Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Role of Smart Governance Applications in Smart Cities from a Sustainability Perspective and Impact on Human Development

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, 174 - 194, 27.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1501778

Abstract

The continued growth of the total urban population has created the need for more productive use of available resources. To achieve this, the concept of the "smart city", in which technology is used effectively, has recently come to prominence. Effective management of ecological, socio-cultural and economic parameters has become vital within the context of the "smart city". Smart governance which effectively fulfills the demands of the smart city, not only represents an effective management opportunity, but also plays an important role in a city's sustainability and human development, employing various applications. This study aims to evaluate the role of smart governance practices in smart cities in terms of sustainability and its impact on human development. There is an examination of five smart governance applications (e-municipality, smart grid, geographical information systems, smart transportation management systems and social media platforms) in terms of their ecological, socio-cultural and economic impacts, these being the three dimensions of sustainability. The e-municipality application, for instance, eliminates the requirement that citizens physically attend service institutions, thus saving fuel and time. The smart grid application allows cities to effectively monitor and manage their ever-increasing energy needs. Geographic information systems provide infrastructure for online applications and facilitates the creation of a healthy city plan, while smart transportation management systems help citizens travel easily and quickly. Finally, there is a focus on social media platforms, as these can help foster a transparent communication channel between citizens and local governments. These applications impact the sustainability of smart cities in terms of ecological, socio-cultural and economic dimensions as well as their human development.

