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INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 407 - 412, 21.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In our study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and alexithymia, which is defined as a personality trait characterized by a limited ability to recognize and express emotions, externally-oriented thinking, and imagination, in patients diagnosed with substance use disorder.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 patients diagnosed with substance use disorder who applied to our hospital’s Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center (ADTC) and 50 healthy controls with similar sociocultural characteristics but without substance use disorder and additional psychiatric disorders were included. Participants filled out the sociodemographic data form and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scales.
RESULTS: In the patient group, a significant correlation was found between the PSS and difficulty identifying feelings (r=0,685) and difficulty describing feelings (r=0,515) subscales of TAS-20 (p<0,01). In the control group, it was observed that lower but significant correlations were established between ASQ and all subscales of TAS-20 (r=0,318-0.394, p<0,05). When the independent T-test results between the groups were examined, it was seen that there were significant differences in favor of the patient group in terms of TAS-20 subscales (difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, externally-oriented thinking) (p<0,05).
CONCLUSIONS: Alexithymia occurs at higher levels in people with substance use disorder and has stronger relationships with perceived stress levels than in the control group.

References

  • 1. Merikangas KR, He J-p, Burstein M, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49(10):980-89.
  • 2. Swendsen J, Burstein M, Case B, et al. Use and abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs in US adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(4):390-98.
  • 3. Bankier B, Aigner M, Bach M. Alexithymia in DSM-IV disorder: comparative evaluation of somatoform disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression. Psychosomatics. 2001;42(3):235- 40.
  • 4. Zackheim L. Alexithymia: The expanding realm of research. Elsevier. 2007;63(4):345-47.
  • 5. Ogrodniczuk JS, Piper WE, Joyce AS. Effect of alexithymia on the process and outcome of psychotherapy: A programmatic review. Psychiatry Res. 2011;190(1):43-8.
  • 6. Sifneos PE. The prevalence of ‘alexithymic’characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1973;22(2-6):255-62.
  • 7. Tolmunen T, Heliste M, Lehto SM, et al. Stability of alexithymia in the general population: an 11-year follow- up. Comp Psychiatry. 2011;52(5):536-41.
  • 8. Cecero JJ, Holmstrom RW. Alexithymia and affect pathology among adult male alcoholics. J Clin Psychol. 1997;53(3):201-8.
  • 9. Evren C, Kose S, Sayar K, et al. Alexithymia and temperament and character model of personality in alcohol‐dependent Turkish men. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2008;62(4):371-8.
  • 10. Shishido H, Gaher RM, Simons JS. I don't know how I feel, therefore I act: Alexithymia, urgency, and alcohol problems. Addictive Behaviors. 2013;38(4):2014-17.
  • 11. Şaşıoğlu M, Gülol Ç, Tosun A. Aleksitimi kavramı. Psikiyatr Guncel Yaklaşimlar. 2013;5(4):507-27.
  • 12. Freyberger H. Supportive psychotherapeutic techniques in primary and secondary alexithymia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1977;28(1/4):337-42.
  • 13. Messina A, Beadle J, Paradiso S. Towards a classification of alexithymia: primary, secondary and organic. Journal of Psychopathology. 2014;20:38-49.
  • 14. De Gucht V, Heiser W. Alexithymia and somatisation: a quantitative review of the literature. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(5):425-34.
  • 15. Cameron A, Reed KP, Ninnemann A. Reactivity to negative affect in smokers: The role of implicit associations and distress tolerance in smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors. 2013;38(12):2905-12.
  • 16. Winward JL, Bekman NM, Hanson KL, et al. Changes in emotional reactivity and distress tolerance among heavy drinking adolescents during sustained abstinence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2014;38(6):1761-69.
  • 17. Semcho S, Bilsky SA, Lewis SF, et al. Distress tolerance predicts coping motives for marijuana use among treatment seeking young adults. Addictive Behaviors. 2016;58:85-9.
  • 18. Martin JB, Pihl R. The stress-alexithymia hypothesis: theoretical and empirical considerations. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1985;43(4):169-76.
  • 19. El Rasheed AH. Alexithymia in Egyptian substance abusers. Substance Abuse. 2001;22:11-21.
  • 20. Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale I. Item selection and cross- validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(1):23-32.
  • 21. Bagby RM, Taylor GJ, Parker JD. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(1):33-40.
  • 22. Güleç H, Köse S, Güleç MY, et al. Reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2009;19(3):214-20.
  • 23. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1983:385-96.
  • 24. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, et al., editors. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 2013;51:132-40.
  • 25. Henschel AV, Flanagan JC, Augur IF, et al. Motives for prescription opioid use: The role of alexithymia and distress tolerance. The American Journal on Addictions. 2022;31(1):55-60.
  • 26. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Baum A. Socioeconomic status is associated with stress hormones. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2006;68(3):414-20.
  • 27. El Rasheed AH, Elserafy DM, Marey MA, et al. Mood regulation, alexithymia, and personality disorders in female patients with opioid use disorders. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2022;29(1):1-10.
  • 28. Haviland MG, Hendryx MS, Cummings MA, et al. Multidimensionality and state dependency of alexithymia in recently sober alcoholics. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1991;179(5):284-90.
  • 29. Evren EC, Eken B, Çakmak D. Alkol bağimlilarinda aleksitimi ve depresyon, anksiyete ve kişilik bozukluklari ile ilişkisi. Bağimlik Dergisi. 2003;4(7):42-57.
  • 30. Sevi OM, Genç Y, Odabaşıoğlu G, et al. Alkol bağımlılığında aleksitiminin anksiyete, sosyal anksiyete, benlik Saygısı ve erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğuyla ilişkisi: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. 2014;15(1):10-4.
  • 31. Özsoy F. Alkol-Madde Bağımlılarında D Tipi Kişilik Özellikleri ve Aleksitimi. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi. 2019;1(Özel Sayı 1):12-15.
  • 32. Evren C, Dalbudak E, Çakmak D. Alexithymia and personality in relation to dimensions of psychopathology in male alcohol-dependent inpatients. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni. 2008;18(1):1-8.

MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 407 - 412, 21.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039

Abstract

AMAÇ: Çalışmamızda, madde kullanım bozukluğu tanılı hastalarda, duyguları tanıma, ifade etme, dışa dönük düşünme ve hayal gücünde kısıtlılıkla karakterize bir kişilik özelliği olarak tanımlanan aleksitimi ile algılanan stres arasında ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Hastanemiz alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi Merkezi’ne (AMATEM) başvuran 52 madde kullanım bozukluğu tanılı hasta ve benzer sosyokültürel özelliklere sahip ancak madde kullanım bozukluğu ve ek psikiyatrik rahatsızlığı olmayan 50 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar sosyodemografik veri formu ile Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği-20 (TAÖ-20), Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ) ölçeklerini doldurmuştur.
BULGULAR: Hasta grubunda ASÖ ile TAÖ-20’nin duyguları tanımada güçlük (r=0,685) ve duyguları söze dökmede güçlük (r=0,515) alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmıştır (p<0,01). Kontrol grubunda ise ASÖ ile TAÖ-20’nin tüm alt boyutları arasında daha düşük fakat anlamlı korelasyon belirlenmiştir (r=0,318-0,394, p<0,05). Gruplar arası bağımsız T-testi sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise TAÖ-20 alt boyutları (duyguları tanımada güçlük, duyguları sözde dökmede güçlük, dışa dönük düşünme) açısından hasta grubu lehine anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05).
SONUÇ: Aleksitimi madde kullanım bozukluğu olan kişilerde daha yüksek seviyelerde karşımıza çıkmakta ve algılanan stres seviyeleriyle kontrol grubuna göre daha güçlü ilişkiler kurmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi etik kurulundan onay alınmıştır (tarih: 26/07/2023 no: E-23/1320). Çalışmanın konusu ve amacı anlatıldıktan sonra çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden katılımcılardan aydınlatılmış onam form alınmıştır

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

Destek ve Teşekkür Beyanı: Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadıklarını beyan etmişlerdir.

