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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>konjes</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-8055</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Konya Technical University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36306/konjes.1139694</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>BETONARME SÜREKLİ KİRİŞLERDE OPTİMAL KESİT VE DONATI ORANLARININ PARÇACIK SÜRÜ OPTİMİZASYON ALGORİTMASI İLE BELİRLENMESİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Determination Of Optimal Cross-Section and Reinforcement Ratios in RC Continuous Beams by Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2359-3120</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Derdiman</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet K.</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20221203">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>03</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>10</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>923</fpage>
                                        <lpage>940</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220702">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20220922">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2004, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2004</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Tüm dünyada mühendislik tasarımları için optimizasyon giderek büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır. Betonarme taşıyıcı sistem elemanlarında da optimal tasarımlar hem performans hem de ekonomi açısından çok önemlidir. Betonarme yapı elemanlarının ekonomik olarak tasarımı, boyutların belirlenmesinde izlenen prosedür gereği ve yönetmeliklerdeki koşul ve kısıtlamalardan dolayı karmaşık bir tasarım zorluğuna sahiptir. Ayrıca kesit boyutlarının tercihinde çok sayıda alternatif mevcuttur. Kesit tercihleri genelde deneyime dayalı ön boyut seçimi ile belirlenir ve ekonomik olmayan kesitler ortaya çıkar. Bunun yanında kesitte yer alan beton ve donatının birim fiyatları ve birbirine oranı zaman zaman değişmekte, bu da ekonomik kesit boyutlarını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada sürekli kirişlerde yer alan ve ön boyutlamada genelde esas alınan bir iç kirişin TS500 hesap yöntemleri ve kısıtları ile değişen tasarım yükleri ve beton sınıfları altında optimum kesit boyutları ve donatı oranlarının belirlenmesi için optimizasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Optimizasyonda çok kullanılan ve yaygın şekilde bilinen metasezgisel yaklaşımlardan parçacık sürü optimizasyon algoritması (PSO) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bir sürekli kirişin iç (ara) kirişi ele alınmıştır. Farklı beton sınıfları ve değişen tasarım yükleri ve kiriş boyları altında çok sayıda model oluşturulmuş ve optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modellerin her biri için kesit boyutları ve donatı kesit alanları minimum maliyeti verecek şekilde optimize edilmiştir.  Analiz sonuçlarında değişen kiriş boyu ve tasarım yükleri altında beton sınıflarına bağlı olarak kiriş kesit ve donatı oranlarındaki değişim belirlenmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Optimization is becoming increasingly important for engineering designs all over the world. Optimal designs in reinforced concrete structural system elements are also very important in terms of both performance and economy. The economical design of reinforced concrete structural elements has a complex design challenge due to the procedure followed in determining the dimensions and due to the conditions and restrictions in the regulations. In addition, there are many alternatives in the choice of cross-section dimensions. Cross-sectional preferences are usually determined by pre-size selection based on experience, and uneconomical cross-sections arise. In addition, the unit prices and the ratio of the concrete and reinforcement contained in the cross section to each other change from time to time, which affects the economic dimensions of the cross section. In this study, optimization analysis was performed to determine the optimum section dimensions and reinforcement ratios with TS500 calculation methods and constraints of an inner beam in continuous beams, which is generally taken as a basis for pre-sizing. Particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), one of the widely used and widely known metaheuristics, is used in optimization. In the study, the inner beam of a continuous beam is considered. A large number of models have been created and optimized under different classes of concrete and varying design loads and beam lengths. For each of the models, the cross-sectional dimensions and the cross-sectional areas of the reinforcement are optimized to give the minimum cost. In the results of the analysis, the change in the cross-section and reinforcement ratios of the beams was determined depending on the concrete classes under varying beam length and design loads.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Optimal Kiriş Kesiti</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Optimal Donatı oranı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kiriş optimizasyonu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO)</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Optimal Beam Section</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Optimal reinforcement ratio</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Beam optimization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Particle swarm optimization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO)</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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