<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ksu j. agric nat.</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2619-9149</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1406624</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Green-House Growing and Treatment</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Sera Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Hidroponik Fesleğen Yetiştiriciliğinde Vermikompost Uygulamalarının Etkileri</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Effect of Vermicompost Applications on Hydroponic Basil Cultivation</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-013X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Öztekin</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gölgen Bahar</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-7775</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Demircan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ali Kemal</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-014X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Durdu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tunç</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20241225">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>25</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>27</volume>
                                        <issue>Ek Sayı 1 (Suppl 1)</issue>
                                        <fpage>152</fpage>
                                        <lpage>162</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20231225">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240812">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1997, Journal Of Agriculture and Nature</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1997</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal Of Agriculture and Nature</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Hidroponik fesleğen (Ocimum bacilium) yetiştiriciliğinde solucan gübresi (vermikompost) uygulamasının bitki gelişimi, verim ve bazı kalite parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırıldığı bu araştırmada, vermikompost yapraktan püskürtme, kökten besin solüsyonu ile uygulama ve hem kökten hem yapraktan verilme şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasında sadece besin solüsyonu uygulanmış, yapraklardan sadece su püskürtülmüştür. Tohumlar file saksılarda her saksıya 10 tohum olacak şekilde torf ortamına elle ekilmiş, tohum ekiminden 84 gün sonra bitkiler yaklaşık 25 cm boylandığında tek seferde hasat yapılarak deneme sonlandırılmıştır. Ekim sonrası 45’lik viyollere konan file saksılar, 22±2°C sıcaklık ve %85 nemde çimlendirme odasında 4 gün tutulmuştur. Fideler 2 gerçek yapraklı oldukları zaman hidroponik sisteme (Besleyici Film Tekniği, NFT) yetiştirme kanallarına aktarılmıştır. Kapalı sistem yetiştiricilikte besleme+drenaj tankları her konu için ayrılarak, tanklardaki EC ve pH değerlerinin kontrolü yapılarak yetiştiricilik yapılmıştır. Araştırmada bitki morfolojik gelişim parametreleri, biyokütlesi, bitki ağırlığı ve verim, yaprak renk değerleri, vitamin C ve nitrat içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde, vermikompost uygulamasının bitki gelişimi ve verimini arttırdığı; uygulama yeri olarak yapraktan yapılan püskürtme şeklinde uygulamanın diğer uygulamalara göre daha iyi sonuç verdiği görülmüştür. Bu nedenle hidroponik fesleğen yetiştiriciliğinde kaliteden ödün vermeden mevcut verimi arttırmak ve erkencilik sağlamak adına sıvı vermikompostun yapraktan uygulaması önerilmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In this study, the effects of vermicompost (earthworm compost) application on plant growth, yield, and some quality parameters were investigated in hydroponic basil (Ocimum bacilium) cultivation. The vermicompost was applied through foliar spray, nutrient solution (to root), and root and foliar application methods. In the control group, only a nutrient solution was applied, and water was sprayed on the leaves. Seeds were manually planted in peat medium in mesh pots, with 10 seeds per pot. The experiment was finished when the plants reached approximately 25 cm in height, 85 days after seeding, with a single harvest. Mesh pots placed in 45-cell trays after seeding were kept in a germination chamber at a temperature of 22±2°C and 85% humidity for 4 days. When the seedlings had two true leaves, they were transferred to the hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique, NFT). In closed-system cultivation, feeding, and drainage tanks were separated for each treatment, and cultivation was carried out by monitoring the EC and pH values in the tanks. Plant morphological development parameters, biomass, plant weight and yield, leaf colour values, vitamin C, and nitrate contents were determined. The results indicated that vermicompost application increased plant growth and yield. Among the application methods, foliar spray yielded better results compared to other applications. Therefore, for hydroponic basil cultivation, it is recommended to apply liquid vermicompost through foliar spray to increase current yield without compromising quality and to ensure early harvesting.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Ocimum bacilium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  NFT</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Solucan gübresi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Verim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Biyokütle</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Ocimum bacilium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  NFT</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Vermicompost</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yield</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Biomass</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alberici, A., Quattrini, E., Penati, M., Martinetti, L., Marino Gallina, P., Ferrante, A. and Schiavi, M. (2007). Effect of the reduction of nutrient solution concentration on leafy vegetable quality grown in floating system. Acta Horticulturae 801, 1167-1176. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic. 2008.801.142</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aldiyab, A. (2020). Su Kültürü Fesleğen Yetiştiriciliğinde Mikoriza Mikroalg ve Bakteri ile Mineral Gübrelerin Azaltılması (Tez no 637599). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilimi Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alibas, İ., Yılmaz, A., Asik, B.B., Erdogan, H. (2021). Influence of drying methods on the nutrients, protein content and vitamin profile of basil leaves. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 96, 103758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103758</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anonymous, (2020). Dünya Gıda-http://www. dunyagida.com.tr/ koseyazisi/fesleğen reyhan ocimum-basilicum/1096. (Erişim Tarihi:14.01.2023)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anonymous, (2022). Fesleğenin faydaları nelerdir? https://www.yasemin.com /saglik/haber/2891886-feslegenin-faydalari-nelerdir-feslegen-nerelerde-kullanilir-feslegen-cayi-nasil-yapilir (Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2022).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arancon, N.Q., Galvis, P.A., Edwards, C.A. (2005). Suppression of insect pest populations and damage to plants by vermicomposts. Bioresource Technology 96, 1137-1142. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.10.004</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P. (2006). Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: Part 2. Effects on soil microbiological and chemical properties. Bioresource Technology 97, 831–840.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aslan, D.F. (2014).  Farklı Reyhan (Ocimum basilicum L.) Genotiplerinde Ontogenetik ve Morfogenetik Varyabilitenin Belirlenmesi (Tez no 372564). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilimi Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atiyeh, R.M., Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A., Metzger, J.D. (2000). Influence of earthworm processed pig manure on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource Technology 75, 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00064-X</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atiyeh, R.M., Edwards, C.A., Subler, S., Metzger, J.D. (2001). Pig manure vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: Effects on physicochemical properties and plant growth. Bioresource Technology 78, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00172-3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Barickman, T. C., Olorunwa, O. J., Sehgal, A., Walne, C. H., Reddy, K. R., Gao, W. (2021). Yield, physiological performance, and phytochemistry of basil (Ocimum basilicum) under temperature stress and elevated CO2 Concentrations. Plants 10(6), 1072/1-16. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/plants10061072</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cabar, B.S. (2016). Farklı fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) hatlarının Trakya koşullarında verim ve kalite ile ilgili bazı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi (Tez no 457208). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Anabilimi Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cataldo, D.A., Maroon, M., Schrader, L.E., Youngs, V.L. (1975). Rapid colourimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communications in Soil and Plant Analysis 6(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103627509366547</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ceylan, A. (1997). Tıbbi Bitkiler II (Uçucu Yağ İçerenler). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No:481 Bornova/İzmir.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çamlıca, M. &amp; Yaldız, G. (2017). Effect of salt stress on seed germination, shoot and root length in basil (Ocimum basilicum). International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 4(3, Special Issue 1), 69-76. https://doi.org/ 10.21448/ijsm.356250</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çıtak, S., Sönmez, S., Koçak, F., Yaşin, S. (2011). Vermikompost ve ahır gübresi uygulamalarının ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea var. L.) bitkisinin gelişimi ve toprak verimliliği üzerine etkileri. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi 28(1), 56-69.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Darrah, H.H. (1988). The Cultivated Basil. Buckeye Printing, Independence, MO. 40 p.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dasgan, H.Y., Ceylan E., Dere, S. (2022). Mikorizanın su kültürü fesleğen yetiştiriciliğinde mineral gübreleri azaltma üzerine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 11(1), 47-56. http://doi.org/ 10.29278/azd.972661</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demir, Z. &amp; Kıran, S. (2020). Effect of vermicompost on macro and micro nutrients of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) under salt stress conditions. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi 23(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.579695</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">de Sousa, L.V., da Silva, T.I., Lopes, M.F.Q., Leal, M.P.S., Basilio, A.G.S., Melo-Filho, J.S., Leal, Y.H., Dias, T.J. (2021). Salinity stress and plant growth regulator in basil: Effects on plant and soil. DYNA 88(217), 75-83.  