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Capacity and Cost Calculations of Swales

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 19 - 46, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.324068

Abstract



The Best Management
Practices (BMP), designed to reduce the adverse impacts of urbanization and
population growth and make more use of rainwater, are built to design
water-sensitive cities. With these applications, it is aimed to reduce the
amount of runoff increasing due to urbanization, to increase the amount of
water infiltrating into the ground, to delay the peak discharge formation, to
decrease the peak discharge and to increase the water quality. Swales are one
of these practices and it is advisable to use them extensively because they are
important contributions to maximum benefit from rainwater. As the swales are
economical and easier to apply than other rainwater systems, today its
importance increases. In this study, the capacity calculations of the swales,
the design parameters, the construction and maintenance costs of the swales are
explained in detail and an example calculation of the swale is given. In this
way, it is aimed to contribute to spreading the applications of the swale in
our country.




References

  • Auckland Regional Council (ARC). (1992). "Stormwater Treatment Devices Design Guideline Manual". Technical Publication (10). California Stormwater Quality Association. (2003)."Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook: New Development and Redevelopment, Section Vegetated Swale". Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). (1998). "Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Development Rules in Your Community". Ellicott City, Maryland. Claytor RA. Schueler TR. (1996). "Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems". Center for Watershed Protection and Chesapeake Research Consortium, Ellicott, USA. ConnDOT Drainage Manual. (2000). "Storage Facilities Chapter 10: Outlet Hydraulics". Department of Natural Resources and Water (2007). "Queenslad Urban Drainage Manual (QUDM)". Vol(1), Brisbane, Australia. Department of Planning and Local Government. (2010)."Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Technical Manual for the Greater Adelaide Region". Adelaide, South Australia. Healty Waterways Partnership. (2006). "Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Technical Design Guidelines for South East Queensland". Metropolitan Council & Barr Engineering Company. (2001). "Minnesota Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice (BMP) Manual: Stormwater Best management Practices for Cold Climates. Section Constructed Wetlads:Wet Swales". Minneapolis, St. Paul, USA. Metropolitan Council & Barr Engineering Company. (2001). "Minnesota Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice (BMP) Manual: Stormwater Best management Practices for Cold Climates. Section Detention Systems: Dry Swales". Minneapolis, St. Paul, USA. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). (2000). "Protecting Water Quality in Urban Areas: Best Management Practices for Dealing with Storm Water Runoff from Urban, Suburban and Developing Areas of Minnesota". Minneapolis, USA. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Comission (SEWRPC). (1991)."Cost of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures".Waukesha, USA, Technical Report(31). Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust. (2004). "Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Technical Guidelines for Western Sydney". URL-1: Devlet Su İşleri. "Toprak ve Su Kaynakları". www.dsi.gov.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-2: Waterloc." Yağmursuyu Yönetim Sistemi". http://www.degora.com/pdf/gpwat09tr.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-3: Marmariç Ekolojik Yaşam Derneği. "Yağmur Hendeği ve Gölet".Marrnaric.org/marmaricte-permakultur-uygulamaları/yağmur-hendeği-ve-gölet/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-4: Kır Çocukları. "Tahtacıörencik’te Yağmur Hendekleri Çalışması I, II". https://kircocuklari.wordpress.com (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-5: Bostancık. "Yağmursuyu Toplama ve Depolama". bostancik.blogspot.com.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-6: Researchgate. "Debi Ölçümü". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27458387 (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2017). URL-7:Doğan O. "Bazı Yüzey Akış Hesaplama Yöntemleri". http://www.cem.gov.tr/erozyon/Files/erozyon/Afyonkarahisar_Sel_Egitimi/YUZEY_AKIS_HESAPLAMA_YONTEMLERi_Prof_Dr_Orhan_DOGAN.pptx (Erişim Tarihi: 17 Haziran 2017). URL-8: LMNO Research and Software. Engineering Ltd."Rectangular Weir Calculator". www.Imnoeng.com/Weirs/RectangularWeir.php (Erişim Tarihi: 15Mayıs 2017). URL-9: LMNO Research and Software. Engineering Ltd."V-Notch (Triangular) Weir Calculator". www.Imnoeng.com/Weirs/vweir.php (Erişim Tarihi: 15Mayıs 2017). URL-10: LMNO Research and Software. Engineering Ltd."Cipoletti(Trapezodial) Weir Calculator". www.Imnoeng.com/Weirs/Cipoletti.php (Erişim Tarihi: 15Mayıs 2017). Waterway Solutions Consulting Engineers. (2008). "Stormwater Management Report (SMR) for: Dixon Street Coolangatta. Section 6: Hydraulic. Water Quality & Geotechnical Engineering". Winston R, et al. (2014). "Grassed Swale Performance and Design: Field and Modeling Results". Department ofBiological and Agriculture Engineering NC State University. Web Site: https://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Engineering/Hydraulics/2014%20NCSU%20Roadway%20Stormwater%20Control%20Workshop/3.%20Water%20Quality%20Swale%20Design.pdf Yao R. (2013). “Design and Management of Sustainable Built Enviroments”. 129-130, London, Britain.