References

  • Acılar, A. (2012). Küçük Şehir Belediyelerinde Web Sitesi ve E-Belediye Kullanımı: Bilecik Belediyesi Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 125-142.
  • Aditya, A., Anwarul, S., Tanwar, R. & Koneru, S.K.V. (2023). An IoT assisted Intelligent Parking System (IPS) for Smart Cities. Procedia Computer Science, 218, 1045-1054, ISSN 1877-0509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.084.
  • Ahad M.A., Paiva,S. Tripathi,G. & Feroz, N. (2020). Enabling technologies and sustainable smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102301.
  • Ahmad, I., Ahmad, I., Anyanwu, A.C., Onwusinkwue, S., Dawodu, S.O., Akagha, O.V. & Emuesiri Ejairu. (2024). Cybersecurity challenges in smart cities: A case revıew of African metropolises. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(2), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i2.756.
  • Alam, T. (2021). Cloud-Based IoT Applications and Their Roles in Smart Cities. Smart Cities, 4, 1196-1219, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4030064.
  • Almaiah, M.A., Jalil, M.A. & Man, M. (2016). Extending the TAM to examine the effects of quality features on mobile learning acceptance. J. Comput. Educ., 3, 453–485.
  • Alodali, M. F. B., Tuncer, A., Usta, S. & Halis, M. (2012). Yerel Yönetimlerde E-Belediyecilik Uygulamalari: Akdeniz Bölgesi Örneği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 83-95.
  • Alshehri, M. Drew, S. & AlGhamdi, R. (2013). Analysis of citizens acceptance for e-government services: Applying the UTAUT model. Presented to IADIS International Conferences Theory and Practice in Modern Computing and Internet Applications and Research, 69-76.
  • Arroub, A. Zahi, B., Sabir, E. & Sadik, M., (2016). A literature review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, opportunities and open problems. 2016 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM), 180–186.
  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G. & Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214, 481-518. 10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3.
  • Bhushan, B., Khamparia, A., Martin Sagayam, K., Kumar Sharma, S., Abdul Ahad, M. & C. Debnath, N. (2020). Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360.
  • Bilici, Z., & Babahanoğlu, V. (2019). Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Konya Örneği. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 9(2), 124-139.
  • Bojang, M.B.S. & Bwando, W. (2018). E-Municipality applications in local government: Prospects and challenges, 4th International Student Conference, Manisa, Turkey.
  • Bokolo Jnr, A. (2021). A case-based reasoning recommender system for Sustainable Smart City Development. AI & SOCIETY, 36(1), 159–183.
  • Bozkurt, A. (2023). Akıllı Kentlerde Dijital Yönetişim: E-Belediyecilik Uygulamaları. Urban 21 Journal, 1(1), 69-80.
  • Calvillo CF., Sanches-Miralles A. & Villar J. (2018). Synergies of Electric Urban Transport Systems and Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19 (8), 2445-2453.
  • Cao, Z., Guo, H., Song, W., Gao, K., Chen, Z., Zhang, L. & Zhang, X. (2020). Using Reinforcement Learning to Minimize the Probability of Delay Occurrence in Transportation. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 69, 2424–2436.
  • Cao, Z., Guo, H., Zhang, J., & Fastenrath, U. (2016). Multiagent-Based Route Guidance for Increasing the Chance of Arrival on Time. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v30i1.9893.
  • Chaudhuri, A. & Bozkus Kahyaoglu, S. (2023). Cybersecurity Assurance in Smart Cities: A Risk Management Perspectıve. Edpacs, 67(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366981.2023.2165293.
  • Chen, H., Yuan, L. & Jing, G. (2020). 5G Boosting Smart Cities Development. 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacture (AIAM), Manchester, United Kingdom, 154-157, doi: 10.1109/AIAM50918.2020.00038.
  • Chinnasamy, P., Vinothini, C., Arun Kumar, S., Allwyn Sundarraj, A., Annlin Jeba, S.V. & Praveena, V. (2021). Blockchain Technology in Smart-Cities, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_11.
  • Cosgrove, M. (2011). Smart Cities Series: Introducing The IBM City Operations And Management Solutions. IBM.
  • Cugurullo, F., Caprotti, F., Cook, M., Karvonen, A., MᶜGuirk, P., & Marvin, S. (2024). The rise of AI urbanism in post-smart cities: A critical commentary on urban artificial intelligence. Urban Studies, 61(6), 1168-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231203386.
  • Curiale, M. (2014). From smart grids to smart city. In Proceedings of the 2014 Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Conference, SASG, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 14–17 December 2014.
  • Çakır, C. (2015). E-belediye: sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1–15.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. (2019). 2020-2023 Ulusal Akıllı Şehirler Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı. https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf.
  • Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (2021). Akıllı Yönetişim Uygulama Rehberlik Klavuzu, https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/KapasiteGelistirme/Uygulama_Pdf/akilli_yonetisim_uygulama_rehberlik_klavuzu.pdf.
  • Demertzi V, Demertzis S, & Demertzis K. (2023). An Overview of Cyber Threats, Attacks and Countermeasures on the Primary Domains of Smart Cities. Applied Sciences, 13(2), 790, https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020790.
  • Demirkıran, S., Yücel, M. A., Terzioğlu, M. K. & Selvi, A. (2021). Dijital Dönüşüm Sürecinde Akıllı Yönetişim. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 8 (2), 489-519. DOI: 10.30626/tesamakademi.971899.
  • Dey, S., Saha, S., Singh, AK. & McDonald-Maier K. (2022) SmartNoshWaste: Using Blockchain, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and QR Code to Reduce Food Waste in Decentralized Web 3.0 Enabled Smart Cities. Smart Cities, 5(1):162-176. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010011.
  • Doru, Ö. & Balku, Y. (2023). Dijitalleşen kamu hizmetlerinde e-demokrasi ve vatandaşlık anlayışı: entropi temelli MABAC uygulaması ab ülkeleri örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 580-605. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1219211.
  • Dünya Çevre ve Kalkınma Komisyonu, (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Elkington, J. (1998). Partnerships from Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business?. Environmental Quality Management, 8:1, 37-51.
