (martulmsazgvreliani) as attributive (atributulmsazgvreliani) micro (nakedlarebi, chakidula…), macro (Dvanistskali, Prone) and in particular toponyms (Dvani, Dirbi, Taxtidziri ..)  occur, where occur “tskali”, “tba”, “ghele”, “tchala”, “khevi”, “tchaobi”, “morevi”as a component part of composite. With such kind of toponyms as an attribute is confirmedas common as proper nouns. For the toponyms of Prone Valleyare peculiar these phonetic processes what are peculiar for the Georgian languagesystem. For example: loss of letter, replacement of letters, insertionof letter… composition with suffixes (-et,- it, -at, -is-i, -at(a), -ta, -eul, -ul, -ur, -ovan, -osan, -in-a, -eb, -mar ( nar) and with prefix-suffixes (na-ev, sa-e, sa-ur, sa-ia). Spreading area of toponymsand frequency of formative mean create difference. Difference occasions refer to the unification tendency and the occasions of changeover of codes of speech. It is noted territorial localization of dialectical vocabulary used as toponym.    The analysed material is multifariousdue to its content. There are no borrowed terms, but all are Georgian formation.  The toponyms of “ Tskal” and “Tskhar” basis are used more frequently. The majority of toponyms are complex words. Common nouns as well as proper nouns can be the qualifiers of such types of toponyms.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Ущелье реки Проне</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  топонимии</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  диалект</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Картлийский</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  образования</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  локализация</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  лексика</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                    
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Prone vadisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  yer adları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  lehçe</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kartli</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  oluşum</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  mevki</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kelime bilgisi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Prone Valley</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Toponym</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dialect</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kartlian</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Composition</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Localization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Lexis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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