Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Donetsk Hala Baskı Altında: Doğu Ukrayna’nın İşgali

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 203 - 217, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.948044

Abstract

Ortaya çıkmaya başlayan çok kutuplu uluslararası bir sistem bağlamında ABD hegemonyasındaki düşüşle ilgili bir fikir birliğinin olduğu müşahede edilmektedir. Soğuk savaş sonrasının ilk on yılını karakterize eden tek kutupluluk dönemi, devletlerin bölgesel ve küresel düzeyde yeniden konumlandırılmasının mümkün olduğu bir döneme geçiyor. Rusya çevresi, Rusya Federasyonu ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birliği tarafından temsil edilen Batı ittifakı arasındaki çıkar çatışmalarını gösteren bir çatışma sahnesi haline gelmiştir. Bu anlamda Ukrayna, Avrupa yanlısı demokratik yayılmacılık ile Rusya'nın bölgenin jeostratejik otoriter düzeninde kilit bir aktör olarak tutmaya yönelik girişimleri arasındaki jeopolitik mücadelenin merkezi haline geldi. NATO lideri olarak ABD, Sovyet sonrası alanı oluşturan bu hayati bölgedeki çıkarlarını yeniden teyit etti, Avrasya alanında Rus hegemonyasının yeniden kurulmasına karşı çıktı ve demokratik yönetim biçimlerini teşvik etti. Bu makalenin amacı, rakip güç blokları arasındaki jeopolitik gerilimler ve çıkar çatışmaları çerçevesinde Ukrayna'daki çatışmanın bölgesel dinamiklerini incelemektir.