  • Eris, T. (2021). Akıllı Turizm Kapsamında İzmir’in Akıllı Turizm Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi: ‘Visitizmir’ ÖRNEĞİ. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 5(Özel Sayı), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.948257
  • Escolar, A.M., Wang, Q. & Calero, J.M.A. (2024). Enhancing honeynet-based protection with network slicing for massive Pre-6G IoT Smart Cities deployments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 229, 103918, ISSN 1084-8045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103918.
  • Fang, B., Yu, J., Chen, Z., Osman, A. I., Farghali, M., Ihara, I., Hamza E., Rooney, D.W. & Yap, P. S. (2023). Artificial intelligence for waste management in smart cities: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(4), 1959-1989.
  • Ghazal, T. M., Hasan, M. K., Alzoubi, H. M., Hmmadi, M. Al, Al-Dmour, N. A., Islam, S., Kamran, R. & Mago, B. (2022). Securing smart cities using blockchain technology, in 2022 1st International Conference on AI in Cybersecurity (ICAIC), 1–4, IEEE.
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J. & Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multidimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.002.
  • Guevara L. & Auat Cheein F. (2020). The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Sustainability, 12(16):6469, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166469.
  • Gül, A., & Çobanoğlu, Ş. (2017). Avrupa’da Akıllı Kent Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Çanakkale’nin Akıllı Kente Dönüşümünün Analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(Kayfor 15 Özel Sayısı), 1543-1565.
  • Gürcan, C., & Açıksöz, S. (2023). Akıllı Atık Yönetimi ve Örnek Uygulamalar. Kent Akademisi, 16(1), 577-594. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.881639.
  • Güzel, N , Özdemi̇r, Y & Özdemi̇r, Ş. (2019). Akıllı Ulaşım ve Akıllı Kasis Aydınlatma Projesinin Akıllı Ulaşım Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1 (2), 47-52. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/izufbed/issue/48402/550153.
  • Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J. & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations For Smarter Cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 4, 1-16.
  • Ho, L.C.J. & Taylor, M.E. (2007). An Empirical Analysis of Triple Bottom-Line Reporting and its Determinants: Evidence from the United States and Japan. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 18/2, 123-150.
  • Hırçın, F., & Demir, M. (2023). Akıllı Kent Donatıları Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Erzurum Kenti Örneği. Türkiye Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.51552/peyad.1284303
  • Ijiga, A.C., Peace, A.E, Idoko I, P, Ezebuka C.I., Harry K.D., Ukatu I.E.& Agbo, D.O. (2024). Technological innovations in mitigating winter health challenges in New York City, USA. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(01), 535–551.
  • İngev (2016). İnsani gelişme nedir? http://ingev.org/hakkimizda/insani-gelisme-nedir. Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2024.
  • Joo, Y. M. (2021). Developmentalist smart cities? The cases of Singapore and Seoul. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 27(sup1), 164–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2021.1925143
  • Kadiri, D., Pap, M. & Baletić, B. (2023). Smart Cities: London, Paris, Barcelona, Milan; Definitions and Strategies. Prostor, 31 (2(66)), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.31522/p.31.2(66).8
  • Kaginalkar, A., Kumar, S. Gargava, P. & Niyogi, D. (2021). Review of urban computing in air quality management as smart city service: An integrated IoT, AI, and cloud technology perspective. Urban Climate, 39, 100972, ISSN 2212-0955, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100972.
  • Kaygısız, Ü. & Aydın, S. (2017). Yönetişimde Yeni Bir Ufuk Olarak Akıllı Kentler. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9 (18), 56-81. DOI: 10.20875/makusobed.292381.
  • Khemakhem, S. & Krichen, L. (2024) A comprehensive survey on an IoT-based smart public street lighting system application for smart cities. Franklin Open, 100142, ISSN 2773-1863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100142.
  • Kızılaslan, N. & Karaömer, M. (2013). İnsani Gelişme Endeksinin Türkiye Açısından İncelenmesi, Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, (3), 47–58.
  • Küçükmanisa, A. & Karaca, A. C. (2023). Akıllı Şehirlerde Ulaşım Uygulamaları. Şura Akademi, (2), 73-82.
  • Labee, P., Rasouli, S. & Liao, F. (2022). The implications of Mobility as a Service for urban emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 102, 103128, ISSN 1361-9209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103128.
  • Lytras, M., Visvizi, A., Chopdar, P., Sarirete, A. & Alhalabi, W. (2020). Information Management in Smart Cities: Turning end users’ views into multi-item scale development, validation, and policy-making recommendations. International Journal of Information Management, 102146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102146.
  • Margret, M. K., & Julie, E. G. (2024). Smarter and resilient smart contracts applications for smart cities environment using blockchain technology. Automatika, 65(2), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2024.2307228
  • Mark, R. & Anya, G. (2019). Ethics of Using Smart City AI and Big Data: The Case of Four Large European Cities. The ORBIT Journal, 2, 2, 1-36, ISSN 2515-8562, https://doi.org/10.29297/orbit.v2i2.110.
  • Markavathi, J.N.P, & Kesavaraja D. (2021). Cloud/edge computing for smart cities. Blockchain for Smart Cities, Elsevier, 153-169, ISBN 9780128244463, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824446-3.00011-9.
  • McCluer, M. (2010). Cleantech 2009: Innovations, Opportunities, and Building Business. Dept. Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Washington, DC, USA, 2010.
  • Mellouli, S., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Zhang, J. (2014). Smart government, citizen participation and open data. Information Polity, 19(1, 2), 1-4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-140334.
  • Nikitas, A., Michalakopoulou, K., Njoya, E.T. & Karampatzakis, D. (2020). Artificial intelligence, transport and the smart city: Definitions and dimensions of a new mobility era. Sustainability, 12, 2789.
  • Nikolaeva, A. (2024). Smart Cities and (Smart) Cycling: Exploring the Synergies in Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Journal of Urban Technology, 31(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2024.2322007