https://doi.org/10.15446/ dyna.v88n217.87633</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dumanoğlu, Z. &amp; Mokhtarzadeh, S. (2021). Farklı fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) populasyonlarına ait tohumların bazı karakteristik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 10(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/ 10.29278/azd.799932</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">ECOSEL, (2023).Farm Sıvı Solucan Gübresi, Garanti Edilen İçerik Bilgisi. https://ekosol.net/ekosolfarm-sivi-solucan-gubresi (Erişim tarihi: 13.12.2023).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erken, S., Sönmez, Ç., Sancaktaroğlu, S., Bayram, E.(2009). Farklı dikim sıklıklarının fesleğen bitkisinin verim ve kalite özelikleri üzerine etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 46(3), 165-173.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eşiyok D., Ongun A. R., Bozokalfa M. K., Tepecik M., Okur B. Kaygısız T. (2006). Organik roka yetiştiriciliği. VI. Sebze Tarımı Sempozyumu, Kahramanmaraş, 85- 89.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">EUR-LEX, (2017). Commission Regulation (EU) No 1258/2011 of 2 December 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for nitrates in foodstuff. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/ HTML/?uri=CELEX:32011R1258&amp; from=EN (Erişim tarihi: 15.08.2017)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ferrarezi, R.S.&amp; Bailey, D.S. (2019). Basil performance evaluation in aquaponics. HortTechnology 29(1), 85-93. https:// doi.org/ 10.21273/HORTTECH03797-17</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gutiérrez-Miceli, F.A., Santiago-Borraz, J., Molina, J.A.M., Nafate, C.C., Abud-Archila, M., Llaven, M.A.O., Rinco´n-Rosales, R., Dendooven, L. (2007). Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Bioresource Technology 98, 2781-2786.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.032</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ievinsh, G. (2011). Vermicompost treatment differentially affects seed germination, seedling growth and physiological status of vegetable crop species. Plant Growth Regulation 65, 169-181.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-011-9586-x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jeyabal, A. &amp; Kuppuswamy, G. (2001). Recycling of organic wastes for the production of vermicompost and its response in rice-legume cropping system and soil fertility. European Journal of Agronomy 15, 153-170.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(00) 00100-3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaçar, O., Göksu, E., Azkan, N. (2009). Bursa ekolojik koşullarında farklı reyhan (Ocimum basilicum L.) çeşit ve popülasyonlarının tarımsal ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye VIII. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, Cilt I, Hatay, 81- 85 s.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kara, E. (1993). Sebzelerde Nitrat Akümülasyonu. Ekoloji 7, 10-13.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karaçal, İ.&amp; Tüfenkçi, Ş. (2010). Bitki beslemede yeni yaklaşımlar ve gübre-çevre ilişkisi. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası VII. Teknik Kongresi, 11-15 Ocak 2010, Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karagöz, D.(2020). Pamuk-Fesleğen Birlikte Ekim Yönteminin Pamuk Zararlıları ve Doğal Düşmanlarının Popülasyon Değişimleri Üzerine Etkisi (Tez no 609560). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilimi Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Labra, M., Miele, M., Ledda, B., Grassi, F., Mazzei, M., Sala, F.(2004). Morphological characterization essential oil composition and DNA genotyping of Ocimum basillicum Cultivars. Plant Science 167, 725-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.04. 026</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lachowicz K.J., Jones G.P., Briggs D.R., Bienvenu F.E., Palmer M.V., Mishra V., Hunter M.M. (1997). Characteristics of plant extracts from five varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in Australia. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45(7), 2660- 2665. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960791h</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Masciandro, G., Ceccanti, B., Garcia, C. (1997). Soil agro-ecological management: Fertirrigation and vermicompost treatments. Bioresource Technology 59, 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(96) 00142-3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Matta, F.B., Hidalgo P.R., Harkess, R.L., Montgomery E.J. (2008). Studies on earthworm castings as substrate for flowering pot plant production. Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bultein 1169, 1-21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McGuire, R.G.(1992). Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience 27(12), 1254-1255. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.27.12.125</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mısırlıoğlu, M. (2011). Toprak Solucanları: Biyolojileri, Ekolojileri ve Türkiye Türleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Yayın No:1636, Ankara, 94 s.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Miceli, A., Moncada, A., Vetrano, F., D&#039;Anna, F. (2003). First results on yield and quality response of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in a floating system. In International Symposium on Managing Greenhouse Crops in Saline Environment 609, 377-381. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic. 2003. 609.57</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moncada, A., Miceli, A., Vetrano, F. (2021). Use of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and organic fertilization for soilless cultivation of basil. Scientia Horticulturae 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2020.109733</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Naghibi, F., Mosaddegh, M., Motamed, S.M., Ghorbani, A. (2022). Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran: from ethnobotany to pharmacology. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 4(2), 63-79. https://doi.org/10.22037/ ijpr.2010.619</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Orsini, F. &amp; De Pascale, S. (2006). Daily variation in leaf nitrate content of two cultivars of hydroponically grown basil.Acta Horticulturae 747, 203-210. https://doi.org/10.17660/ ActaHortic. 2007.747.23</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özdestan, Ö. &amp; Üren, A. (2010). Gıdalarda nitrat ve nitrit. Akademik Gıda 8(6), 35-43.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öztekin, G.B. &amp; Sayın, H. (2023). Hidroponik fesleğen yetiştiriciliğinde mikrobiyal gübre uygulamasanın etkileri. 6. Uluslararası Gıda, Tarım &amp;Veteriner Bilimleri Kongresi, 22-23 Eylül 2023, Gence/Azerbaycan, Bildiri Kitabı, 710-723.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Parthasarathi, K., Balamurugan, M., Ranganathan, L.S. (2008). Influence of vermicompost on the physico-chemical and biological properties in different types of soil along with yield and quality of the pulse cropblackgram. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science &amp; Engineering 5(1), 51-58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Paul, L.C. &amp; Metzger, J.D. (2005). Impact of vermicompost on vegetable transplant quality. Hort Science 40(7), 2020-2023. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.7.2020</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pearson, D. (1970). Chemical Analysis of Foods. 7th Edition, Churchhill Livingstone, London.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rouphael, Y., Giordano, M., Pannico, A., Di Stasio, E., Raimondi, G., El-Nakhel, C., De Pascale, S. (2017). Nutritional quality of hydroponically grown basil in response to salinity and growing season.  In International Symposium on New Technologies for Environment Control, Energy-Saving and Crop Production in Greenhouse and Plant, 1227: 693-698.http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1227.88</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sahni, S., Sarma, B.K., Singh, D.P., Singh, H.B., Singh, K.P. (2008). Vermicompost enhances performance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Cicer arietinum rhizosphere against Sclerotium rolfsii. Crop Protection 27, 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2007.07.001</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Singh, J. (1997). Habitat preferences of selected indian earthworm species and their efficiency in reduction of organic materials. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29(314), 585-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00183-6</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Singh, R., Sharma, R.R., Kumar, S., Gupta, R.K., Patil, R.T. (2008). Vermicompost substitution influences growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Bioresource Technology 99, 8507-8511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech. 2008.03.034</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şimşek‐Erşahin, Y. (2007). Vermikompost ürünlerinin eldesi ve tarımsal üretimde kullanım alternatifleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24(2), 99‐107.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Telci, İ., Bayram, E., Yılmaz, G., Avcı, A.B. (2005). Türkiye’de kültürü yapılan yerel fesleğen (Ocimum spp) genotiplerinin morfolojik, agronomik ve teknolojik özelliklerinin karakterizasyonu ve üstün bitkilerin seleksiyonu (Sonuç Raporu), TOGTAG-3102 No’lu Proje. Ankara.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">USDA,(2023). US Department of Agriculture. Data Central Search Results of Basil. Food https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/ 172232/nutrients (Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2023).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Verma, P.K., Punia M.S., Sharma G.D., Talwar G. (1989). Evaluation of different species of ocimum for their herb and oil yield under haryana conditions. Indian Perfumer 33(2), 79- 83.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vömel, A. &amp; Ceylan, A. (1977). Ege bölgesinde bazı tıbbi bitkilerin yetiştirme denemeleri. Doğa Bilim Dergisi 1, 69- 73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Walters, K.J. &amp; Currey, C.J. (2015). Hydroponic greenhouse basil production: Comparing systems and cultivars. HortTechnology 25(5), 645-650. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.25.5.645</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Warman, P.R.&amp; AngLopez, M.J. (2010). Vermicompost derived from different feedstocks as a plant growth medium. Bioresource Technology 101, 4479–4483. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.biortech. 2010.01.098</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zaller, J.G. (2007a). Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. Scientia Horticulturae 112, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.12.023</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zaller, J.G. (2007b). Vermicompost in seedling potting media can affect germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. European Journal of Soil Biology 43:332-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.08.020</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhang, S., Hu, F., Li, H. (2009). Effects of earthworm mucus and amino acids on cadmium subcellular distribution and chemical forms in tomato seedlings. Bioresource Technology 100, 4041-4046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.028</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