References

  • Anuwichanont, J. (2011). The impact of price perception on customer loyalty in the airline context. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 9(9), 37-50.
  • Chang, S.S., Chang, C.C., Su, W.G. (2015). Quality or sacrifice? The influence of decision task and product characteristics on the dual role of price. Psychological Reports, 117(1), 72-88.
  • Dutta, S., Biswas, A. (2005). Effects of low price guarantees on consumer post-purchase search intention: The moderating roles of value consciousness and penalty level. Journal of Retailing, 81(4), 283-291.
  • A’Beckett, L. (2020). Assimilative representations of Ukrainian refugees in the Russian and Ukrainian press. Language of Conflict: Discourses of the Ukrainian Crisis, 253.
  • Ambrosio, T. (2007). Insulating Russia from a colour revolution: How the Kremlin resists regional democratic trends. Democratisation, 14(2), 232-252.
  • Amnesty International. (2018). Amnesty.org. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL1067002018ENGLISH.PDF.
  • Åtland, K. (2020). Destined for deadlock? Russia, Ukraine, and the unfulfilled Minsk agreements. Post-Soviet Affairs, 36(2), 122-139.
  • Baar, V., & Baarová, B. (2017). De facto states and their socio-economic structures in the post-Soviet space after the annexation of Crimea. Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej, 6, 267-303.
  • Biersack, J., & O’lear, S. (2014). The geopolitics of Russia's annexation of Crimea: narratives, identity, silences, and energy. Eurasian geography and economics, 55(3), 247-269.
  • Breslauer, G. W. (2009). Observations on Russia's foreign relations under Putin. Post-Soviet Affairs, 25(4), 370-376.
  • Brzezinski, Z. (1997). The grand chessboard (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
  • Buckley, C. A. (2012). Learning from Libya, acting in Syria. Journal of Strategic Security, 5(2), 81-104.
  • Diuk, N. (2014). Euromaidan: Ukraine's self-organizing revolution. World Affairs, 176(6), 9-16.
  • Fox, M. A. C. (2019). "Cyborgs at Little Stalingrad": A Brief History of the Battles of the Donetsk Airport. Land Warfare Institute. Retrieved from (2019).
  • Fuller, G. (2018). A sense of siege: The geopolitics of Islam and the West. Routledge.
  • Giuliano, E. (2018). Who supported separatism in Donbas? Ethnicity and popular opinion at the start of the Ukraine crisis. Post-Soviet Affairs, 34(2-3), 158-178.
  • Golovchenko, Y., Hartmann, M., & Adler-Nissen, R. (2018). State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation. International Affairs, 94(5), 975-994.
  • Gorbachev, M. S. (1989). Common European Home. From Stalinism to Pluralism, ed. Gail Stokes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
  • Grant, T. D. (2015). Annexation of Crimea. American journal of international law, 109(1), 68-95.
  • Hahn, G. M. (2018). Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the" new Cold War". McFarland.
  • Hill, F. (2013). The real reason Putin supports Assad. Foreign Affairs, 25.
  • Hoffmann, S. (1995). An American Social Science: International Relations (1977). In International Theory (pp. 212-241). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Home Office, U.K. (2019). Assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/812080/Ukraine_-_Minority_Groups_-_CPIN_-_v2.0__June_2019_.pdf.
  • Kaplan, R. D. (2002). The coming anarchy: Shattering the dreams of the post cold war. Vintage.
  • Koelle, H. (2018). Russian patronage to unrecognized states since the annexation of Crimea: A cross case study of the Republic of Abkhazia and the PMR.
  • Korotkyi, T., & Hendel, N. (2018). The Legal Status of the Donetsk and Luhansk "Peoples' Republics". The Use of Force against Ukraine and International Law (pp. 145-170). TMC Asser Press, The Hague.
  • Kostanyan, H., & Meister, S. (2016). Ukraine, Russia and the EU: Breaking the deadlock in the Minsk process.
  • Krauthammer, C. (2002). The unipolar moment revisited. The national interest, (70), 5-18.
  • Kulyk, V. (2019). Identity in transformation: Russian-speakers in post-Soviet Ukraine. Europe-Asia Studies, 71(1), 156-178.
  • Lavrov, S. (2007). Containing Russia: back to the future?. Russia in Global Affairs, 4, 18.
  • Lukin, A. (2017). Pivot to Asia: Russia's foreign policy enters the 21st century. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd.
  • Mankoff, J. (2014). Russia's latest land grab: How Putin won Crimea and lost Ukraine. Foreign Aff., 93, 60.
