Research Article
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Individual and Institutional Factors Contributing to School Dropouts

Year 2019, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 1047 - 1057, 15.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2540

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine
the factors contributing to school dropouts in secondary education. A
qualitative approach has been adopted in the study and embedded case study
design was used. The study group is composed of 30 students leaving the formal
secondary school and taking courses in open high school between 2014-2015
educational year, in the province of Sanliurfa, Turkey. Results indicated that
the individual factors for school dropout are; physical and psychological
problems, failures, changes of the teacher, negative attitudes and values
towards the school, incompatible behaviors in the class and the school,
absenteeism, school change, and low academic achievement. The institutional
factors of dropping out of school can be summarized as the family structure,
practices in the family, resources of the family, composition, structure,
practices, and resources of the schools, composition of the community and
friends.

References

  • Alliance for Excellent Education (AEE). (2007). Hidden benefits: The impact of high school graduation on household wealth. Retrieved January 2, 2011, from http://www.all4ed.org/files/hiddenbenefits.pdf
  • American Psychological Association. (2012). Facing the school dropout dilemma. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved August 10, 2017 from http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/school-dropout-prevention.aspx
  • Astone, N. M., & McLanahan, S. S. (1991). Family structure, parental practices and high school completion. American sociological review, 56(3), 309-320.
  • Battin-Pearson, S., Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Hill, K. G., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, J. D. (2000). Predictors of early high school dropout: A test of five theories. Journal of educational psychology, 92(3), 568-582.
  • Bayhan, G., & Dalgıç, G. (2012). Liseyi terk eden öğrencilerin tecrübelerine göre okul terki. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergi-si, 13(3), 107-130.
  • Boyacı, A., Karacabey, M. F., & Öz, Y. (2018). Organizational problems challenging the capacity of open vocational high schools in dealing with the school dropouts. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 9(1), 1-25. doi: 10.17569/tojqi.358362
  • Bryk, A. S., & Thum, Y. M. (1989). The effects of high school organization on dropping out: An exploratory investigation. American Educational research journal, 26(3), 353-383.
  • Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., Ferguson, L. L., & Gariepy, J. L. (1989). Growth and aggression: I. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental psychology, 25(2), 320-330.
  • Carbonaro, W. J. (1999). Opening the debate on closure and schooling outcomes: Comment on Morgan and Sørensen. American Socio-logical Review, 64(5), 682-686.
  • Crane, J. (1991). The epidemic theory of ghettos and neighborhood effects on dropping out and teenage childbearing. American journal of Sociology, 96(5), 1226-1259.
  • Croninger, R. G., & Lee, V. E. (2001). Social capital and dropping out of high school: Benefits to at-risk students of teachers' support and guidance. Teachers college record, 103(4), 548-581.
  • Denscombe, M. (2007). The good research guide. New York: Open University Press.
  • Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109-132.
  • Ekstrom, R. B., Goertz, M. E., Pollack, J. M., & Rock, D. A. (1986). Who drops out of high school and why? Findings from a national study. Teachers College Record. 87, 356-373.
  • Fagan, J., & Pabon, E. (1990). Contributions of delinquency and substance use to school dropout among inner-city youths. Youth & Society, 21(3), 306-354.
  • Fernandez, R. M., Paulsen, R., & Hirano-Nakanishi, M. (1989). Dropping out among Hispanic youth. Social Science Research, 18(1), 21-52.
  • Gamoran, A. (1992). The variable effects of high school tracking. American Sociological Review, 57(6), 812-828.
  • Gaviria, A., & Raphael, S. (2001). School-based peer effects and juvenile behavior. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(2), 257-268.
  • Gökşen, F., Cemalcılar, Z., & Gülselel, F. (2006). Türkiye’de ilköğretim okullarında okulu terk ve izlenmesi ile önlenmesine yönelik politikalar. İstanbul: AÇEV.
  • Grogger, J. (1997). Local violence and educational attainment. Journal of human resources, 32(4), 659-682.
  • Kahlenberg, R. D. (2001). Learning from James Coleman. Public Interest, 144, 54-72.
