<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-727X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kastamonu University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56676/kiad.1641559</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Communication and Media Studies (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Günlük Yaşam Pratikleri Aracılığıyla Malta&#039;daki Göçmenlerin Sosyal İletişimi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Social Communication of Migrants through Everyday Life Practices in Malta</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-1242</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Erben</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şeyma Esin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Malta</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251231">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>15</issue>
                                        <fpage>18</fpage>
                                        <lpage>40</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250217">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250923">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışma, Akdeniz’de bir ada devleti olan Malta&#039;daki göçmenlerin sosyal iletişim süreçlerini etnografik bir yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Veriler, iki yıllık bir süre boyunca otuz beş katılımcıyla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve göçmenlerin sosyal hayata aktif olarak katıldığı ortamlarda ve ada genelinde göçmenlerin yoğun olarak yaşadığı mahallelerde gerçekleştirilen katılımcı gözlemler yoluyla toplanmış ve çevrimiçi gözlemlerle desteklenmiştir. Veri toplama süreci, otuz beş katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine mülakatlar ve iki yıl süren katılımcı gözlemlerle yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, göçmenlerin hem yerel toplum hem de kendi etnik ağlarıyla kurdukları etkileşim biçimlerini, karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve bu süreçleri şekillendiren faktörleri ortaya koymaktadır. Buna göre iki resmi dilli olmak hem bir fırsat hem de bir engel olarak öne çıkmakta; İngilizce temel toplumsal iletişim dili olarak kullanılırken Maltaca konuşmak göçmenlere yerel ve bürokratik avantajlar sağlamaktadır.Çalışma, sosyoekonomik statünün göçmenlerin toplumsal iletişim deneyimleri üzerindeki önemli etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Sosyoekonomik dezavantajlarla karşı karşıya olan bireylerin iletişim ağlarının büyük ölçüde kendi etnik topluluklarıyla sınırlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu bulgular doğrultusunda, çalışma göçmenlerin sosyal katılımını artırmak ve çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı anlatıları ele almak için politikalar geliştirmeyi önermektedir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This study employs an ethnographic approach to examine the social communication processes of migrants in the Mediterranean island state of Malta. Data were collected over a two-year period through semi-structured interviews with thirty-five participants and participant observation in settings where migrants were actively engaged in social life and in neighbourhoods densely populated by migrants across the island, supplemented by online observation. The findings point out the forms of interaction migrants establish with both the local community and their own ethnic networks, the challenges they encounter, and the factors shaping these processes. Bilingualism emerges as both an opportunity and a barrier, with English serving as the primary social communication language, while knowledge of Maltese provides local and bureaucratic advantages.The study highlights the significant influence of socioeconomic status on migrants&#039; social communication experiences. Individuals facing socioeconomic disadvantages tend to have communication networks mainly confined to their ethnic communities. Based on these findings, the study recommends developing policies to enhance migrants&#039; social inclusion and addressing online and offline narratives.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>migration</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  social communication</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Malta</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  etnografik araştırma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  daily life</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Göç</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Toplumsal iletişim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Malta</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Etnografik araştırma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Günlük yaşam</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Amorosi, L. (2022). A private business: The role of employment agencies in the organization of domestic work [Doctoral dissertation, Università degli Studi di Milano]. AIR Unimi Institutional Repository. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/932990</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Berger, P. L., &amp; Luckmann, T. (2008). Gerçekliğin sosyal inşası (V. S. Öğütle, Trans.). Paradigma Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. University of California Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bolander, B., &amp; Locher, M. A. (2020). Beyond the online-offline distinction: Entry points to digital discourse. Discourse, Context &amp; Media, 35, 100383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100383</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bonhomme, M., &amp; Muldoon, J. (2024). Racism and food delivery platforms: Shaping migrants’ work experiences and future expectations in the United Kingdom and Chile. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2024.2349268</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Böke, K. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (2nd ed.). Alfa Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cherry, E. C. (1957). On human communication: A review, a survey, and a criticism. The MIT Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">de Certeau, M. (2008). Gündelik hayatın keşfi: I. Eylem, uygulama, üretim sanatları (L. A. Özcan, Trans.). Dost Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">de Haas, H., Castles, S., &amp; Miller, M. J. (2020). The age of migration: International population movements in the modern world (6th ed.). The Guilford Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdoğan, İ., &amp; Alemdar, K. (2005). Öteki kuram: Kitle iletişim kuram ve araştırmalarının tarihsel ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi (2nd ed.). Erk Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdoğan, İ. (2011). İletişimi anlamak (4th ed., expanded). Pozitif Matbaacılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erdoğan, İ. (2013). Medya sosyolojisi (Yayın No. 2832; Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını No. 1790). Anadolu Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">European Commission. (2018). Malta: Registration now open for national integration programme &quot;I Belong&quot; (Publication date: July 31, 2018). European Website on Integration. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/news/malta-registration-now-open-national-integration-programme-i-belong_en</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">European Commission. (2024). Governance of migrant integration in Malta (Publication date: June 2024). European Website on Integration. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/country-governance/governance-migrant-integration-malta_en</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Habermas, J. (2001). İletişimsel eylem kuramı (M. Tüzel, Trans.). Kabalcı Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hammersley, M., &amp; Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice (3rd ed.). Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Horolets, A., Stodolska, M., &amp; Peters, K. (2021). Migrants’ everyday life and migration regimes: A study of migrants’ leisurely use of urban parks. Studia Socjologiczne, 2, 125–146. https://doi.org/10.24425/sts.2021.137291</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gauci, P., &amp; Vella, B. (2022). The challenges of learning Maltese in bilingual Malta: A study with adult learners following the I Belong language integration programme. Malta Review of Educational Research, 16(2), 173–193.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Goffman, E. (2014). Günlük yaşamda benliğin sunumu (B. Cezar, Trans., 2nd ed.). Metis Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Göktuna Yaylacı, F. (2012). Belçika&#039;da yaşayan Türklerin yörecilik anlayışları ve toplumsal iletişim süreçleri: Belçika&#039;daki Emirdağlılar ve Posoflulara ilişkin bir araştırma [Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University].</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gökulu, G. (2019). Sembolik etkileşimci teorinin gündelik yaşam sosyolojisine katkıları. EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 23(80), 173–190.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grant, C. B. (2003). Rethinking communicative interaction: An interdisciplinary programme. In C. B. Grant (Ed.), Rethinking communicative interaction: New interdisciplinary horizons (pp. 1–27). John Benjamins B.V.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grech, H. (2019). Impact of forced migration on communication and social adaptation. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica: Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP), 71(4), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1159/000497057</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Guest, G., Bunce, A., &amp; Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Identita Malta – Expatriates Unit. (2024). Change of designation or employer: Change of employer. Identita Malta. https://identita.gov.mt/expatriates-unit-change-of-designation-or-employer-change-of-employer</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">International Labour Organization. (2021). World employment and social outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40dgreports/%40dcomm/%40publ/documents/publication/wcms_771749.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IOM–International Organization for Migration. (n.d.). Types of movements. https://emm.iom.int/handbooks/global-context-international-migration/types-movements-0</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Laulan, A.-M., &amp; Escarpit, R. (2016). Two forgotten figures. In J. Periault (Ed.), İletişim bilimlerinin unutulmuş kökenleri (H. Köse, Trans., pp. 71–79). Ayrıntı Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McAuliffe, M., &amp; Oucho, L. A. (2024). World migration report 2024. International Organization for Migration. https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McChesney, R. W. (2013). Digital disconnect: How capitalism is turning the internet against democracy. The New Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mead, G. H. (1973). Wundt and the concept of the gesture. In W. Wundt (Ed.), The language of gestures (pp. 20–29). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110808285.20</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Newlands, G. (2022). ‘This isn’t forever for me’: Perceived employability and migrant gig work in Norway and Sweden. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 56(4), 1262–1279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221083021</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Niznikiewicz, M. (2013). The building blocks of social communication. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 9(4), 173–183. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3902830/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NSO Malta – National Statistics Office. (2024). Population and migration: 2012–2022 (including intercensal revisions) (NR 015/2024). Government of Malta. https://nso.gov.mt/population/intercensal-population-revisions-2012-2021/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NSO Malta – National Statistics Office. (2025, July 10). World Population Day: 11 July 2025 (NR 122/2025). National Statistics Office. Retrieved from https://nso.gov.mt/population/world-population-day-11-july-2025/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">OECD–Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). International migration outlook 2020. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ec98f531-en</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pace, R. (2021). Malta: A Janus-faced migration and integration policy. In T. Joensen &amp; I. Taylor (Eds.), Small states and the European migrant crisis (pp. 133–163). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66203-5_7</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research &amp; evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pries, L. (2001). The disruption of social and geographic space: Mexican-US migration and the emergence of transnational social spaces. International Sociology, 16(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580901016001005</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Prodnik, J. A. (2014). Sürüp giden metalaştırma süreçleri üzerine bir not: İzleyici metasından toplumsal fabrikaya. In V. Mosco &amp; C. Fuchs (Eds.), Marx geri döndü: Medya, meta ve sermaye birikimi (F. Başaran, Trans., pp. 301–367). Nota Bene Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Solano, G., &amp; Huddleston, T. (2020). Migrant Integration Policy Index 2020. CIDOB and Migration Policy Group. https://www.mipex.eu/key-findings</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Somersan, S. (2004). Sosyal bilimlerde etnisite ve ırk. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şirin Öner, N. A. (2016). Göç çalışmalarında temel kavramlar. In S. G. Ihlamur-Öner &amp; N. A. Ş. Öner (Eds.), Küreselleşme çağında göç: Kavramlar, tartışmalar (3rd ed., pp. 13–29). İletişim Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2006). The network society: Social aspects of new media (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WHO–World Health Organization. (2024, June 19). Learning from Malta’s example for refugee and migrant health. https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/feature-stories/item/learning-from-malta-s-example-for-refugee-and-migrant-health</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wieviorka, M. (2014). A critique of integration. Identities, 21(6), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2013.828615</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Williams, F. (2012). Converging variations in migrant care work in Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(4), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928712449771</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zıllıoğlu, M. (2007). İletişim nedir? Cem Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
