Eski Ahit’in Ekonomik Analizi

Year 2018, Issue: 35, 207 - 229, 01.07.2018

Kürşat Haldun Akalın

Abstract

Eski Ahit’te, kardeşinden faiz almayacaksın şeklinde İsrailli bir borçlu hakkında çok özel bir yasak vardır. Tevrat olarak adlandırılan Eski Ahit’in ilk beş kitabında veya Musa’nın şeriatinde, fakirden faiz alınmasına yasak getirilmişken zenginlerden faiz alınması yasaklanmamıştır. Aynı zamanda bu yasaklama İsrailli olmayanlardan faiz alınmasına yasak getirmemektedir. Bir bütün olarak İsrail dini, Yahve ile seçtiği halkı arasında akdettiği anlaşmadan başka bir şey değildir; bu tanrısal ahit, kısmen bu dünyada ve kısmen de ahrette, yerine getirdiği görevlerden dolayı kişiyi ödüllendirirken önemsemeyip yapmadığı her buyruk için de cezalandırmaktadır. Eski Ahit’in pek çok yerinde, fakirlik ve borç almak bir tanrı cezası olarak görülürken, zenginlik ve faizli borç vermek de tanrının bir ödülü olarak yüceltilmiştir.

Keywords

Tefecilik, Ticaret, Eski Ahit, Talmud, Kapitalist

The Economic Analysis of The Old Testament

Abstract

In the Old Testament, there was a special prohibition of a Jewish debtor that dont take interest from your brother. In the first five books of Old Testament or the sharia of Moses which named Torah, not prohibited taking interest from richs but from poors. At the same time this prohibition wasn’t ordered that taking interest from non-jews. The whole Jewish religion is in reality nothing but a contract between Yahweh and his chosen people, this divine contract usually set forth that man is rewarded for duties performed and punished for duties neglected, the rewards and punishments being received partly in this and partly in the next world.. There are many places in the Old Testament which regard poverty and debt as a punishment of God, and which exalt to richness and creditor as a reward of God.

Keywords

Usury, Trade, Old Testament, Talmud, Capitalist

References

• ANONİM (2004). Kitabı Mukaddes Eski ve Yeni Ahit, Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi İstanbul
• BENTHAM J. (1974). Defense of Usury , Clarendon Press, New York
• BLİDSTEİN G. (1975). Honor Thy Father And Mother : Filial Responsibility İn Jewish Law and, New York
• BYRON (1990). In partnership with God : contemporary Jewish law and ethics, Syracuse
• COHEN B. (1949). Everyman's Talmud , E. P. Dutton, New York
• COHEN S.J. (1973). Sefer hayashar: the Book of the righteous, New York
• DANİEL Z. F. (1999). The right and the good : halakhah and human relations, Northvale
• DOPSCH A. (1937). The economic and social foundations of European civilization, London
• DORFF E.N. (2003). Love Your Neighbor And Yourself : A Jewish Approach, Philadelphia
• GOLDİN J. (1955). The Fathers according to Rabbi Nathan. Translated from the Hebrew, New Haven
• GOLDİN J. (1957). The Living Talmud : The Wisdom of the Fathers, New York
• GOODMAN L.E. (1998). Judaism, human rights, and human values, New York
• GOODMAN L.E. (1976). Rambam : readings in the philosophy of Moses Maimonides, New York
• HAJMAN A. (1968). The foundations of Jewish ethics, Koller, New York
• HOOKE S.H. (1938). The Origins of Semitic Ritual, New York
• HUNT E.S. (2004). A History Business in Medieval Europe 1200-1550, New York
• JACOBS L. (1998). A Jewish Theology, New York
• JOSEPH M. (1964). Judaism as Creed and Life, London
• KOHLER L. (1956). Hebrew Man, London
• KADUSHİSS M. (1956). The Rabbinic Mind, New York
• MAİMONİDES M. (1975). Ethical writings of Maimonides, New York
• MAİMONİDES M. (1966). The eight chapters of Maimonides on ethics (Shemonah perakim), New York
• MONTEFİORE C.G. ; Loewe H. (1960). A rabbinic anthology, New York
• NEUSNER J. (1976). The way of Torah: An Introduction to Judaism, California
• NEUSNER J. (1990). The economics of the Jewish People, Chicago Press
• NOTH M. (1981) , The Deutoronomistic History, New York
• NOVAK D. (1992). Jewish social ethics, New York
• OESTERLEY W.O. (1930). Hebrew Religion : İt's Origin and Development, London
• PARKES J. (1941). The Conflict of the Church and the Synagogue, New York
• PİCA J.N. (1962). The Banking and Finance Among Jews in Renaissance Italy, New York
• PLOTNİK M.J. (1937). Werner Sombart and his type of economics, New York
• POUNDS N.J. (1974). An economic history of medieval Europe, Longman, New York
• RABİ Behar N. (2004). Dini Uygulama Rehberi, İstanbul
• ROBERTSON H.M. (1933). Aspects of the Rise of Economic Individualism, Cambridge
• RODKİNSON M.L. (1918). The Babylonian Talmud, New York
• SCHECHTER S. (1954).Aspects of Rabbinic Theology, Philadelphia
• SCOTT R. (1971) The way of in the Old Testament, New York
• SEARS D. (1998). Compassion for humanity in the Jewish tradition, Northvale
• SHATZMİLLER J. (1990). Sylock Reconsidered : Jews , Moneylending and Medieval Society, Berkeley
• SHEAR E.M. ; Chaim M. (1998). The Rich Go To Heaven : Giving Charity İn Jewish Thought, Northvale
• SOMBART W. (1951). The jews and modern capitalism, Glencoe
• SOMBART W. (1967). The Quintessence of Capitalism, New York
• TAMARİ M. (1987). With all your possessions : Jewish ethics and economic life, London
• TRAVERS R. (1966)., Christianity in Talmud and Midrash, New York
• WAXMAN M. (1958). Judaism: religion and ethics, New York
• WOUK H. (1964). This is my God : The Jewish way of life, New York
• WOOD D. (2005). Medieval Economic Thought, New York
• ZİON B.B. (1951). The Wisdom of Talmud : A Thousands Years of Jewish Thought, New York