  • Onungwa, I., Olugu-Uduma, N., & Shelden, D. R. (2021). Cloud BIM Technology as a Means of Collaboration and Project Integration in Smart Cities. Sage Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211033250
  • Öner, Ş., & Çam, B. (2022). Akıllı Kent Vizyonu ve Balıkesir Akıllı Kent Girişimleri. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(26), 1154-1187. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2022.047
  • Özışık Yapıcı, O. (2022). Akıllı Şehir Kapsamında Bursa’nın Akıllı Turizm Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi: GoBursa Örneği. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 5(1), 38-49.
  • Partigöç, N. S. (2023). Sürdürülebilir kentsel planlama süreçlerinde akıllı şehir yaklaşımının rolü. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, (3), 174–189.
  • Pandiyan, P., Saravanan, S., Kannadasan, R., Krishnaveni, S., Alsharif, M.H. & Kim, M.K. (2024). A comprehensive review of advancements in green IoT for smart grids: Paving the path to sustainability. Energy Reports, 11, 5504-5531, ISSN 2352-4847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.021.
  • Pereira, G.V., Luna-Reyes, L.F. & Gil-Garcia, J.R. (2020). Governance innovations, digital transformation and the generation of public value in Smart City initiatives. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Athens Greece, 23–25 September 2020, 602–608.
  • Qureshi K.N., Tayyab,M.Q., Rehman,S.U. & Jeon, G. (2020). An Interference Aware Energy Efficient Data Transmission Approach for Smart Cities Healthcare Systems. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102392.
  • Rezafar A. & Koramaz TK. (2014). Akıllı Kentin Sürdürülebilirlik Özelliği. Planlama, 24 (2), 64-66.
  • Saborido, R. & Alba, E. (2020). Software systems from smart city vendors. Cities, 101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102690.
  • Scholl, HJ. & Scholl, MC. (2014). Smart Governance: A Roadmap for Research and Practice. In the Proceedings of iConference 2014, 163-176. Berlin, Germany: iSchools. Retrieved April 12, 201 from: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/47408/060_ready.pdf?sequence=2.
  • Schröder,P., Lemille, A. & Desmond, P. (2020). Making the circular economy work for human development.Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 156, 104686, ISSN 0921-3449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104686.
  • Söylemez, A. (2018). Akıllı Kentlerde Atık Yönetimi ve Dünya’dan Akıllı Atık Yönetimi Üzerine Örnekler. Yasama Dergisi, (37), 87-100. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yasamadergisi/issue/54462/741323.
  • Şengül, R., & Yüksel Altıntaş, H. (2020). Akıllı Kentin Bir Bileşeni Olarak Akıllı Ulaşım Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi: Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi Örneği. Uluslararası Kültürel Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(2), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.46442/intjcss.716124
  • Taç, Ş. (2018). Karayolu Ulaşımında Meydana Gelen Trafik Kazalarının Önlenmesinde Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Etkisi. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1 (2), 12-21. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jitsa/issue/39569/462855.
  • Tektaş M., Korkmaz K., & Erdal H. (2016). Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Geleceği Ekonomik ve Çevresel Faydaları. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 561-577.
  • Testoni, C. & Boeri, A. (2015). Smart Governance: Urban Regeneration and Integration Policies in Europe. Turin and Malmö Case Studies. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6(3), 527-533.
  • Traboulsi, S. & Uckelmann, D. (2024). Enhancing Municipal Fleet Management in Smart Cities Through 5G Integration. In: Auer, M.E., Langmann, R., May, D., Roos, K. (eds) Smart Technologies for a Sustainable Future, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1028, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61905-2_7.
  • Uçar, A., Sühal Ş. & Nilüfer N. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Türkiye’deki Yansımaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, C. 22, Kayfor Özel Sayısı, 1785-1798.
  • Uzer, O., & Özaslan, A. (2023). Bursa ve Antalya’nın akıllı kentiçi ulaşım denemeleri. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 6(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.51513/jitsa.1257238
  • UNDP (2019). 2019 İnsani Gelişme Raporu: 21. Yüzyılda İnsani Gelişmedeki Eşitsizlikler. www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home.html. Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2024.
  • Web-1 https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/population Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2024.
  • Web-2 https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2024.
  • Web -3 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755&dil=1 Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2024.
  • Web -4 https://uncrd.un.org/sites/uncrd.un.org//files/smart-city-training-material_1_smart-cities.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2024.
  • Web -5 https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/tr/UNDP-TR-TECHNICAL-NOTES-PHDI-TR.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2024.
  • Winkler, R., Deller, S. & Marcouiller, D. (2015). Recreational Housing and Community Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach, Growth and Change, 46/3, 481-500.
  • Winkowska, J., Szpilko, D. & Pejić, S., (2019). Smart City Concept in the Light of the Literature Review. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 11(2), 70–86.
  • Wolniak, R. & Stecuła, K. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities—Applications, Barriers, and Future Directions: A Review. Smart Cities, 7(3), 1346-1389, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7030057.
  • Xu, Y. & Zhao, F. (2023) Impact of Energy Depletion, Human Development, and Income Distribution on Natural Resource Sustainability. Resources Policy, Volume 83, 103531, ISSN 0301-4207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103531.
  • Yaman, M & Çakır, E. (2018). Dijitalleşen Dünyada Akıllı Afet ve Acil Durum Uygulamaları. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (2), 1124-1138. DOI: 10.15869/itobiad.399043.
  • Yang, Z., Hu, D., Guo, Q., Zuo, L. & Ji, W. (2023). Visual E2C: AI-Driven Visual End-Edge-Cloud Architecture for 6G in Low-Carbon Smart Cities. In IEEE Wireless Communications, 30, 3, 204-210, June 2023, doi: 10.1109/MWC.019.2200518.

Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifinde Akıllı Kentlerde Akıllı Yönetişim Uygulamalarının Rolü ve İnsani Gelişime Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, 174 - 194, 27.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1501778

Abstract

Giderek artan kent nüfusu, kaynakların verimli kullanılmasını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bunu sağlamak için ise teknolojinin etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı “akıllı kent” kavramı günümüzde önem kazanmıştır. Akıllı kent kapsamında ekolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik parametrelerin etkin yönetimi kentler için artık bir ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir. Akıllı kentlerde bu yönetim ihtiyacını karşılayan akıllı yönetişim hem etkin bir yönetim fırsatı sunmakta, hem de uygulamaları ile kentlerin sürdürülebilirliği ve insani gelişimi açısından da önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilirlik açısından akıllı yönetişim uygulamalarının akıllı kentlerdeki rolünün ve insani gelişime olan etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında birer akıllı yönetişim uygulamaları olan e-belediye, akıllı şebeke, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, akıllı ulaşım yönetim sistemleri ve sosyal medya platformları incelenmiş ve sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu olan ekolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik açılardan incelenmiştir. Buna göre vatandaşların çoğu hizmet tiplerinde kurumlara fiziki gidiş zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırdığı, dolayısıyla sağlanan yakıt ve zaman tasarrufu nedeniyle e – belediye uygulaması, kentlerin her geçen gün artan enerji ihtiyaçlarını etkin bir şekilde izleyip yönetilmesini sağlayan akıllı şebeke uygulaması, kentlerin sağlıklı bir şehir planı oluşturulmasına imkân tanıyan ve çevrimiçi uygulamalara altyapı sunan coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, vatandaşların daha rahat ve hızlı yolculuk yapmasına olanak tanıyan akıllı ulaşım yönetim sistemleri, son olarak vatandaşlar ve yerel yönetim arasında şeffaf bir iletişim kanalı kurulmasında önemli bir rol oynayan sosyal medya platformları ekolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik açıdan akıllı kentlerin sürdürülebilirliğini ve insani gelişimini etkilemektedir.

