ksu j. agric nat.

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi

2619-9149

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1425154

Entomology in Agriculture

Tarımda Entomoloji

Determination of Biology and Prey Preference of the Predator Insect, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) Against Storage Pests

Depo Zararlılarına Karşı Predatör Böcek, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)’in Biyolojisi ve Av Tercihinin Belirlenmesi

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-4658

Usta Gebeş

Gönül

Ağrı Zirai Karantina Müdürlüğü

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-7663

Gözüaçık

Celalettin

IGDIR UNIVERSITY, IĞDIR FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

12 25 2024

27 Ek Sayı 1 (Suppl 1) 114 123 01 24 2024 07 17 2024

1997

Journal Of Agriculture and Nature

This study was carried out to determine the biology of Xylocoris flavipes Reuter (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), an important predator of stored product pests, and its prey preference on some warehouse pests. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions at 25±2ºC temperature and 55±10% humidity. Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were used to determine the biology of X. flavipes. E. kuehniella, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae were utilized to detect the prey preferences of X. flavipes. The mean development time (days) of five nymphs, female and male adults of Xylocoris flavipes on E. kuehniella eggs were as follows: 4.2±0.63; 3.1±0.57; 2.9±0.57; 3.0±0.00; 4.5±0.53; 104.2±17.01; 114.6±12.34, respectively. The average egg consumption for the aforementioned stages was: 5.0±1.76; 9.9±3.07; 9.1±6.01; 13.3±4.14; 22.5±4.79; 515.6±75.46; 286.2±24.39, respectively. Although mature male X. flavipes survived longer than females, females consumed more E. kuehniella eggs than males. The mean oviposition period of the females was 36.7±12.39 days, and the average laid egg number was 117.3±29.86. The consumed E. kuehniella eggs and larvae, T. confusum, and T. granarium larvae during the predator nymph period were on average 63.1±6.01; 49.6±2.76; 26.8±3,52; 12.8±4.29, respectively. The average development time (days) of the nymphs for the aforementioned consumption stages were 16.4±1.96; 15.4±0.52; 16.2±1.14; 21.6±4.62, respectively. The consumed E. kuehniella eggs and larvae, T. confusum, and T. granarium larvae during the predator adult period were on average 570±231.32; 249.5±142.10; 218.1±110.57; 22.2±6.23, respectively. The average development time (days) of the adults for the aforementioned consumption stages were 87.5±30.92; 75.9±41.18; 89.3±43.55; 24.5±7.18 days, respectively. X. flavipes preferred mostly E. kuehniella eggs among the preys during the nymph and adult stages, and least T. granarium larvae.

Bu çalışma, depolanmış ürün zararlılarının önemli bir predatörü olan Xylocoris flavipes Reuter (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)' nin biyolojisi ve bazı depo zararlıları üzerindeki av tercihini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 25±2ºC sıcaklık, %55±10 neme ayarlı laboratuvar koşullarında yapılmıştır. Xylocoris flavipes'in biyolojisinin belirlenmesinde Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) yumurtaları, av tercihinde ise E. kuehniella, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ve Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvaları kullanılmıştır Çalışma sonucunda, X. flavipes'in ergin dişi, erkek ve beş nimf döneminin E. kuehniella yumurtalarında ortalama gelişme süreleri sırasıyla 104.2±17.01; 114.6±12.34; 4.2±0.63; 3.1±0.57; 2.9±0.57; 3.0±0,00; 4.5±0.53 gün, ortalama tükettikleri yumurta sayıları sırasıyla 515.6±75.46; 286.2±24.39; 5.0±1.76; 9.9±3.07; 9.1±6.01; 13.3±4.14; 22.5±4.79 adet bulunmuştur. Erkek X. flavipes bireyleri dişilerden daha uzun süre hayatta kalmıştır ve dişiler erkek bireylerden daha fazla E. kuehniella yumurtası tüketmişlerdir. Dişi bireyin ortalama ovipozisyon süresi 36.7±12.39 gün, bıraktığı ortalama yumurta sayısı ise 117.3±29.86 adet olarak belirlenmiştir. Nimf döneminde depo zararlılarından E. kuehniella yumurta, birinci ve ikinci dönem larvası, T. confusum, T. granarium birinci ve ikinci dönem larvalarından sırasıyla ortalama 63.1±6.01; 49.6±2.76; 26.8±3.52; 12.8±4.29 adet olarak ortalama sırasıyla 16.4±1.96; 15.4±0.52; 16.2±1.14; 21.6±4.62 günde; ergin döneminde ise 570±231.32; 249.5±142.10; 218.1±110.57; 22.2±6.23 adet şeklinde sırasıyla 87.5±30.92; 75.9±41.18; 89.3±43.55; 24.5±7.18 günde tüketmiştir. Xylocoris flavipes nimf ve ergin dönemlerinde avlarından en fazla E. kuehniella yumurtası, en az T. granarium 1. ve 2. dönem larvalarını tercih etmiştir.

Xylocoris flavipes Storage pests Predator Biology Prey preferences

Xylocoris flavipes Depo zararlıları Predatör Biyoloji Av tercihi

Arbogast, R.T. (1975). Population Growth of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae): Influence of temperature and humudity. Environmental Entomology 4(5), 825-831.https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ ee/4.5.825.

