Research Article
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ENCAPSULATION OF VITAMIN D IN THE EXINE-ALGINATE-CHITOSAN MICROCAPSULE SYSTEM

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 192 - 204, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1359158

Abstract

The insufficiency of vitamin D, resulting from inadequate exposure to sunlight and/or insufficient dietary intake, remains a major public health concern on a global scale. In this study, vitamin D2 and D3 were microencapsulated using sporopollenin exine microcapsules extracted from Cedrus libani pollens. After loading vitamin D into the microcapsules, they were coated with chitosan, an edible, biocompatible, and mucoadhesive polysaccharide, and alginate (a food additive agent coded E401). Exine microcapsules were extracted by microwave irradiation-assisted chemical method, and structural and morphological examination of exine structures was performed by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and SEM-EDX analyses. After loading vitamin D into microcapsules in an ethanol medium, the loaded microcapsules were immobilised into the alginate matrix in a calcium chloride solution. D2 and D3 were loaded into 100 mg of sporopollenin exine microcapsules, resulting in loading efficiencies of 31.5 mg and 16.0 mg, respectively. The vitamin D release performance of the microcapsules was examined depending on time and temperature after they were coated with a thin chitosan layer. The release of the highest amount of vitamin D2 and D3 occurred at a temperature of 37°C. Encapsulating vitamin D molecules in chitosan and alginate creates a barrier against degrading environmental conditions, which helps prevent the loss of vitamin D biological activity. This can improve vitamin D dietary supplements' storage, preservation, and marketing requirements.

Ethical Statement

No ethical committee approval was required for the materials and methods used in the study.

Supporting Institution

Selcuk University Research Foundation

Project Number

BAP-23201018

Thanks

The study was funded by the Selcuk University Research Foundation, Konya, Turkey (BAP-23201018).

References

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  • Z. Tarakçı and M. Dervişoğlu, "Vitamin D, Beslenmede Önemi ve Gıdalarda Zenginleştirmesi," Türkiye, vol. 9, pp. 24-26, 2009.
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  • M. Mujtaba, I. Sargin, L. Akyuz, T. Ceter, and M. Kaya, "Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Platanus orientalis pollens as a vehicle for controlled drug delivery," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 77, pp. 263-270, 2017/08/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.176.
  • T. Baran, I. Sargin, M. Kaya, A. Menteş, and T. Ceter, "Design and application of sporopollenin microcapsule supported palladium catalyst: Remarkably high turnover frequency and reusability in catalysis of biaryls," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 486, pp. 194-203, 2017/01/15/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.09.071.
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  • İ. Gökbulut and F. S. Öztürk, "Gıda mikrokapsülasyonunda aljinat kullanımı," Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1/2, pp. 16-28, 2018.
  • B. Demir and A. Demirdöven, "Aljinat ve Meyve-Sebze Ürünlerindeki Uygulamaları," Journal of New Results in Engineering and Natural Sciences, no. 9, pp. 20-34, 2019.
  • K. Y. Lee and D. J. Mooney, "Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 106-126, 2012/01/01/ 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003.
  • N. K. Kuzgun and A. G. İnanlı, "Kitosan üretimi ve özellikleri ile kitosanın kullanım alanları," Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, no. 2, pp. 16-21, 2013.
  • Z. Yıldırım, N. Öncül, and M. Yıldırım, "Kitosan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri," Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19-36, 2015.
  • X.-Y. Shi and T.-W. Tan, "Preparation of chitosan/ethylcellulose complex microcapsule and its application in controlled release of Vitamin D2," Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. 4469-4473, 2002.
  • W. Li et al., "Amphiphilic chitosan derivative-based core–shell micelles: Synthesis, characterisation and properties for sustained release of Vitamin D3," Food chemistry, vol. 152, pp. 307-315, 2014.
  • N. Jannasari, M. Fathi, S. J. Moshtaghian, and A. Abbaspourrad, "Microencapsulation of vitamin D using gelatin and cress seed mucilage: Production, characterization and in vivo study," International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 129, pp. 972-979, 2019.
  • L. Akyuz, I. Sargin, M. Kaya, T. Ceter, and I. Akata, "A new pollen-derived microcarrier for pantoprazole delivery," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 71, pp. 937-942, 2017.
  • M. Mujtaba et al., "Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra as carrier for Oxaliplatin; xCELLigence RTCA-based release assay," Polymer Bulletin, pp. 1-22, 2022.
  • I. Sargin et al., "Controlled release and anti-proliferative effect of imatinib mesylate loaded sporopollenin microcapsules extracted from pollens of Betula pendula," International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 105, pp. 749-756, 2017/12/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.093.
  • F. E. Atalay, A. A. Culum, H. Kaya, G. Gokturk, and E. Yigit, "Different plant sporopollenin exine capsules and their multifunctional usage," ACS Applied Bio Materials, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1348-1360, 2022.
  • E. Grienenberger and T. D. Quilichini, "The toughest material in the plant kingdom: an update on sporopollenin," Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 12, p. 703864, 2021.
Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 192 - 204, 01.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1359158

