HBSAG POZİTİFLİĞİ OLAN ERİŞKİN HASTALARDA HEPATİT A SEROPREVALANSININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2024, , 81 - 85, 17.01.2024

Filiz Bayar , Oktay Demirtaş

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1225138

Abstract

AMAÇ: Hepatit A genel olarak kendini sınırlayan bir enfeksiyon olmakla birlikte fulminan hepatit nadir görülen en ciddi komplikasyonudur. Kronik hepatit B gibi kronik karaciğer hastalıklarının varlığında fulminan hepatit riski artmaktadır. Bu nedenle hastalarda Hepatit A Virüsüne (HAV) karşı bağışıklık durumunun araştırılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada HBsAg pozitif olan erişkin hastalarda HAV seroprevalansının değerlendirilmesi, seronegatif erişkinlerin saptanması ve bu bireylerin immünizasyonunun sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji polikliniğine 1 Ocak 2020 – 1 Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran HBsAg pozitif, 18 yaş ve üzeri hastaların tümünde anti-HAV antikoru (Anti-HAV IgG) sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Hastalardan alınan kan örneklerinde HBsAg ve anti-HAV IgG kemilüminesans esasına dayanan “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” (ELISA) yöntemi kullanılarak çalışılmıştır.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 286 hasta dahil edilmiş olup bunların 113 (%39,5)’ünde Anti-HAV IgG araştırılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. HBsAg pozitifliği olan ve Anti-HAV IgG serolojisi araştırılan , yaş aralığı 24-88 arasında değişen 173 hasta ( 88 kadın, 85 erkek) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Toplam 155 (%89,6) hastada Anti-HAV IgG pozitif olarak saptanmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak cinsiyet yönünden değerlendirildiğinde iki grup arasında bir fark saptanmamıştır (p= 0.938). Yaş grupları incelendiğinde Anti-HAV IgG pozitifliği en düşük ( %45,5) 18-29 yaş grubunda gözlenmiştir. 60 ve üzeri yaş grubunda anti-HAV IgG pozitifliği %100 olarak belirlenmiştir.
SONUÇ: HBsAg pozitif hastalarda HAV virüs enfeksiyonun mortalite ve morbiditeyi arttırması sebebi ile, anti-HAV IgG taramasının yapılması ve seronegatif bireylerin immünizasyonunun sağlanmasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

HBsAg, Hepatit A enfeksiyonu, Seroprevalans, İmmünizasyon

EVALUATION OF HEPATITIS A SEROPREVALENCE IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH HBSAG POSITIVITY

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Although Hepatitis A is generally a self-limiting infection, fulminant hepatitis is the rare and most critical complication. The risk of fulminant hepatitis increases in the presence of chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B. Therefore, it is important to investigate the immune status of patients against Hepatitis A Virus (HAV). This study targets to evaluate the HAV seroprevalence in HBsAg positive adult patients, to determine the seronegative adults and to provide immunisation of these individuals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of anti-HAV antibody (Anti-HAV IgG) were evaluated in all HBsAg positive patients aged 18 years and over who applied to the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology outpatient clinic between 01.01.2020 and 01.01.2021. Blood samples of the patients were studied through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method based on HBsAg and anti-HAV IgG chemiluminescence.
RESULTS: The research comprised of 286 participants, of which 113 (39.5%) were not screened for anti-HAV IgG. A total of 173 patients (88 females, 85 males) with HBsAg positivity and anti-HAV IgG serology aged between 24-88 years were included in the study. Anti-HAV IgG positivity was detected in total of 155 (89.6%) patients. When statistically evaluated in terms of gender, no difference was found between the two groups (p= 0.938). When the age groups were examined, anti-HAV IgG positivity was specified at the lowest rate (45.5%) in the 18-29 age group. Anti-HAV IgG positivity was detected as 100% in the 60 and over age group.
CONCLUSIONS: Since HAV virus infection increases mortality and morbidity in HBsAg positive patients, it is thought that anti-HAV IgG screening and immunisation of seronegative individuals is necessary.

Keywords

HBsAg, Hepatitis A infection, Seroprevalence, Immunization

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