  • Marples, D. R., & Duke, D. F. (1995). Ukraine, Russia, and the question of Crimea. Nationalities papers, 23(2), 261-289.
  • Matera, R. (2017). G8–Suspension or Fall? From Cold War to Cold War. A Short History of Russian Participation in Major Industrial Democracies. Elżbieta Horoszewicz, Edyta Sweklej, Roman Niedziółka, Krzysztof, 171.
  • Matsuzato, K. (2017). The Donbass war: Outbreak and deadlock. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 25(2), 175-201.
  • McFaul, M. (2018). From Cold War to hot peace: The inside story of Russia and America. Penguin UK.
  • Muzaffar, M., Yaseen, Z., & Rahim, N. (2017). Changing dynamics of global politics: Transition from unipolar to multipolar world. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 1(1), 49-61.
  • Mykhailenko, H., & Cheremisin, O. (2020). New Ukraine vs Novorussia: Myths and Realities of Geopolitical Changes During the Second Half of the XVIIIth–at the end of the XIXth Century. Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, (14), 36-45.
  • Ukrinform.net. (2020). Number of Ukrainian soldiers killed in Donbas decreases tenfold over 103 days of ceasefire. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-defense/3131969-number-of-ukrainian-soldiers-killed-in-donbas-decrease-tenfold-over-103-days-of-ceasefire.html.
  • Nye, J. (2017). Soft power: the origins and political progress of a concept. Palgrave Communications, 3(1), 1-3.
  • O’Loughlin, J., Toal, G., & Kolosov, V. (2017). The rise and fall of “Novorossiya”: examining support for a separatist geopolitical imaginary in southeast Ukraine. Post-Soviet Affairs, 33(2), 124-144.
  • Podolian, O. (2015). The 2014 Referendum in Crimea. East European Quarterly, 41(1), 111-128.
  • Portnov, A. (2016). How ‘eastern Ukraine’was lost. Open Democracy, 14.
  • Putin, V. (2014). Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation. President of the Russian Federation, December.
  • Reiter, D. (2001). Why NATO enlargement does not spread democracy. International Security, 25(4), 41-67.
  • Rivarola Puntigliano, A. (2017). 21st century geopolitics: Integration and development in the age of ‘continental states’. Territory, Politics, Governance, 5(4), 478-494.
  • Sakwa, R. (2014). Frontline Ukraine: crisis in the borderlands. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Shirmammadov, K. (2015). DCTFA (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement) in EU and Ukraine Relations. Available at SSRN 2698194.
  • Shumilov, M. M. (2015). Role of International Cooperation in the Peaceful Settlement of the Conflict in Ukraine (2014-2015). Administrative Consulting.
  • Studemeyer, C. C. (2019). Cooperative Agendas and the Power of the Periphery: the US, Estonia, and NATO after the Ukraine Crisis. Geopolitics, 24(4), 787-810.
  • Tierney, M. (2016). Beyond the Central Eurasian Pivot?. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 17(1).
  • Trenin, D. (2014). Russia’s breakout from the post-cold war system. Carnegie Moscow Centre, 17.
  • Tsygankov, A. P. (2013). The Russia-NATO mistrust: Ethnophobia and the double expansion to contain “the Russian Bear”. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46(1), 179-188.
  • Tuathail, G. Ó. (1998). Thinking critically about geopolitics. The geopolitics reader, 2, 1-14.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2000). Intimations of multipolarity. In The New World Order (pp. 1-17). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Wilson, A. (2014). Ukraine crisis: what it means for the West. Yale University Press.
  • Wilson, A. (2016). The Donbas in 2014: Explaining civil conflict perhaps, but not civil war. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(4), 631-652.
  • Yiğit, S. (2011a), “Ukraine in Regress: The Tymoshenko Trial” ORSAM Report No: 74.
  • Yiğit, S. (2011b). Yulya Timoşenko: Tanrıça mı, Cadı mı, Yoksa Her İkisi mi?. Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 3(33).
  • Yiğit, S. (2013). Eurasian Union= Energy Union?. Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(51).
  • Zadorozhny, O., & Korotkyi, T. (2015). Legal assessment of the Russian Federation’s policy in the context of the establishment and activities of terrorist organizations Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Lugansk People's Republic (LPR) in eastern Ukraine. Evropsky politicky a pravni diskurz, (2, Iss. 1), 8-18.