Abstract

Project Number

BAP-23201018

References

  • E. Erbay, S. Mersin, and Ö. İbrahimoğlu, "D Vitamini ve vücut sistemleri üzerine etkisi," Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 201-206, 2019.
  • E. Avşar and D. L. Şahiner, "D Vitamini? ne Genel Bir Bakış," Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 168-174, 2020.
  • M. B. Y. Çimen and Ö. B. Çimen, "Obezite ve D vitamini," Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 102-112, 2016.
  • Y. Doğan, "D vitaminin Kognisyon, Fiziksel Fonksiyon ve Ultrasonografik Cilt, Cilt Altı Yağ Dokusu ve Kas Ölçümleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi," 2021.
  • Z. Tarakçı and M. Dervişoğlu, "Vitamin D, Beslenmede Önemi ve Gıdalarda Zenginleştirmesi," Türkiye, vol. 9, pp. 24-26, 2009.
  • C. Bilbao-Sainz et al., "Vitamin D-fortified chitosan films from mushroom waste," Carbohydrate polymers, vol. 167, pp. 97-104, 2017.
  • M. Mujtaba, I. Sargin, L. Akyuz, T. Ceter, and M. Kaya, "Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Platanus orientalis pollens as a vehicle for controlled drug delivery," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 77, pp. 263-270, 2017/08/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.176.
  • T. Baran, I. Sargin, M. Kaya, A. Menteş, and T. Ceter, "Design and application of sporopollenin microcapsule supported palladium catalyst: Remarkably high turnover frequency and reusability in catalysis of biaryls," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 486, pp. 194-203, 2017/01/15/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.09.071.
  • F.-S. Li, P. Phyo, J. Jacobowitz, M. Hong, and J.-K. Weng, "The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin," Nature plants, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 41-46, 2019.
  • İ. Gökbulut and F. S. Öztürk, "Gıda mikrokapsülasyonunda aljinat kullanımı," Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1/2, pp. 16-28, 2018.
  • B. Demir and A. Demirdöven, "Aljinat ve Meyve-Sebze Ürünlerindeki Uygulamaları," Journal of New Results in Engineering and Natural Sciences, no. 9, pp. 20-34, 2019.
  • K. Y. Lee and D. J. Mooney, "Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 106-126, 2012/01/01/ 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003.
  • N. K. Kuzgun and A. G. İnanlı, "Kitosan üretimi ve özellikleri ile kitosanın kullanım alanları," Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, no. 2, pp. 16-21, 2013.
  • Z. Yıldırım, N. Öncül, and M. Yıldırım, "Kitosan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri," Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19-36, 2015.
  • X.-Y. Shi and T.-W. Tan, "Preparation of chitosan/ethylcellulose complex microcapsule and its application in controlled release of Vitamin D2," Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. 4469-4473, 2002.
  • W. Li et al., "Amphiphilic chitosan derivative-based core–shell micelles: Synthesis, characterisation and properties for sustained release of Vitamin D3," Food chemistry, vol. 152, pp. 307-315, 2014.
  • N. Jannasari, M. Fathi, S. J. Moshtaghian, and A. Abbaspourrad, "Microencapsulation of vitamin D using gelatin and cress seed mucilage: Production, characterization and in vivo study," International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 129, pp. 972-979, 2019.
  • L. Akyuz, I. Sargin, M. Kaya, T. Ceter, and I. Akata, "A new pollen-derived microcarrier for pantoprazole delivery," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 71, pp. 937-942, 2017.
  • M. Mujtaba et al., "Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra as carrier for Oxaliplatin; xCELLigence RTCA-based release assay," Polymer Bulletin, pp. 1-22, 2022.
  • I. Sargin et al., "Controlled release and anti-proliferative effect of imatinib mesylate loaded sporopollenin microcapsules extracted from pollens of Betula pendula," International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 105, pp. 749-756, 2017/12/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.093.
  • F. E. Atalay, A. A. Culum, H. Kaya, G. Gokturk, and E. Yigit, "Different plant sporopollenin exine capsules and their multifunctional usage," ACS Applied Bio Materials, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1348-1360, 2022.
  • E. Grienenberger and T. D. Quilichini, "The toughest material in the plant kingdom: an update on sporopollenin," Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 12, p. 703864, 2021.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülnur Duysak 0009-0004-9069-8525

Idris Sargin 0000-0003-3785-9575

Project Number BAP-23201018
Publication Date March 1, 2024
Submission Date September 12, 2023
Acceptance Date February 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE G. Duysak and I. Sargin, “ENCAPSULATION OF VITAMIN D IN THE EXINE-ALGINATE-CHITOSAN MICROCAPSULE SYSTEM”, KONJES, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 192–204, 2024, doi: 10.36306/konjes.1359158.