Yağmur Hendeklerinin Kapasite ve Maliyet Hesapları

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 19 - 46, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.324068

Abstract

Suya duyarlı şehirlerde kullanılan yeşil altyapı
sistemleri; şehirleşmenin ve nüfus artışının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak, yağıştan
daha fazla yararlanmak için inşa edilirler. Bu sistemlerden biri olan yağmur
hendekleri; yağıştan maksimum şekilde faydalanmak, yağmur suyunu arıtmak ve
sızmayı arttırmak için tercih edilirler. Bu çalışmada; yağmur hendeklerinin
sürdürülebilirliğe sağladığı katkılardan dolayı ülkemizdeki kullanımlarının
yaygınlaştırılması ve yeni yönetmeliğin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple
yağmur hendeklerinin kapasite hesapları, tasarım parametreleri, yağmur
hendeklerinin inşaat ve bakım maliyetleri detaylı bir şekilde açıklanarak İstanbul
ili Göztepe bölgesi için yağmur hendeği kapasite hesabı yapılmıştır. Yapılan hesaplarda
uluslararası literatürde ve 23 Haziran 2017 tarihinde yayınlanan yağmur suyu
toplama, depolama ve deşarj sistemleri hakkında yönetmelikte belirtilen
yöntemler kullanılarak sonuçlar kıyaslanmıştır. Bu yönetmelik çoğunlukla
geleneksel sistemlere (borulu altyapı sistemleri ve beton kanallar gibi)
yönelik olarak hazırlanmış, yağmur hendekleri gibi sürdürülebilir sistemlere
yeterince yer verilmemiştir. Böylece bu çalışmada yönetmelikte bulunmayan
hesaplar ve tasarım kriterleri detaylı şekilde açıklanarak sürdürülebilir
sistemlerin yaygınlaştırılmasına katkı sağlanmıştır.