  • Kaplan, D. S. & Peck, B. M. (1997). Decomposing the academic failure-dropout relationship: a longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Educational Research, 90, 331-343.
  • Kronick, R. F. (1994). The imperative of dealing with dropouts: theory, practice and reform. Education, 114(4), 530-538.
  • Lee, V. E., & Bryk, A. S. (1989). A multilevel model of the social distribution of high school achievement. Sociology of education, 62(3), 172-192.
  • McNeal Jr, R. B. (1997). Are students being pulled out of high school? The effect of adolescent employment on dropping out. Sociolo-gy of Education, 70(3), 206-220.
  • MDESE (Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education). (2014). The Impact of Dropping Out: Summary of Research Findings and References. Retrieved 29 September, 2017 from http://www.doe.mass.edu/dropout/2014-05ImpactSummary.pdf.
  • MEB. (2012). MEB İstatistikleri-Örgün Eğitim 2011-2012. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. London: Sage.
  • Öğülmüş, S. (2013). Ortaöğretimde sınıf tekrarı, okul terk sebepleri ve örgün eğitim dışında kalan çocuklar politika önerileri raporu. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Özer, A., Gençtanırım, D. & Ergene, T. (2011). Türk lise öğrencilerinde okul terkinin yordanması: Aracı ve etkileşim değişkenleri ile bir model testi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(161), 302-318.
  • Pong, S. L., & Ju, D. B. (2000). The effects of change in family structure and income on dropping out of middle and high school. Journal of Family Issues, 21(2), 147-169.
  • Pribesh, S., & Downey, D. B. (1999). Why are residential and school moves associated with poor school performance? Demography, 36(4), 521-534.
  • Ream, R. K. (2005). Toward understanding how social capital mediates the impact of mobility on Mexican American achievement. Social forces, 84(1), 201-224.
  • Rumberger, R. W. (1987). High school dropouts: A review of issues and evidence. Review of Educational Research, 57, 101-121.
  • Rumberger, R. W. (1995). Dropping out of middle school: A multilevel analysis of students and schools. American educational Re-search journal, 32(3), 583-625.
  • Rumberger, R. W., & Palardy, G. J. (2005). Test scores, dropout rates, and transfer rates as alternative indicators of high school per-formance. American educational research journal, 42(1), 3-42.
  • Rumberger, R., & Thomas, S. (2000). The Distribution of Dropout and Turnover Rates among Urban and Suburban High Schools. Sociology of Education, 73(1), 39-67. doi:10.2307/2673198
  • Saiz, A., & Zoido, E. (2005). Listening to what the world says: Bilingualism and earnings in the United States. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(3), 523-538.
  • Sander, W. (2001). Chicago public schools and student achievement. Urban Education, 36(1), 27-38.
  • Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage.
  • Şimşek, H. (2010). Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki lise öğrencilerinin sosyal bütünleşme düzeyleri ve gelecek beklentileri. 109K300 Nolu Proje Raporu. Ankara: TÜBİTAK.
  • Şimşek, H. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinde okulu bırakma nedenleri ve eğilimleri. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 27-47.
  • Şimşek, H., & Şahin, S. (2012). İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinde okulu bırakma eğilimi ve nedenleri (Şanlıurfa İli Örneği). Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 41-72.
  • Şimşek, H., & Yıldırım, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Tamer, M. G. (2014). Trabzon ili genel liselerde okulu terk nedenlerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Education, 3(2), 16-37.
  • Taş, A., Selvitopu, A., Bora, V., & Demirkaya, Y. (2013). Meslek lisesi öğrencilerinin okul terk nedenleri. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(3), 1551-1566.
  • Taşpınar, M. (2012). Eğitim ve Ekonomi. Eğitim Bilimine Giriş. Ankara: Elhan.
  • Uysal, A. (2007). Ortaöğretimde okulu bırakma olgusunun sosyolojik analizi: Kütahya örneği (105K149 Nolu Proje Raporu). Ankara: Tübitak.
  • Uysal, A. (2008). Okulu bırakma sorunu üzerine tartışmalar: çevresel faktörler. Milli Eğitim, 178, 139-150.
  • Uysal, A., & Şahin, Y. (2007). Ortaöğretimde Okulu Bırakma Olgusunu Tetikleyen Yapısal/Çevresel Faktörler. 16. Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Tokat-Türkiye.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. London: Sage.
  • Yorğun, A. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinde okul terki riskinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Zorbaz, O. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin okul terk risklerini etkileyen öğrenci ve okul düzeyindeki faktörler. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.

