Seasonal Determination of PAH Components in Indoor Air in Giresun

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 892 - 904, 15.12.2022

Aysun Türkmen Alev Elkaya Mustafa Türkmen

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1173131

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In Giresun, concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons compounds exposed to indoor air (kitchen) in of the houses in Autumn 2018 and Winter 2019 were tried to be determined using passive sampling method. Both natural gas and coal are used for heating at these stations, which have been determined five stations in Giresun. Passive sampling tubes were kept in the kitchens of the houses for 30 days using coconut-based activated carbon. After the activated carbons in the collected sampling tubes were extracted, 38 PAH components were analyzed by GC-MS. One Way ANOVA- Tukey test is performed to show differences between. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two seasons (p>0.05).

Keywords

Giresun, passive sampling, PAH, GC-MS, indoor air

Giresun’da İç Ortam Havasındaki PAH Bileşenlerinin Mevsimsel Olarak Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Giresun’da 2018 yılı Sonbahar ve 2019 yılı Kış mevsimlerinde evlerin iç ortam havasında (mutfak) maruz kalınan Poliaromatik Hidrokarbonların (PAH) konsantrasyonları pasif örnekleme metodu kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Giresun’da beş istasyon belirlenmiş bu istasyonlarda ısınma amaçlı hem doğal gaz hem de kömür kullanılmaktadır. Hindistan cevizi bazlı aktif karbon kullanılarak pasif örnekleme tüpleri 30 gün evlerin mutfakların da bekletilmiştir. Toplanan örnekleme tüplerindeki aktif karbonlar ekstrakte edildikten sonra 38 PAH bileşeni GC-MS cihazı ile analizler edilmiştir. Tek yönlü varyans analizi One-way ANOVA, Post-Hoc testi (Tukey) uygulanmıştır. İki mevsim arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir (p>0.05).

Keywords

Giresun, pasif örnekleme, PAH, GC-MS, iç ortam., passive sampling, indoor air

References

• Alver E., Demirci A., Özcimder M., (2012). Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonlar ve Sağlığa Etkileri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 3 (1): 45-5.
• ATSDR, (1994). Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): update. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta.
• ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (1995). Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, USA.
• Breysse Pa. (1984). Formaldehyde levels and accompanying symptoms associated with individuals residing in over 1000 conventional and mobile homes in the state of Washington. Indoor Air. 3:403-408,
• Burton Bt. (1997). Volatile organic compounds. Indoor Air Pollution and Health. Marcel Dekker, New York.
• Cheng, H., Deng, Z., Chakraborty, P., Liu, D., Zhang, R., Xu, Y., Luo, C., Zhang, G., Li, J, (2013) A comparison study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three Indiana cities using puf disk passive air samplers, Atmospheric Environment,73,16-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.001
• Danyi, S., Bose, F., Brasseur, C., Schneider, Y.J., Larondelle, Y., Pussemier, L. (2009). Analysis of EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food supplements using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet, diode array or fluorescence detector. Analytica Chimica Acta, 633, 293–699.
• EPA, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (1999).Compendium Method TO-13A, Cincinnati, OH,USA.
• Esen, F., Kayıkçı, G. (2017). İç ve dış ortam hava örneklerindeki PAH’ların İncelenmesi: Bursa Örneği. Uludağ Üni. Müh. Fak. Dergisi, Cilt 22, Sayı 3. DOI:10.17482/uumfd.331620.
• Gaga, E.O., Ari, A., (2011). Gas-Particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban traffic site in Eskişehir, Turkey, Atmospheric Research,99,207-216. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.013.
• Krugly, E., M. D. (2013) Characterization of particulate and vapor phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ındoor and outdoor air of primary schools, Atmospheric Environment, 82, 298-306. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.042
• Lee Sc, Lam S, Faı Hk. (2001). Characterization of UOBs, ozone, and PM10 emissions from office equipment in an environmental chamber. Build. Environ. 36:837-842.
• Leovıc Kw, Whıtaker Da, Northeım C., Sheldon Ls. (1998). Evaluation of test method for measuring indoor air emission from dry-process photocopiers. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 48:915-923.
• Martorell, I., Perelló, G., Martí-Cid, R., Castell, V., Juan M.Llobet, J.M., Domingo, J.L. (2010). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in foods and estimated PAH intake by the population of Catalonia, Spain: temporal trend. Environment International, 36, 424–432.
• Molhave L. (1991). Indoor climate, air pollution and human comfort. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology. 1(1): 63-81.
• Otto D, Hundell H, House D, Molhave L, Counts W. (1992). Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. I. Behavioural assessment. Archives of Environmental Health. 47(1):23-30.
• Raiyani, C.V., Shah, S.H., Desai, N.M., Venkaiah, K., Patel, J.S., Parikh, D.J.,Kashyap, (1993). “Characterization and problems of indoor pollution due to cooking stove smoke,” Atmos. Environ., vol. 27A (11), pp. 1643–1655.
• Robinson, J., Nelson, WC. (1995) National human activity pattern survey data base. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park.
• URL-1: https://mgm.gov.tr/?il=Giresun web adresinden 11.06.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
• URL-2: https://mgm.gov.tr/?il=Giresun web adresinden 20.08.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
• URL-3: http://www.agilent.com/chem/store web adresinden 06.02.2020 tarihinde erişildi.
• Wang, X.Y., Li, Q.B., Luo, Y.M., Ding, Q., Xi, L.M., Ma, J.M., Li, Y., Liu, Y.P., Cheng, C.L. (2010). Characteristics and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165, 295–305.
• World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. (1987). “Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), In: Air Quality Guidelines for Europe”.
• Y. Ren, T. Cheng, and J. Chen, (2006). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust from computers: one possible indoor source of human exposure. Atmospheric Environment, vol. 40, no. 36, pp. 6956–6965, Nov.
• Zhang, J.L.G., Li, X.D., Qi, S.H., Liu, G.Q., Peng, X.Z. (2006). Source seasonality of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in subtropical city, Guangzhou, South China. Science of the Total Environment, 355, 145–155.