Çin Dış Politikasında İttifak Yapmama Prensibi: Akademik Tartışmalar

Year 2017, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 15 - 35, 14.03.2018

Nilgün Eliküçük Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.405659

Abstract

Öz

 

Bu çalışmada Çin uluslararası ilişkiler akademisindeki ittifak yapmama prensibiyle ilgili tartışmalar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın temel iddiası, Çin akademisinde dış politika tartışmalarının hükümetin çizdiği çerçeveden daha dinamik ve karmaşık olduğudur. Uluslararası ilişkiler akademisyenlerinin dış politika yapımındaki önemi sadece hükümetin politikalarını desteklemelerinden değil aynı zamanda alternatif politika üretebilmelerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu yüzden akademik tartışmalar ittifak yapmama politikasında bir değişikliğe gidilip gidilmeyeceğini analiz etmek için önemli bir fikri temel sağlamaktadır. Çinli akademisyenlerin ittifak yapmama prensibiyle ilgili görüşleri üç başlıkta ele alınmıştır. İlk grup, ittifak yapmamanın yararlarını savunan ortodoksidir. İkinci grup, ittifak yapmaya yönelik bir strateji değişikliğini savunan revizyonistlerdir. Üçüncü grup ise, prensibin tamamen terk edilmeyip yeni duruma uygun bir takım tamamlayıcı tedbirler alınması gerektiğini düşünen ılımlılardır. Bu gruplar içinde revizyonistlerinfikirleri Çin’in ittifak politikasındaki olası bir değişikliğin hangi yönde olacağı konusunda önemli ipuçları vermektedir. İttifak yanlılarına göre potansiyel müttefik Rusya’dır. Revizyonistlerin fikirleri aynı zamanda Çin’de yükselen popüler milliyetçiliğinde bir yansımadır. Bu yüzden Çin’in ülke içinde yükselen milliyetçilik karşısında ittifak arayışı içine girmesi kaçınılmaz görünmektedir.

Keywords

İttifak yapmama prensibi, Akademik Tartışmalar, Ortodoksi, Revizyonistler, Ilımlılar

Non-alliance Principle in Chinese Foreign Policy: Academic Debates

Abstract

In this
study, debates on the principle of non-alliance in Chinese international
relations academy has been discussed. The main argument of the study is that
foreign policy debates in the Chinese academy are more dynamic and complex than
the framework drawn by government. The significance of international relations
scholars in foreign policy making arise from not only because they support
government policies, but also because they can produce alternative policies at
the same time. Therefore, academic debates provide an important basis for
analyzing whether a change in the policy of non-alliance will be pursued or
not. Chinese scholars' views on the principle of non-alliance are addressed in
three groups. The first group is orthodoxy who advocates the benefits of
non-alliance. The second group is revisionists who advocate an alliance
strategy. The third group is moderates who think that the non-alliance
principle should not be abandoned completely. Within these groups, the ideas of
the revisionists provide important clues about in which direction the possible
changes in China’s alliance policy will be. According to the revisionists, the
potential ally is primarily Russia. The ideas of the revisionists are also a
reflection of rising popular nationalism in China. Therefore, in the long term,
it seems inevitable that Chinese foreign policy decision-makers are seeking
alliances against this pressure coming from national field.

Keywords

Non-alliance Principle, Academic Debates, Orthodoxy, Revisionists

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