References

  • 1. Merikangas KR, He J-p, Burstein M, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2010;49(10):980-89.
  • 2. Swendsen J, Burstein M, Case B, et al. Use and abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs in US adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(4):390-98.
  • 3. Bankier B, Aigner M, Bach M. Alexithymia in DSM-IV disorder: comparative evaluation of somatoform disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression. Psychosomatics. 2001;42(3):235- 40.
  • 4. Zackheim L. Alexithymia: The expanding realm of research. Elsevier. 2007;63(4):345-47.
  • 5. Ogrodniczuk JS, Piper WE, Joyce AS. Effect of alexithymia on the process and outcome of psychotherapy: A programmatic review. Psychiatry Res. 2011;190(1):43-8.
  • 6. Sifneos PE. The prevalence of ‘alexithymic’characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1973;22(2-6):255-62.
  • 7. Tolmunen T, Heliste M, Lehto SM, et al. Stability of alexithymia in the general population: an 11-year follow- up. Comp Psychiatry. 2011;52(5):536-41.
  • 8. Cecero JJ, Holmstrom RW. Alexithymia and affect pathology among adult male alcoholics. J Clin Psychol. 1997;53(3):201-8.
  • 9. Evren C, Kose S, Sayar K, et al. Alexithymia and temperament and character model of personality in alcohol‐dependent Turkish men. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2008;62(4):371-8.
  • 10. Shishido H, Gaher RM, Simons JS. I don't know how I feel, therefore I act: Alexithymia, urgency, and alcohol problems. Addictive Behaviors. 2013;38(4):2014-17.
  • 11. Şaşıoğlu M, Gülol Ç, Tosun A. Aleksitimi kavramı. Psikiyatr Guncel Yaklaşimlar. 2013;5(4):507-27.
  • 12. Freyberger H. Supportive psychotherapeutic techniques in primary and secondary alexithymia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1977;28(1/4):337-42.
  • 13. Messina A, Beadle J, Paradiso S. Towards a classification of alexithymia: primary, secondary and organic. Journal of Psychopathology. 2014;20:38-49.
  • 14. De Gucht V, Heiser W. Alexithymia and somatisation: a quantitative review of the literature. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(5):425-34.
  • 15. Cameron A, Reed KP, Ninnemann A. Reactivity to negative affect in smokers: The role of implicit associations and distress tolerance in smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors. 2013;38(12):2905-12.
  • 16. Winward JL, Bekman NM, Hanson KL, et al. Changes in emotional reactivity and distress tolerance among heavy drinking adolescents during sustained abstinence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2014;38(6):1761-69.
  • 17. Semcho S, Bilsky SA, Lewis SF, et al. Distress tolerance predicts coping motives for marijuana use among treatment seeking young adults. Addictive Behaviors. 2016;58:85-9.
  • 18. Martin JB, Pihl R. The stress-alexithymia hypothesis: theoretical and empirical considerations. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 1985;43(4):169-76.
  • 19. El Rasheed AH. Alexithymia in Egyptian substance abusers. Substance Abuse. 2001;22:11-21.
  • 20. Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale I. Item selection and cross- validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(1):23-32.
  • 21. Bagby RM, Taylor GJ, Parker JD. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(1):33-40.
  • 22. Güleç H, Köse S, Güleç MY, et al. Reliability and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2009;19(3):214-20.
  • 23. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1983:385-96.
  • 24. Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, et al., editors. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal. 2013;51:132-40.
  • 25. Henschel AV, Flanagan JC, Augur IF, et al. Motives for prescription opioid use: The role of alexithymia and distress tolerance. The American Journal on Addictions. 2022;31(1):55-60.
  • 26. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Baum A. Socioeconomic status is associated with stress hormones. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2006;68(3):414-20.
  • 27. El Rasheed AH, Elserafy DM, Marey MA, et al. Mood regulation, alexithymia, and personality disorders in female patients with opioid use disorders. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2022;29(1):1-10.
  • 28. Haviland MG, Hendryx MS, Cummings MA, et al. Multidimensionality and state dependency of alexithymia in recently sober alcoholics. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1991;179(5):284-90.
  • 29. Evren EC, Eken B, Çakmak D. Alkol bağimlilarinda aleksitimi ve depresyon, anksiyete ve kişilik bozukluklari ile ilişkisi. Bağimlik Dergisi. 2003;4(7):42-57.
  • 30. Sevi OM, Genç Y, Odabaşıoğlu G, et al. Alkol bağımlılığında aleksitiminin anksiyete, sosyal anksiyete, benlik Saygısı ve erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğuyla ilişkisi: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. 2014;15(1):10-4.
  • 31. Özsoy F. Alkol-Madde Bağımlılarında D Tipi Kişilik Özellikleri ve Aleksitimi. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi. 2019;1(Özel Sayı 1):12-15.
  • 32. Evren C, Dalbudak E, Çakmak D. Alexithymia and personality in relation to dimensions of psychopathology in male alcohol-dependent inpatients. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni. 2008;18(1):1-8.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kübra Sezer Katar 0000-0001-7184-7960

Gamze Zengin İspir 0000-0003-3936-6619

Mustafa Danışman 0000-0002-7403-8840

Publication Date October 21, 2024
Submission Date December 19, 2023
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Sezer Katar, K., Zengin İspir, G., & Danışman, M. (2024). MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 25(4), 407-412. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039
AMA Sezer Katar K, Zengin İspir G, Danışman M. MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. KTD. October 2024;25(4):407-412. doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039
Chicago Sezer Katar, Kübra, Gamze Zengin İspir, and Mustafa Danışman. “MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25, no. 4 (October 2024): 407-12. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039.
EndNote Sezer Katar K, Zengin İspir G, Danışman M (October 1, 2024) MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25 4 407–412.
IEEE K. Sezer Katar, G. Zengin İspir, and M. Danışman, “MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”, KTD, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 407–412, 2024, doi: 10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039.
ISNAD Sezer Katar, Kübra et al. “MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 25/4 (October 2024), 407-412. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039.
JAMA Sezer Katar K, Zengin İspir G, Danışman M. MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. KTD. 2024;25:407–412.
MLA Sezer Katar, Kübra et al. “MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 4, 2024, pp. 407-12, doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1406039.
Vancouver Sezer Katar K, Zengin İspir G, Danışman M. MADDE KULLANIM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI HASTALARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE ALGILANAN STRES İLİŞKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. KTD. 2024;25(4):407-12.

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