Donetsk Remains Under Duress: The Occupation Of Eastern Ukraine

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 203 - 217, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.948044

Abstract

In the context of an emergent multipolar international system, there is consensus regarding the decline in US hegemony. The period of unipolarity that characterized the immediate decade of the post-cold war is transitioning to one whereby the repositioning of States at the regional and global level is possible. The Russian periphery is the confrontation scene that demonstrates the disputes of interests between the Russian Federation and the western alliance represented by the United States and the European Union. As the leader of NATO, the US has reaffirmed its interests in this vital region that constitutes the post-Soviet space, opposing the re-establishment of Russian hegemony in the Eurasian sphere and encouraging democratic forms of governance. In this sense, Ukraine has become the centre of a geopolitical struggle between pro-European democratic expansionism and Russian attempts to keep a key actor in the authoritarian geostrategic setting of the region under its sphere of influence. This article aims to investigate the territorial dynamics of the conflict in Ukraine within the framework of geopolitical tensions and conflicts of interests between rival power blocs.

References

  • Anuwichanont, J. (2011). The impact of price perception on customer loyalty in the airline context. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 9(9), 37-50.
  • Chang, S.S., Chang, C.C., Su, W.G. (2015). Quality or sacrifice? The influence of decision task and product characteristics on the dual role of price. Psychological Reports, 117(1), 72-88.
  • Dutta, S., Biswas, A. (2005). Effects of low price guarantees on consumer post-purchase search intention: The moderating roles of value consciousness and penalty level. Journal of Retailing, 81(4), 283-291.
  • A’Beckett, L. (2020). Assimilative representations of Ukrainian refugees in the Russian and Ukrainian press. Language of Conflict: Discourses of the Ukrainian Crisis, 253.
  • Ambrosio, T. (2007). Insulating Russia from a colour revolution: How the Kremlin resists regional democratic trends. Democratisation, 14(2), 232-252.
  • Amnesty International. (2018). Amnesty.org. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL1067002018ENGLISH.PDF.
  • Åtland, K. (2020). Destined for deadlock? Russia, Ukraine, and the unfulfilled Minsk agreements. Post-Soviet Affairs, 36(2), 122-139.
  • Baar, V., & Baarová, B. (2017). De facto states and their socio-economic structures in the post-Soviet space after the annexation of Crimea. Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej, 6, 267-303.
  • Biersack, J., & O’lear, S. (2014). The geopolitics of Russia's annexation of Crimea: narratives, identity, silences, and energy. Eurasian geography and economics, 55(3), 247-269.
  • Breslauer, G. W. (2009). Observations on Russia's foreign relations under Putin. Post-Soviet Affairs, 25(4), 370-376.
  • Brzezinski, Z. (1997). The grand chessboard (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
  • Buckley, C. A. (2012). Learning from Libya, acting in Syria. Journal of Strategic Security, 5(2), 81-104.
  • Diuk, N. (2014). Euromaidan: Ukraine's self-organizing revolution. World Affairs, 176(6), 9-16.
  • Fox, M. A. C. (2019). "Cyborgs at Little Stalingrad": A Brief History of the Battles of the Donetsk Airport. Land Warfare Institute. Retrieved from (2019).
  • Fuller, G. (2018). A sense of siege: The geopolitics of Islam and the West. Routledge.
  • Giuliano, E. (2018). Who supported separatism in Donbas? Ethnicity and popular opinion at the start of the Ukraine crisis. Post-Soviet Affairs, 34(2-3), 158-178.
  • Golovchenko, Y., Hartmann, M., & Adler-Nissen, R. (2018). State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation. International Affairs, 94(5), 975-994.
  • Gorbachev, M. S. (1989). Common European Home. From Stalinism to Pluralism, ed. Gail Stokes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
  • Grant, T. D. (2015). Annexation of Crimea. American journal of international law, 109(1), 68-95.
  • Hahn, G. M. (2018). Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the" new Cold War". McFarland.
  • Hill, F. (2013). The real reason Putin supports Assad. Foreign Affairs, 25.
  • Hoffmann, S. (1995). An American Social Science: International Relations (1977). In International Theory (pp. 212-241). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Home Office, U.K. (2019). Assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/812080/Ukraine_-_Minority_Groups_-_CPIN_-_v2.0__June_2019_.pdf.
  • Kaplan, R. D. (2002). The coming anarchy: Shattering the dreams of the post cold war. Vintage.
  • Koelle, H. (2018). Russian patronage to unrecognized states since the annexation of Crimea: A cross case study of the Republic of Abkhazia and the PMR.
  • Korotkyi, T., & Hendel, N. (2018). The Legal Status of the Donetsk and Luhansk "Peoples' Republics". The Use of Force against Ukraine and International Law (pp. 145-170). TMC Asser Press, The Hague.
  • Kostanyan, H., & Meister, S. (2016). Ukraine, Russia and the EU: Breaking the deadlock in the Minsk process.