References

  • Auckland Regional Council (ARC). (1992). "Stormwater Treatment Devices Design Guideline Manual". Technical Publication (10). California Stormwater Quality Association. (2003)."Stormwater Best Management Practice (BMP) Handbook: New Development and Redevelopment, Section Vegetated Swale". Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). (1998). "Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Development Rules in Your Community". Ellicott City, Maryland. Claytor RA. Schueler TR. (1996). "Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems". Center for Watershed Protection and Chesapeake Research Consortium, Ellicott, USA. ConnDOT Drainage Manual. (2000). "Storage Facilities Chapter 10: Outlet Hydraulics". Department of Natural Resources and Water (2007). "Queenslad Urban Drainage Manual (QUDM)". Vol(1), Brisbane, Australia. Department of Planning and Local Government. (2010)."Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Technical Manual for the Greater Adelaide Region". Adelaide, South Australia. Healty Waterways Partnership. (2006). "Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Technical Design Guidelines for South East Queensland". Metropolitan Council & Barr Engineering Company. (2001). "Minnesota Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice (BMP) Manual: Stormwater Best management Practices for Cold Climates. Section Constructed Wetlads:Wet Swales". Minneapolis, St. Paul, USA. Metropolitan Council & Barr Engineering Company. (2001). "Minnesota Urban Small Sites Best Management Practice (BMP) Manual: Stormwater Best management Practices for Cold Climates. Section Detention Systems: Dry Swales". Minneapolis, St. Paul, USA. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). (2000). "Protecting Water Quality in Urban Areas: Best Management Practices for Dealing with Storm Water Runoff from Urban, Suburban and Developing Areas of Minnesota". Minneapolis, USA. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Comission (SEWRPC). (1991)."Cost of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures".Waukesha, USA, Technical Report(31). Upper Parramatta River Catchment Trust. (2004). "Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), Technical Guidelines for Western Sydney". URL-1: Devlet Su İşleri. "Toprak ve Su Kaynakları". www.dsi.gov.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-2: Waterloc." Yağmursuyu Yönetim Sistemi". http://www.degora.com/pdf/gpwat09tr.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-3: Marmariç Ekolojik Yaşam Derneği. "Yağmur Hendeği ve Gölet".Marrnaric.org/marmaricte-permakultur-uygulamaları/yağmur-hendeği-ve-gölet/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-4: Kır Çocukları. "Tahtacıörencik’te Yağmur Hendekleri Çalışması I, II". https://kircocuklari.wordpress.com (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-5: Bostancık. "Yağmursuyu Toplama ve Depolama". bostancik.blogspot.com.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2017). URL-6: Researchgate. "Debi Ölçümü". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27458387 (Erişim Tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2017). URL-7:Doğan O. "Bazı Yüzey Akış Hesaplama Yöntemleri". http://www.cem.gov.tr/erozyon/Files/erozyon/Afyonkarahisar_Sel_Egitimi/YUZEY_AKIS_HESAPLAMA_YONTEMLERi_Prof_Dr_Orhan_DOGAN.pptx (Erişim Tarihi: 17 Haziran 2017). URL-8: LMNO Research and Software. Engineering Ltd."Rectangular Weir Calculator". www.Imnoeng.com/Weirs/RectangularWeir.php (Erişim Tarihi: 15Mayıs 2017). URL-9: LMNO Research and Software. Engineering Ltd."V-Notch (Triangular) Weir Calculator". www.Imnoeng.com/Weirs/vweir.php (Erişim Tarihi: 15Mayıs 2017). URL-10: LMNO Research and Software. Engineering Ltd."Cipoletti(Trapezodial) Weir Calculator". www.Imnoeng.com/Weirs/Cipoletti.php (Erişim Tarihi: 15Mayıs 2017). Waterway Solutions Consulting Engineers. (2008). "Stormwater Management Report (SMR) for: Dixon Street Coolangatta. Section 6: Hydraulic. Water Quality & Geotechnical Engineering". Winston R, et al. (2014). "Grassed Swale Performance and Design: Field and Modeling Results". Department ofBiological and Agriculture Engineering NC State University. Web Site: https://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Engineering/Hydraulics/2014%20NCSU%20Roadway%20Stormwater%20Control%20Workshop/3.%20Water%20Quality%20Swale%20Design.pdf Yao R. (2013). “Design and Management of Sustainable Built Enviroments”. 129-130, London, Britain.
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Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Uğur Ünal This is me

Dilek Eren Akyüz

Publication Date December 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ünal, U., & Akyüz, D. E. (2017). Yağmur Hendeklerinin Kapasite ve Maliyet Hesapları. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 19-46. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.324068