Ortaöğretimde Okul Terkinin Bireysel ve Kurumsal Nedenleri

Year 2019, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 1047 - 1057, 15.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2540

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin okul
terkine ilişkin gerekçeleri üreten bireysel ve kurumsal faktörleri ortaya
çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada iç içe geçmiş durum deseni nitel araştırma yöntemi
olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu daha önce okulu terk etmiş
2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılı Şanlıurfa ili ve merkez ilçelerinde açık liseye
devam eden 30 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bireysel
faktörler içerisinde öğrencinin fiziksel ve psikolojik sorunları,
başarısızlıkları, öğretmen değişimi, okula karşı olumsuz tutum ve değerler,
devamsızlık ve düşük eğitsel performansın; kurumsal faktörler içerisinde aile
yapısı, aile içi uygulamalar, aile kaynakları, öğrencinin terk ettiği okulun
bileşimi, yapısı, uygulama ve kaynakları ile akranların okul terkinde etkili
olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Alliance for Excellent Education (AEE). (2007). Hidden benefits: The impact of high school graduation on household wealth. Retrieved January 2, 2011, from http://www.all4ed.org/files/hiddenbenefits.pdf
  • American Psychological Association. (2012). Facing the school dropout dilemma. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved August 10, 2017 from http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/school-dropout-prevention.aspx
  • Astone, N. M., & McLanahan, S. S. (1991). Family structure, parental practices and high school completion. American sociological review, 56(3), 309-320.
  • Battin-Pearson, S., Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Hill, K. G., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, J. D. (2000). Predictors of early high school dropout: A test of five theories. Journal of educational psychology, 92(3), 568-582.
  • Bayhan, G., & Dalgıç, G. (2012). Liseyi terk eden öğrencilerin tecrübelerine göre okul terki. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergi-si, 13(3), 107-130.
  • Boyacı, A., Karacabey, M. F., & Öz, Y. (2018). Organizational problems challenging the capacity of open vocational high schools in dealing with the school dropouts. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 9(1), 1-25. doi: 10.17569/tojqi.358362
  • Bryk, A. S., & Thum, Y. M. (1989). The effects of high school organization on dropping out: An exploratory investigation. American Educational research journal, 26(3), 353-383.
  • Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., Ferguson, L. L., & Gariepy, J. L. (1989). Growth and aggression: I. Childhood to early adolescence. Developmental psychology, 25(2), 320-330.
  • Carbonaro, W. J. (1999). Opening the debate on closure and schooling outcomes: Comment on Morgan and Sørensen. American Socio-logical Review, 64(5), 682-686.
  • Crane, J. (1991). The epidemic theory of ghettos and neighborhood effects on dropping out and teenage childbearing. American journal of Sociology, 96(5), 1226-1259.
  • Croninger, R. G., & Lee, V. E. (2001). Social capital and dropping out of high school: Benefits to at-risk students of teachers' support and guidance. Teachers college record, 103(4), 548-581.
  • Denscombe, M. (2007). The good research guide. New York: Open University Press.
  • Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109-132.
  • Ekstrom, R. B., Goertz, M. E., Pollack, J. M., & Rock, D. A. (1986). Who drops out of high school and why? Findings from a national study. Teachers College Record. 87, 356-373.
  • Fagan, J., & Pabon, E. (1990). Contributions of delinquency and substance use to school dropout among inner-city youths. Youth & Society, 21(3), 306-354.
  • Fernandez, R. M., Paulsen, R., & Hirano-Nakanishi, M. (1989). Dropping out among Hispanic youth. Social Science Research, 18(1), 21-52.
  • Gamoran, A. (1992). The variable effects of high school tracking. American Sociological Review, 57(6), 812-828.
  • Gaviria, A., & Raphael, S. (2001). School-based peer effects and juvenile behavior. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(2), 257-268.
  • Gökşen, F., Cemalcılar, Z., & Gülselel, F. (2006). Türkiye’de ilköğretim okullarında okulu terk ve izlenmesi ile önlenmesine yönelik politikalar. İstanbul: AÇEV.
  • Grogger, J. (1997). Local violence and educational attainment. Journal of human resources, 32(4), 659-682.
  • Kahlenberg, R. D. (2001). Learning from James Coleman. Public Interest, 144, 54-72.
  • Kaplan, D. S. & Peck, B. M. (1997). Decomposing the academic failure-dropout relationship: a longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Educational Research, 90, 331-343.
  • Kronick, R. F. (1994). The imperative of dealing with dropouts: theory, practice and reform. Education, 114(4), 530-538.
  • Lee, V. E., & Bryk, A. S. (1989). A multilevel model of the social distribution of high school achievement. Sociology of education, 62(3), 172-192.
  • McNeal Jr, R. B. (1997). Are students being pulled out of high school? The effect of adolescent employment on dropping out. Sociolo-gy of Education, 70(3), 206-220.
  • MDESE (Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education). (2014). The Impact of Dropping Out: Summary of Research Findings and References. Retrieved 29 September, 2017 from http://www.doe.mass.edu/dropout/2014-05ImpactSummary.pdf.
  • MEB. (2012). MEB İstatistikleri-Örgün Eğitim 2011-2012. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. London: Sage.
  • Öğülmüş, S. (2013). Ortaöğretimde sınıf tekrarı, okul terk sebepleri ve örgün eğitim dışında kalan çocuklar politika önerileri raporu. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Özer, A., Gençtanırım, D. & Ergene, T. (2011). Türk lise öğrencilerinde okul terkinin yordanması: Aracı ve etkileşim değişkenleri ile bir model testi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(161), 302-318.
  • Pong, S. L., & Ju, D. B. (2000). The effects of change in family structure and income on dropping out of middle and high school. Journal of Family Issues, 21(2), 147-169.
  • Pribesh, S., & Downey, D. B. (1999). Why are residential and school moves associated with poor school performance? Demography, 36(4), 521-534.
  • Ream, R. K. (2005). Toward understanding how social capital mediates the impact of mobility on Mexican American achievement. Social forces, 84(1), 201-224.
  • Rumberger, R. W. (1987). High school dropouts: A review of issues and evidence. Review of Educational Research, 57, 101-121.
  • Rumberger, R. W. (1995). Dropping out of middle school: A multilevel analysis of students and schools. American educational Re-search journal, 32(3), 583-625.
  • Rumberger, R. W., & Palardy, G. J. (2005). Test scores, dropout rates, and transfer rates as alternative indicators of high school per-formance. American educational research journal, 42(1), 3-42.
  • Rumberger, R., & Thomas, S. (2000). The Distribution of Dropout and Turnover Rates among Urban and Suburban High Schools. Sociology of Education, 73(1), 39-67. doi:10.2307/2673198
  • Saiz, A., & Zoido, E. (2005). Listening to what the world says: Bilingualism and earnings in the United States. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(3), 523-538.
  • Sander, W. (2001). Chicago public schools and student achievement. Urban Education, 36(1), 27-38.
  • Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. The Sage handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage.
  • Şimşek, H. (2010). Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki lise öğrencilerinin sosyal bütünleşme düzeyleri ve gelecek beklentileri. 109K300 Nolu Proje Raporu. Ankara: TÜBİTAK.
  • Şimşek, H. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinde okulu bırakma nedenleri ve eğilimleri. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 27-47.
  • Şimşek, H., & Şahin, S. (2012). İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinde okulu bırakma eğilimi ve nedenleri (Şanlıurfa İli Örneği). Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 41-72.
  • Şimşek, H., & Yıldırım, A. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
  • Tamer, M. G. (2014). Trabzon ili genel liselerde okulu terk nedenlerinin belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Education, 3(2), 16-37.
  • Taş, A., Selvitopu, A., Bora, V., & Demirkaya, Y. (2013). Meslek lisesi öğrencilerinin okul terk nedenleri. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(3), 1551-1566.
  • Taşpınar, M. (2012). Eğitim ve Ekonomi. Eğitim Bilimine Giriş. Ankara: Elhan.
  • Uysal, A. (2007). Ortaöğretimde okulu bırakma olgusunun sosyolojik analizi: Kütahya örneği (105K149 Nolu Proje Raporu). Ankara: Tübitak.
  • Uysal, A. (2008). Okulu bırakma sorunu üzerine tartışmalar: çevresel faktörler. Milli Eğitim, 178, 139-150.
  • Uysal, A., & Şahin, Y. (2007). Ortaöğretimde Okulu Bırakma Olgusunu Tetikleyen Yapısal/Çevresel Faktörler. 16. Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi, Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Tokat-Türkiye.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. London: Sage.
  • Yorğun, A. (2014). Lise öğrencilerinde okul terki riskinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Zorbaz, O. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin okul terk risklerini etkileyen öğrenci ve okul düzeyindeki faktörler. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Mehmet Fatih Karacabey This is me 0000-0002-1874-8733

Adnan Boyacı 0000-0003-4389-1926

Publication Date May 15, 2019
Acceptance Date June 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 27 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Karacabey, M. F., & Boyacı, A. (2019). Individual and Institutional Factors Contributing to School Dropouts. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(3), 1047-1057. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2540

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