  • Krauthammer, C. (2002). The unipolar moment revisited. The national interest, (70), 5-18.
  • Kulyk, V. (2019). Identity in transformation: Russian-speakers in post-Soviet Ukraine. Europe-Asia Studies, 71(1), 156-178.
  • Lavrov, S. (2007). Containing Russia: back to the future?. Russia in Global Affairs, 4, 18.
  • Lukin, A. (2017). Pivot to Asia: Russia's foreign policy enters the 21st century. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd.
  • Mankoff, J. (2014). Russia's latest land grab: How Putin won Crimea and lost Ukraine. Foreign Aff., 93, 60.
  • Marples, D. R., & Duke, D. F. (1995). Ukraine, Russia, and the question of Crimea. Nationalities papers, 23(2), 261-289.
  • Matera, R. (2017). G8–Suspension or Fall? From Cold War to Cold War. A Short History of Russian Participation in Major Industrial Democracies. Elżbieta Horoszewicz, Edyta Sweklej, Roman Niedziółka, Krzysztof, 171.
  • Matsuzato, K. (2017). The Donbass war: Outbreak and deadlock. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 25(2), 175-201.
  • McFaul, M. (2018). From Cold War to hot peace: The inside story of Russia and America. Penguin UK.
  • Muzaffar, M., Yaseen, Z., & Rahim, N. (2017). Changing dynamics of global politics: Transition from unipolar to multipolar world. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 1(1), 49-61.
  • Mykhailenko, H., & Cheremisin, O. (2020). New Ukraine vs Novorussia: Myths and Realities of Geopolitical Changes During the Second Half of the XVIIIth–at the end of the XIXth Century. Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, (14), 36-45.
  • Ukrinform.net. (2020). Number of Ukrainian soldiers killed in Donbas decreases tenfold over 103 days of ceasefire. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-defense/3131969-number-of-ukrainian-soldiers-killed-in-donbas-decrease-tenfold-over-103-days-of-ceasefire.html.
  • Nye, J. (2017). Soft power: the origins and political progress of a concept. Palgrave Communications, 3(1), 1-3.
  • O’Loughlin, J., Toal, G., & Kolosov, V. (2017). The rise and fall of “Novorossiya”: examining support for a separatist geopolitical imaginary in southeast Ukraine. Post-Soviet Affairs, 33(2), 124-144.
  • Podolian, O. (2015). The 2014 Referendum in Crimea. East European Quarterly, 41(1), 111-128.
  • Portnov, A. (2016). How ‘eastern Ukraine’was lost. Open Democracy, 14.
  • Putin, V. (2014). Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation. President of the Russian Federation, December.
  • Reiter, D. (2001). Why NATO enlargement does not spread democracy. International Security, 25(4), 41-67.
  • Rivarola Puntigliano, A. (2017). 21st century geopolitics: Integration and development in the age of ‘continental states’. Territory, Politics, Governance, 5(4), 478-494.
  • Sakwa, R. (2014). Frontline Ukraine: crisis in the borderlands. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Shirmammadov, K. (2015). DCTFA (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement) in EU and Ukraine Relations. Available at SSRN 2698194.
  • Shumilov, M. M. (2015). Role of International Cooperation in the Peaceful Settlement of the Conflict in Ukraine (2014-2015). Administrative Consulting.
  • Studemeyer, C. C. (2019). Cooperative Agendas and the Power of the Periphery: the US, Estonia, and NATO after the Ukraine Crisis. Geopolitics, 24(4), 787-810.
  • Tierney, M. (2016). Beyond the Central Eurasian Pivot?. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 17(1).
  • Trenin, D. (2014). Russia’s breakout from the post-cold war system. Carnegie Moscow Centre, 17.
  • Tsygankov, A. P. (2013). The Russia-NATO mistrust: Ethnophobia and the double expansion to contain “the Russian Bear”. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 46(1), 179-188.
  • Tuathail, G. Ó. (1998). Thinking critically about geopolitics. The geopolitics reader, 2, 1-14.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2000). Intimations of multipolarity. In The New World Order (pp. 1-17). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Wilson, A. (2014). Ukraine crisis: what it means for the West. Yale University Press.
  • Wilson, A. (2016). The Donbas in 2014: Explaining civil conflict perhaps, but not civil war. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(4), 631-652.
  • Yiğit, S. (2011a), “Ukraine in Regress: The Tymoshenko Trial” ORSAM Report No: 74.
  • Yiğit, S. (2011b). Yulya Timoşenko: Tanrıça mı, Cadı mı, Yoksa Her İkisi mi?. Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 3(33).
  • Yiğit, S. (2013). Eurasian Union= Energy Union?. Middle Eastern Analysis/Ortadogu Analiz, 5(51).
  • Zadorozhny, O., & Korotkyi, T. (2015). Legal assessment of the Russian Federation’s policy in the context of the establishment and activities of terrorist organizations Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Lugansk People's Republic (LPR) in eastern Ukraine. Evropsky politicky a pravni diskurz, (2, Iss. 1), 8-18.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Süreyya Yiğit 0000-0002-8025-5147

Publication Date September 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yiğit, S. (2021). Donetsk Remains Under Duress: The Occupation Of Eastern Ukraine. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.948044