Organize Bir Suç Olarak İnsan Ticareti: Arnavutluk Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 659 - 687, 29.04.2021

Furkan Yıldız , Ali Hüseyinoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.782030

Abstract

İnsan ticareti, uluslararası hukukun ve ülkelerin iç hukuk mekanizmalarının önlem almaya çalıştığı, daha çok suç olarak görülen fakat mağdurlarının çoğu zaman tam manasıyla ihlal edilen haklarını geri alamadığı bir olgudur. Her hangi bir ayrım gözetilmeden her insanın bu suçun mağduru olabileceği gerçeğinin üzerine inşa edilen bu suç, bölgesel talepleri karşılamak için mağdurların belirlenmesinde taleplere yönelik arz oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Balkan coğrafyası bağlamında insan ticareti suçu değerlendirilerek bölgesel talepler ortaya konmuş ve dünyanın en aktif göç rotalarından biri olan Batı Balkan Rotası incelenmiştir. Özelde ise hem coğrafi konumu nedeniyle hem de ülke içerisindeki organize suç faaliyetlerinin giderek artması nedeniyle insan ticareti suçuna katılımın dikkat çektiği Arnavutluk incelenmiştir. Bu incelemede, Arnavutluk’un insan ticaretine karşı atmış olduğu hukuki ve politik adımlar değerlendirilmiştir. Hukuki sistemdeki eksiklikler, mağdur sığınma evlerinin ekonomik sorunları, insan ticaretine karşı yürütülen politikaların mağdurları korumaktan ziyade konunun kriminal boyutuna odaklanması gibi eksikliklerin normatif değişimi ve bunların ulusal hukuka yansıtılması analiz edilmiş ve çözüme dair Avrupa Birliği’nin ve Birleşik Devletlerin yayınladığı raporlar incelenmiştir.

Keywords

insan ticareti, balkan rotası, organize suçlar, arnavutluk

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