The Impact of Morpho- and Onto-Genetic Variation on Essential Oil Profile of Hypericum heterophyllum Vent., an Endemic Species in Turkey's Flora

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 854 - 860, 31.08.2023

Belgin Coşge Şenkal Tansu Uskutoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1084534

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to determine the variations in the amount and chemical composition of the herbage essential oil according to different harvesting periods, and the amount and composition of the dry capsule essential oil in Hypericum heterophyllum. The samples of herbage in four different growth stages as before flowering, beginning flowering, 50% of flowering, and full flowering and dry capsule in full maturity stage were taken from plants in a natural environment. The highest essential oil rate (0.09%) in the aerial parts was recorded before the flowering stage. Also, germacrene-D, δ-cadinene, spathulenol, and α-guaiene in herbage and germacrene-D, caryophyllene oxide, and α-guaiene in the dry capsule were determined as main components. The essential oil content and the components showed variations depending on the developmental stages of the plant and the part used.

Keywords

Flowering, Capsule, GC-MS, Germacrene-D

Türkiye Florasında Endemik Bir Tür Olan Hypericum heterophyllum Vent.'in Uçucu Yağ Kompozisyonuna Morfogenetik ve Ontogenetik Varyasyonun Etkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı hasat dönemlerine göre herba uçucu yağının miktar ve kompozisyonundaki değişimi ve Hypericum heterophyllum'da kuru kapsül uçucu yağının miktar ve kompozisyonunu belirlemektir. Bitkilerden çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçeklenme başlangıcı, %50 çiçeklenme ve tam çiçeklenme dönemi olmak üzere dört farklı büyüme dönemindeki herba, tam olgunluk döneminde ise kuru kapsül doğal ortamdaki bitkilerden toplanmıştır. Toprak üstü kısımlarda en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı (%0.09) çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca herbada germakren-D, δ-kadinen, spathulenol ve α-guaien, kuru kapsülde germakren-D, karyofillen oksit ve α-guaien ana bileşenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağ içeriği ve bileşenleri bitkinin gelişim evrelerine ve kullanılan kısma bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermektedir.