References

  • Acılar, A. (2012). Küçük Şehir Belediyelerinde Web Sitesi ve E-Belediye Kullanımı: Bilecik Belediyesi Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 125-142.
  • Aditya, A., Anwarul, S., Tanwar, R. & Koneru, S.K.V. (2023). An IoT assisted Intelligent Parking System (IPS) for Smart Cities. Procedia Computer Science, 218, 1045-1054, ISSN 1877-0509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.084.
  • Ahad M.A., Paiva,S. Tripathi,G. & Feroz, N. (2020). Enabling technologies and sustainable smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102301.
  • Ahmad, I., Ahmad, I., Anyanwu, A.C., Onwusinkwue, S., Dawodu, S.O., Akagha, O.V. & Emuesiri Ejairu. (2024). Cybersecurity challenges in smart cities: A case revıew of African metropolises. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(2), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i2.756.
  • Alam, T. (2021). Cloud-Based IoT Applications and Their Roles in Smart Cities. Smart Cities, 4, 1196-1219, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4030064.
  • Almaiah, M.A., Jalil, M.A. & Man, M. (2016). Extending the TAM to examine the effects of quality features on mobile learning acceptance. J. Comput. Educ., 3, 453–485.
  • Alodali, M. F. B., Tuncer, A., Usta, S. & Halis, M. (2012). Yerel Yönetimlerde E-Belediyecilik Uygulamalari: Akdeniz Bölgesi Örneği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 83-95.
  • Alshehri, M. Drew, S. & AlGhamdi, R. (2013). Analysis of citizens acceptance for e-government services: Applying the UTAUT model. Presented to IADIS International Conferences Theory and Practice in Modern Computing and Internet Applications and Research, 69-76.
  • Arroub, A. Zahi, B., Sabir, E. & Sadik, M., (2016). A literature review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, opportunities and open problems. 2016 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM), 180–186.
  • Batty, M., Axhausen, K., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., Ouzounis, G. & Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214, 481-518. 10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3.
  • Bhushan, B., Khamparia, A., Martin Sagayam, K., Kumar Sharma, S., Abdul Ahad, M. & C. Debnath, N. (2020). Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360.
  • Bilici, Z., & Babahanoğlu, V. (2019). Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Konya Örneği. Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 9(2), 124-139.
  • Bojang, M.B.S. & Bwando, W. (2018). E-Municipality applications in local government: Prospects and challenges, 4th International Student Conference, Manisa, Turkey.
  • Bokolo Jnr, A. (2021). A case-based reasoning recommender system for Sustainable Smart City Development. AI & SOCIETY, 36(1), 159–183.
  • Bozkurt, A. (2023). Akıllı Kentlerde Dijital Yönetişim: E-Belediyecilik Uygulamaları. Urban 21 Journal, 1(1), 69-80.
  • Calvillo CF., Sanches-Miralles A. & Villar J. (2018). Synergies of Electric Urban Transport Systems and Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19 (8), 2445-2453.
  • Cao, Z., Guo, H., Song, W., Gao, K., Chen, Z., Zhang, L. & Zhang, X. (2020). Using Reinforcement Learning to Minimize the Probability of Delay Occurrence in Transportation. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 69, 2424–2436.
  • Cao, Z., Guo, H., Zhang, J., & Fastenrath, U. (2016). Multiagent-Based Route Guidance for Increasing the Chance of Arrival on Time. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v30i1.9893.
  • Chaudhuri, A. & Bozkus Kahyaoglu, S. (2023). Cybersecurity Assurance in Smart Cities: A Risk Management Perspectıve. Edpacs, 67(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366981.2023.2165293.
  • Chen, H., Yuan, L. & Jing, G. (2020). 5G Boosting Smart Cities Development. 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacture (AIAM), Manchester, United Kingdom, 154-157, doi: 10.1109/AIAM50918.2020.00038.
  • Chinnasamy, P., Vinothini, C., Arun Kumar, S., Allwyn Sundarraj, A., Annlin Jeba, S.V. & Praveena, V. (2021). Blockchain Technology in Smart-Cities, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_11.
  • Cosgrove, M. (2011). Smart Cities Series: Introducing The IBM City Operations And Management Solutions. IBM.
  • Cugurullo, F., Caprotti, F., Cook, M., Karvonen, A., MᶜGuirk, P., & Marvin, S. (2024). The rise of AI urbanism in post-smart cities: A critical commentary on urban artificial intelligence. Urban Studies, 61(6), 1168-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231203386.
  • Curiale, M. (2014). From smart grids to smart city. In Proceedings of the 2014 Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Conference, SASG, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 14–17 December 2014.
  • Çakır, C. (2015). E-belediye: sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1–15.
  • Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. (2019). 2020-2023 Ulusal Akıllı Şehirler Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı. https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf.
  • Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. (2021). Akıllı Yönetişim Uygulama Rehberlik Klavuzu, https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/KapasiteGelistirme/Uygulama_Pdf/akilli_yonetisim_uygulama_rehberlik_klavuzu.pdf.
  • Demertzi V, Demertzis S, & Demertzis K. (2023). An Overview of Cyber Threats, Attacks and Countermeasures on the Primary Domains of Smart Cities. Applied Sciences, 13(2), 790, https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020790.
  • Demirkıran, S., Yücel, M. A., Terzioğlu, M. K. & Selvi, A. (2021). Dijital Dönüşüm Sürecinde Akıllı Yönetişim. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 8 (2), 489-519. DOI: 10.30626/tesamakademi.971899.
  • Dey, S., Saha, S., Singh, AK. & McDonald-Maier K. (2022) SmartNoshWaste: Using Blockchain, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and QR Code to Reduce Food Waste in Decentralized Web 3.0 Enabled Smart Cities. Smart Cities, 5(1):162-176. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010011.
  • Doru, Ö. & Balku, Y. (2023). Dijitalleşen kamu hizmetlerinde e-demokrasi ve vatandaşlık anlayışı: entropi temelli MABAC uygulaması ab ülkeleri örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 580-605. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1219211.
  • Dünya Çevre ve Kalkınma Komisyonu, (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Elkington, J. (1998). Partnerships from Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business?. Environmental Quality Management, 8:1, 37-51.
  • Eris, T. (2021). Akıllı Turizm Kapsamında İzmir’in Akıllı Turizm Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi: ‘Visitizmir’ ÖRNEĞİ. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 5(Özel Sayı), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.948257
  • Escolar, A.M., Wang, Q. & Calero, J.M.A. (2024). Enhancing honeynet-based protection with network slicing for massive Pre-6G IoT Smart Cities deployments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 229, 103918, ISSN 1084-8045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103918.
  • Fang, B., Yu, J., Chen, Z., Osman, A. I., Farghali, M., Ihara, I., Hamza E., Rooney, D.W. & Yap, P. S. (2023). Artificial intelligence for waste management in smart cities: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(4), 1959-1989.
  • Ghazal, T. M., Hasan, M. K., Alzoubi, H. M., Hmmadi, M. Al, Al-Dmour, N. A., Islam, S., Kamran, R. & Mago, B. (2022). Securing smart cities using blockchain technology, in 2022 1st International Conference on AI in Cybersecurity (ICAIC), 1–4, IEEE.
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, J. & Puron-Cid, G. (2016). Conceptualizing smartness in government: An integrative and multidimensional view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 524-534. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.03.002.
  • Guevara L. & Auat Cheein F. (2020). The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Sustainability, 12(16):6469, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166469.
  • Gül, A., & Çobanoğlu, Ş. (2017). Avrupa’da Akıllı Kent Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Çanakkale’nin Akıllı Kente Dönüşümünün Analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(Kayfor 15 Özel Sayısı), 1543-1565.
  • Gürcan, C., & Açıksöz, S. (2023). Akıllı Atık Yönetimi ve Örnek Uygulamalar. Kent Akademisi, 16(1), 577-594. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.881639.
  • Güzel, N , Özdemi̇r, Y & Özdemi̇r, Ş. (2019). Akıllı Ulaşım ve Akıllı Kasis Aydınlatma Projesinin Akıllı Ulaşım Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1 (2), 47-52. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/izufbed/issue/48402/550153.
  • Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J. & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations For Smarter Cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 4, 1-16.
  • Ho, L.C.J. & Taylor, M.E. (2007). An Empirical Analysis of Triple Bottom-Line Reporting and its Determinants: Evidence from the United States and Japan. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 18/2, 123-150.
  • Hırçın, F., & Demir, M. (2023). Akıllı Kent Donatıları Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Erzurum Kenti Örneği. Türkiye Peyzaj Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.51552/peyad.1284303
  • Ijiga, A.C., Peace, A.E, Idoko I, P, Ezebuka C.I., Harry K.D., Ukatu I.E.& Agbo, D.O. (2024). Technological innovations in mitigating winter health challenges in New York City, USA. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(01), 535–551.
  • İngev (2016). İnsani gelişme nedir? http://ingev.org/hakkimizda/insani-gelisme-nedir. Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2024.
  • Joo, Y. M. (2021). Developmentalist smart cities? The cases of Singapore and Seoul. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 27(sup1), 164–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2021.1925143
  • Kadiri, D., Pap, M. & Baletić, B. (2023). Smart Cities: London, Paris, Barcelona, Milan; Definitions and Strategies. Prostor, 31 (2(66)), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.31522/p.31.2(66).8
  • Kaginalkar, A., Kumar, S. Gargava, P. & Niyogi, D. (2021). Review of urban computing in air quality management as smart city service: An integrated IoT, AI, and cloud technology perspective. Urban Climate, 39, 100972, ISSN 2212-0955, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100972.
  • Kaygısız, Ü. & Aydın, S. (2017). Yönetişimde Yeni Bir Ufuk Olarak Akıllı Kentler. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9 (18), 56-81. DOI: 10.20875/makusobed.292381.
  • Khemakhem, S. & Krichen, L. (2024) A comprehensive survey on an IoT-based smart public street lighting system application for smart cities. Franklin Open, 100142, ISSN 2773-1863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100142.
  • Kızılaslan, N. & Karaömer, M. (2013). İnsani Gelişme Endeksinin Türkiye Açısından İncelenmesi, Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, (3), 47–58.
  • Küçükmanisa, A. & Karaca, A. C. (2023). Akıllı Şehirlerde Ulaşım Uygulamaları. Şura Akademi, (2), 73-82.
  • Labee, P., Rasouli, S. & Liao, F. (2022). The implications of Mobility as a Service for urban emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 102, 103128, ISSN 1361-9209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103128.
  • Lytras, M., Visvizi, A., Chopdar, P., Sarirete, A. & Alhalabi, W. (2020). Information Management in Smart Cities: Turning end users’ views into multi-item scale development, validation, and policy-making recommendations. International Journal of Information Management, 102146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102146.
  • Margret, M. K., & Julie, E. G. (2024). Smarter and resilient smart contracts applications for smart cities environment using blockchain technology. Automatika, 65(2), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2024.2307228
  • Mark, R. & Anya, G. (2019). Ethics of Using Smart City AI and Big Data: The Case of Four Large European Cities. The ORBIT Journal, 2, 2, 1-36, ISSN 2515-8562, https://doi.org/10.29297/orbit.v2i2.110.
  • Markavathi, J.N.P, & Kesavaraja D. (2021). Cloud/edge computing for smart cities. Blockchain for Smart Cities, Elsevier, 153-169, ISBN 9780128244463, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824446-3.00011-9.
  • McCluer, M. (2010). Cleantech 2009: Innovations, Opportunities, and Building Business. Dept. Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Washington, DC, USA, 2010.
  • Mellouli, S., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Zhang, J. (2014). Smart government, citizen participation and open data. Information Polity, 19(1, 2), 1-4. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-140334.
  • Nikitas, A., Michalakopoulou, K., Njoya, E.T. & Karampatzakis, D. (2020). Artificial intelligence, transport and the smart city: Definitions and dimensions of a new mobility era. Sustainability, 12, 2789.
  • Nikolaeva, A. (2024). Smart Cities and (Smart) Cycling: Exploring the Synergies in Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Journal of Urban Technology, 31(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2024.2322007
  • Onungwa, I., Olugu-Uduma, N., & Shelden, D. R. (2021). Cloud BIM Technology as a Means of Collaboration and Project Integration in Smart Cities. Sage Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211033250
  • Öner, Ş., & Çam, B. (2022). Akıllı Kent Vizyonu ve Balıkesir Akıllı Kent Girişimleri. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(26), 1154-1187. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2022.047
  • Özışık Yapıcı, O. (2022). Akıllı Şehir Kapsamında Bursa’nın Akıllı Turizm Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi: GoBursa Örneği. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 5(1), 38-49.
  • Partigöç, N. S. (2023). Sürdürülebilir kentsel planlama süreçlerinde akıllı şehir yaklaşımının rolü. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, (3), 174–189.
  • Pandiyan, P., Saravanan, S., Kannadasan, R., Krishnaveni, S., Alsharif, M.H. & Kim, M.K. (2024). A comprehensive review of advancements in green IoT for smart grids: Paving the path to sustainability. Energy Reports, 11, 5504-5531, ISSN 2352-4847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.021.
  • Pereira, G.V., Luna-Reyes, L.F. & Gil-Garcia, J.R. (2020). Governance innovations, digital transformation and the generation of public value in Smart City initiatives. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Athens Greece, 23–25 September 2020, 602–608.
  • Qureshi K.N., Tayyab,M.Q., Rehman,S.U. & Jeon, G. (2020). An Interference Aware Energy Efficient Data Transmission Approach for Smart Cities Healthcare Systems. Sustainable Cities and Society, 102392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102392.
  • Rezafar A. & Koramaz TK. (2014). Akıllı Kentin Sürdürülebilirlik Özelliği. Planlama, 24 (2), 64-66.
  • Saborido, R. & Alba, E. (2020). Software systems from smart city vendors. Cities, 101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102690.
  • Scholl, HJ. & Scholl, MC. (2014). Smart Governance: A Roadmap for Research and Practice. In the Proceedings of iConference 2014, 163-176. Berlin, Germany: iSchools. Retrieved April 12, 201 from: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/47408/060_ready.pdf?sequence=2.
  • Schröder,P., Lemille, A. & Desmond, P. (2020). Making the circular economy work for human development.Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 156, 104686, ISSN 0921-3449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104686.
  • Söylemez, A. (2018). Akıllı Kentlerde Atık Yönetimi ve Dünya’dan Akıllı Atık Yönetimi Üzerine Örnekler. Yasama Dergisi, (37), 87-100. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yasamadergisi/issue/54462/741323.
  • Şengül, R., & Yüksel Altıntaş, H. (2020). Akıllı Kentin Bir Bileşeni Olarak Akıllı Ulaşım Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi: Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi Örneği. Uluslararası Kültürel Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(2), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.46442/intjcss.716124
  • Taç, Ş. (2018). Karayolu Ulaşımında Meydana Gelen Trafik Kazalarının Önlenmesinde Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Etkisi. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1 (2), 12-21. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jitsa/issue/39569/462855.
  • Tektaş M., Korkmaz K., & Erdal H. (2016). Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemlerinin Geleceği Ekonomik ve Çevresel Faydaları. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 561-577.
  • Testoni, C. & Boeri, A. (2015). Smart Governance: Urban Regeneration and Integration Policies in Europe. Turin and Malmö Case Studies. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6(3), 527-533.
  • Traboulsi, S. & Uckelmann, D. (2024). Enhancing Municipal Fleet Management in Smart Cities Through 5G Integration. In: Auer, M.E., Langmann, R., May, D., Roos, K. (eds) Smart Technologies for a Sustainable Future, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1028, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61905-2_7.
  • Uçar, A., Sühal Ş. & Nilüfer N. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Türkiye’deki Yansımaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, C. 22, Kayfor Özel Sayısı, 1785-1798.
  • Uzer, O., & Özaslan, A. (2023). Bursa ve Antalya’nın akıllı kentiçi ulaşım denemeleri. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 6(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.51513/jitsa.1257238
  • UNDP (2019). 2019 İnsani Gelişme Raporu: 21. Yüzyılda İnsani Gelişmedeki Eşitsizlikler. www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home.html. Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2024.
  • Web-1 https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/population Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2024.
  • Web-2 https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2024.
  • Web -3 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755&dil=1 Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2024.
  • Web -4 https://uncrd.un.org/sites/uncrd.un.org//files/smart-city-training-material_1_smart-cities.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2024.
  • Web -5 https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/tr/UNDP-TR-TECHNICAL-NOTES-PHDI-TR.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 29.06.2024.
  • Winkler, R., Deller, S. & Marcouiller, D. (2015). Recreational Housing and Community Development: A Triple Bottom Line Approach, Growth and Change, 46/3, 481-500.
  • Winkowska, J., Szpilko, D. & Pejić, S., (2019). Smart City Concept in the Light of the Literature Review. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 11(2), 70–86.
  • Wolniak, R. & Stecuła, K. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities—Applications, Barriers, and Future Directions: A Review. Smart Cities, 7(3), 1346-1389, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7030057.
  • Xu, Y. & Zhao, F. (2023) Impact of Energy Depletion, Human Development, and Income Distribution on Natural Resource Sustainability. Resources Policy, Volume 83, 103531, ISSN 0301-4207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103531.
  • Yaman, M & Çakır, E. (2018). Dijitalleşen Dünyada Akıllı Afet ve Acil Durum Uygulamaları. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (2), 1124-1138. DOI: 10.15869/itobiad.399043.
  • Yang, Z., Hu, D., Guo, Q., Zuo, L. & Ji, W. (2023). Visual E2C: AI-Driven Visual End-Edge-Cloud Architecture for 6G in Low-Carbon Smart Cities. In IEEE Wireless Communications, 30, 3, 204-210, June 2023, doi: 10.1109/MWC.019.2200518.
There are 94 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Urbanization Policies
Journal Section All Articles
Authors

Haluk Gökşen 0000-0002-9600-6348

Publication Date October 27, 2024
Submission Date June 15, 2024
Acceptance Date October 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent

Cite

APA Gökşen, H. (2024). Sürdürülebilirlik Perspektifinde Akıllı Kentlerde Akıllı Yönetişim Uygulamalarının Rolü ve İnsani Gelişime Etkisi. Kent Akademisi, 17(Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent), 174-194. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1501778

International Refereed and Indexed Journal of Urban Culture and Management | Kent Kültürü ve Yönetimi Uluslararası Hakemli İndeksli Dergi
Information, Communication, Culture, Art and Media Services (ICAM Network) | www.icamnetwork.net
Address: Ahmet Emin Fidan Culture and Research Center, Evkaf Neigh. No: 34 Fatsa Ordu
Tel: +90452 310 20 30 Faks: +90452 310 20 30 | E-Mail: (int): info@icamnetwork.net | (TR) bilgi@icamnetwork.net