Arbogast, R.T., Carthon, M. & Roberts, J.R. (1971). Developmental stages of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) a predator of stored-product insects. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64(5), 1131-1134. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.5.1131

Awadallah, K.T. & Tawfik, M.F.S. (1972a, b, c). The biology of the Xylocoris (=Piezostethus) flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Bulletin of the. Entomological Society of Egypt 56, 177-210.

Ballal, C.R., Gupta T. & Joshi, S., (2013). Production and Evaluation of the Warehouse Pirate Bug Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Proc the International Congress on Insect Science 2013, 14-17 Şubat, GKVK, Bangalore.

Bell, C.H., Price, N. & Chakrabarti, B. (1996). Themethyl bromide issue. Wiley, Chichester, England. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00218596000 78849

Brower, J.H., Smith, L., Vail, P.V. & Flinn, P.W. (1995). Biological Control. Chapter 6. In Bh. Subramanyamand D.W. Hagstrum [eds.], Integrated management of insects in stored products. Marcel Deldcer, Inc., New York.

Ferizli, A.G. & Emekçi, M. (2010). Depolanmış Ürün Zararlılarıyla Savaşım Sorunlar Ve Çözüm Yolları. Ziraat Mühendisliği Teknik Kongresi, Ankara, Türkiye, 11 -13 Ocak 2010, ss.579-587.

Gökçe, M., Isıkber, A. A., & Sağlam, Ö. (2021). Yerel Diatomit Topraklarının Kokusuz Toz Sarımsak İle Karışımının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne Karşı Etkinliği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(6), 1237-1246. https://doi.org/ 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi. 879342

Haines, C.P. (1984). Biological Methods for integrated control of insects and mites in tropical stored products. III: Theuse of predators and parasites. Tropical Stored Products Information 48, 17-25.

Hokkanen, H.M.T., Lynch, J.M. & Robinson, J. (1995). Preface: overview of benefits and risks of biological control introductions. pp. 17-22. In H.M.T. Hokkanenand J.M. Lynch (editors), Biological Control: Benefits and Risks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/ CBO9780511661730.002

Jay E, Davis R and Brown S 1968. Studies on the prcdacious habi;s of Xylocoris jlavipes (Reuter) (Hem iptera: Anthocoridae ). J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 3:, 126-130

Kaymak Kara, B., Çobanoğlu, S., & Ölmez Bayhan, S. (2023). Predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Vegetable Fields in Diyarbakır, Elazığ and Muş Provinces, Turkey. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.938969

LeCato, G. L. & Collins, J.M., (1976). Xylocoris flavipes Maximum Kill of Tribollium castaneum and Minimum Kill Required for Survival of the Predator. Environmental Entomology, 5, 1059-1061

LeCato, G.L. & Davis, R. (1973). Preferences of the predator Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) for species and instars of stored-product insects. The Florida Entomologist 56, 57- 59.https://doi.org/10.2307/3493662

Lokanath, V. (2012a, b). Studies on parasitoids and predators of major storage pests with special reference to Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) and Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter). Department of Agriculturel Entomology College of Agriculture, DharwardUniversity of Agriculturel Sciences, Dharward, 580005.

Mason, P.G. & Huber, J.T. (editors) (2001). Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 583. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1079/9780851995274.0000

Parajulee, M.N., Phillips, T.W. & Hogg, D.B., (1994). Functional Response of Lyctocoris campestris (F.) Adults Effects of Predator Sex, Prey Species and Experimental Habitat. Biological Control, 4, 80-87

Prevett, P.E. (1975). Stored product pests causing losses of stored food. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 23, 115-117

Rahman, F. (2004). Biology of the Parasitoids and Predators of Tribolium spp.(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rajshahi).

Rahman, M.M., Ahmed, K.N. & Islam, W. (2007). Effect of temperature on the predator, Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) feeding on Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Journal of Bio-Science 15, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2201

Rahman, M.M., Islam, W. & Ahmed, K.N., (2009). Functional Response of the Predator Xylocoris flavipes to Three Stored Product Insect Pests. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11, 316–320

Russo, A. (2004). Life tables of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) feeding on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 40, 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00082-6

Sayın, B., Bayav, A., Beşen, T., Karamürsel, D., vd. (2020). Üreticilerin Biyolojik ve Biyoteknik Mücadele Uygulamalarına Bakışı ve Çevre Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(2), 453-466. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarim doga.vi.599085

Schöller, M. &Flinn, W.P. (2000). Parasioids and predators. Alternatives to pesticides in stored-product IPM, 229-271.

Schöller, M., Flinn, P.W., Grieshop, M.J. & Zdarkova, E. (2006). Biological control of stored product pests. In: Heaps, J. W. (Ed) Insect management for food storage and processing. American Association of Cereal Chemists International, USA: St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 67-87.

Schöller, M. & Prozell, S., (2011). Potential of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to control Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Central Europe. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 69, 163-168.

Taro, I., Mika, M. & Akihiro, M. (2008). Biological Aspect and Predatory Abilities of Hemipterans Attacking Stored-Product Insects.Japan Agriculturel Research Qarterly 42(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.42.1

Zettler, J.L. & Arthur, F.H. (2000). Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments. CropProtection 19 (8-10), 577-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00075