Keywords

Çiçeklenme, Kapsül, GS-MS, Germakren-D

References

• Acikgoz, N., Ilker, E. & Gokcol, A. (2004). Biyolojik Araştırmaların Bilgisayarda Değerlendirilmeleri. Meta Basım, İzmir, 202 sy.
• Afshari, M. & Rahimmalek, M. (2018). Variation in Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, Anatomical and Antioxidant Activity of Achillea Aucheri, an Endemic Species of Iran, at Different Phonological Stages. Chemistry and Biodiverity, 15(11), e1800319.
• Akgoz, Y. (2015). The Effects of Hypericum (Hypericacea) Species on Microorganisms: A Review. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 6, 390-399.
• Andro, A. R., Boz, I., Zamfirache, M. M. & Burzo, I. (2013). Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Mentha aquatic L. at Different Moments of The Ontogenetic Cycle. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7, 470-473.
• Anonymous, (2020). Turkish State Meteorological Service. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/forecast-cities. aspx. (Accessed Date: 30.12.2020)
• Anonymous, (2021). Turkish Plants Data Service. https://www.tubives.com. (Accessed Date: 15.05. 2021)
• Babushok, V. I., Linstrom, P. J. & Zenkevic, I. G. (2011). Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 40, 1-47.
• Bal, A., Özen, H.Ç. & Tural Ertaş, E. (2022). Effects of Different Concentrations of Foliar Applied Chitosan, Iron Oxide and Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Secondary Metabolites of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. During Full Bloom. KSU Journal of Agricultural and Natural 25(4), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarim doga.vi.882856
• Baydar, H. (2013). Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Bilimi ve Teknolojisi. Nobel Yayıncılık, Isparta, 432 sy.
• Bertoli, A., Cirak, C., Leonardi, M., Seyis, F. & Pistelli, L. (2011). Morphogenetic changes in essential oil composition of Hypericum perforatum during the course of ontogenesis. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(7), 741-751.
• Brutovska, R., Celarova, E. & Schubert, I. (2001). Cytogenetic Characterization of Three Hypericum Species by in Situ Hybridization. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 101, 46-50.
• Cakir, A., Kordali, S., Zengin, H., Izum, S. & Hirata, T. (2004). Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Isolated from Hypericum hyssopifolium and Hypericum heterophyllum. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19, 62-68.
• Caprioli, G., Iannarelli, R., Cianfaglione, K., Fiorini, D., Giuliani, C., Lucarini D, ... & Maggi, F. (2016). Volatile profile, nutritional value and secretory structures of the berry-like fruits of Hypericum androsaemum L. Food Research International, 79, 1-10.
• Casiglia, S., Bruno, M., Scandolera, E., Senatore, F. & Senatore, F. (2019). Influence of Harvesting Time on Composition of The Essential Oil of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmans&Link. Growing Wild in Northern Sicily and Its Activity on Microorganisms Affecting Historical Art Crafts. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12, 2704-2712.
• Chauhan, N. K., Sing, S., Haider, S. Z. & Lohani, H. (2013). Influence of Phenological Stages on Yield and Quality of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) Under the Agroclimatic Condition of Doon Valley (Uttarakhand). Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 75, 489-493.
• Cirak, C. & Kurt, D. (2014). Hypericum Species as Important Medicinal Plants and Their Usage. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 24, 38-52.
• Cirak, C., Seyis, F., Özcan, A. & Yurteri, E, (2022). Ontogenetic changes in phenolic contents and volatile composition of Hypericum androsaemum and Hypericum xylosteifolium. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 102, 104429.
• Crockett, S. L. & Robson, N. K. B. (2011). Taxonomy and Chemotaxonomy of the Genus Hypericum. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, 1-13.
• Damyanova, S., Mollova, S., Stoyanova, A. & Gubenia, O. (2016). Chemical Composition of Salvia officinalis L. Essential Oil from Bulgaria. Ukrainian Food Journal, 5, 695-700.
• Eldeen, I. M. S., Mohamed, H., Tan, W. N., Siong, J. Y. F., Andriani, Y. & Tengku-Muhammad, T. S. (2016). Cyclooxygenase, 5-Lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of fractions containing, α-guaiene and oil isolated from the root of Xylocarpus moluccensis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 10, 286-294.
• Fidyt K, Fiedorowicz A, Strzadała L, Szumny A 2016. β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide-Natural Compounds of Anticancer and Analgesic Properties. Cancer Medicine, 5, 3007-3017.
• Greeson, J., Sanford, B. & Monti, D. A. (2001). St. John’s Worth (Hypericum perforatum): a Review of the Current Pharmacological, Toxicological and Clinical Literature. Psychopharmacology, 153, 402-414.
• Guedes, A. P., Amorim, L. R., Vicente, A. & Fernandes‐Ferreira, M. (2004). Variation of the essential oil content and composition in leaves from cultivated plants of Hypericum androsaemum L. Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Plant Chemical and Biochemical Techniques, 15(3), 146-151.
• Guner, A,. Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babac, M. T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 1290 sy.
• Jovanovic, T., Kitic, D., Palic, R., Stojanović, G. & Ristic, M. (2005). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy from Serbia. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20, 288-290.
• Lemberkovics, É., Kéry, Á., Marczal, G., Simándi, B. & Szőke, É. (1998). Phytochemical Evaluation of Essential Oils, Medicinal Plants and Their Preparations. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica, 68, 141-149.
• Mártonfi, P., Repčák, M. & Mártonfiová, L. (2006). Secondary Metabolites During Ontogenetic Phase of Reproductive Structures in Hypericum maculatum. Biology, 61, 473–478.
• Mishra, D., Joshi, S., Sah, S. P., