Pediatrik kanser hastalarında bilişsel bozukluk, ağrı, sıkıntı ve sosyal işlevsellikte bozulma ve bu alanlara yönelik psikolojik müdahaleler: Sistematik gözden geçirme

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 249 - 286, 25.08.2022

Merve Aydın Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar

https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000066

Abstract

Kanser, çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde yaygın olarak görülen hastalıklardan biridir. Dünya çapında, her sene yaklaşık olarak 200.000 çocuk ve ergen kanser tanısı almaktadır ve görülen kanser türlerinin sıklığı farklı yaş gruplarına göre değişkenlik göstermektedir. Günümüzde, gelişen tedavi yöntemleri ile pediatrik kanser hastalarında sağ kalım oranları giderek artmaktadır. Ancak, tanıya, hastane yatışına veya tedaviye bağlı olarak gelişen ağrı, sıkıntı, bilişsel bozukluk ve sosyal işlevsellikte azalma gibi sorunlar hastaların sağlık ve iyi oluş halini etkileyebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale, pediatrik kanser hastalarının sıklıkla problem yaşadığı alanlar olan kansere ve tedaviye bağlı olarak gelişen bilişsel bozukluk, ağrı, sıkıntı ve sosyal işlevsellikte bozulmayı sistematik derleme yöntemiyle ele almayı amaçlamıştır. Bu nedenle, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals ve Cochrane Library veritabanlarında 2003-2021 yılları arasında yayımlanmış makalelerde “bilişsel bozukluk”, “ağrı”, “sıkıntı”, “sosyal işlev”, “sosyal izolasyon”, “sosyal beceri”, “çocukluk çağı kanseri/pediatrik kanser” ve “müdahale” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak 1265 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. “Makalelerin 2003-2021 tarihlerinde Türkçe veya İngilizce olarak yayımlanması” ve “katılımcıların 0-19 yaş arasında ve kanser tanısının olması” kriterlerine göre 1265 makale içerisinden 50 makale derlemeye dâhil edilmiştir. Bu makaleler incelenmiştir ve her problem alanı için hem yüz yüze hem de bilgisayar ve internet tabanlı güncel psikolojik müdahale yöntemlerine dair bilgi verilmiştir. Bilgisayar ve internet tabanlı müdahale yöntemlerine dair kaynaklar ve bu yöntemleri gerçek hayatta kullanmak, bağışıklığı güçlü olmayan ve hastane odasından ya da evden çıkamayan hastalara psikolojik destek sağlamak için önemlidir. Son olarak, tartışma ve sonuç kısmında gelecekteki çalışmalara ışık tutabilecek öneriler sunulmuştur ve alanyazında yer alan önemli sonuçlar vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

kanser, pediatri, bilişsel bozukluk, ağrı, sıkıntı, sosyal işlevsellik

Cognitive impairment, pain, distress, and impaired social functioning in pediatric cancer patients and psychological interventions regarding these areas: A systematic review

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most common childhood and adolescent diseases. Around 200,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer each year worldwide; also, frequently seen cancer types vary according to the different age groups. Nowadays, the survival rates of pediatric cancer patients are increasing gradually with developing treatment methods. However, problems such as pain, distress, cognitive impairment, and social functioning impairment due to diagnosis, hospitalization or treatment may affect the health and well-being of patients. Concordantly, this article aims to address cognitive impairment, pain, distress, and social functioning impairments due to cancer and treatment as the areas where pediatric cancer patients often have problems with a systematic review method. Therefore, 1265 articles were reached by using "cognitive impairment", "pain", "distress", "social function", "social isolation", "social skills", "childhood/pediatric cancer", and "intervention" as keywords in the articles published between 2003-2021 by PubMed, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals, and Cochrane Library databases. 50 articles out of 1265 articles were included in the review according to the criteria of “articles published in Turkish or English between 2003-2021", "participants are between 0-19 years old and diagnosed with cancer". These articles were reviewed and face-to-face, computer and internet-based contemporary psychological intervention studies for each problem area were explained. Sources about computer-based and internet-based interventions and using them in real life are important for providing psychological support for nonimune patients who cannot leave the hospital room or home. Finally, the discussion and conclusion parts offer suggestions that may shed light on future studies and highlight important results in the literature.

Keywords

cancer, pediatrics, cognitive impairment, pain, distress, social functioning

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