PORTEKİZ İDARE HUKUKU: ANAYASAL ÇERÇEVE, İDARİ USUL VE YARGISAL DENETİM

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 237 - 269, 30.10.2023

Halim Alperen Çıtak

https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.1326386

Abstract

Yürürlükteki 1976 tarihli Portekiz Anayasası, uzun süren bir diktatörlük tecrübesinden sonra yapılması sebebiyle, kamu gücü kullanan otoriteleri olabildiğince sınırlamayı amaçlayan, kazuistik ve sert bir anayasadır. İdarenin teşkilatlanmasına ve faaliyetine ilişkin detaylı hükümler içeren, aynı zamanda idari usulün ve idari yargılama usulünün çerçevesini çizen Anayasa, idare hukukunun anayasallaşması olgusuna da örnek teşkil etmektedir. Anayasa’daki etkili yargısal korunma hakkını somutlaştıran 2002 tarihli İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu (Código de Processo nos Tribunais Administrativos), başta yargısal emir olmak üzere, idari yargıcı güçlendiren birçok müesseseyi düzenlemektedir. Son versiyonu 2015 yılında yürürlüğe giren İdari Usul Kanunu (Código do Procedimento Administrativo) ise, Anayasa’nın koyduğu esaslar doğrultusunda, idare ile bireyler arasındaki eşitsizliği azaltan çok sayıda yeni çözüm getirmektedir. İdari yargı örgütü bakımından yaklaşık bir buçuk asırdır Fransız modelini benimseyen ülke, yine Anayasa’nın etkisiyle mahkeme tipi örgütlenmeyi (Alman modelini) tercih etmiş durumdadır. Bu makale, Portekiz’de idarenin yargısal denetimine ilişkin anayasal çerçeveyi tasvir etmekte, İdari Usul Kanunu ve İdari Yargılama Usulü Kanunu hakkında temel bilgiler vermekte ve Türk hukuku açısından karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmelerde bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Portekiz, İdari Yargı, İdarenin Yargısal Denetimi, İdari Usul, Yargısal Emir

PORTUGUESE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE AND JUDICIAL REVIEW

Abstract

The current Constitution of Portuguese Republic (1976) is an entrenched and detailed constitution which aims to limit as much as possible the bodies exercising public power, since it was made after a long period of dictatorship. The Constitution, including detailed provisions on the organization and functioning of the administration and drawing the framework of the administrative procedure and administrative judicial procedure, sets an example for the constitutionalization of administrative law as well. The 2002 Code of Procedure in the Administrative Courts (Código de Processo nos Tribunais Administrativos), which concretizes the constitutional right to effective judicial protection, regulates many institutions strengthening administrative judge, especially the power of injunction. The Code of Administrative Procedure (Código do Procedimento Administrativo), the last version of which came into force in 2015, introduces many new solutions that reduce the inequality between the administration and individuals, in the direction of the principles set by the Constitution. In terms of the organization of the administrative judiciary, Portugal had adopted the French model (Council of State-type) for about a century and a half. With the influence of the Constitution of 1976, German model (court-type) has been preferred. This article describes the constitutional framework regarding the judicial review of the administration in Portugal, gives basic information about the Code of Administrative Procedure and the Code of Procedure in the Administrative Courts and makes comparative evaluations concerning Turkish law.

Keywords

Portugal, Administrative Justice, Judicial Review of Administration, Administrative Procedure, Injunction

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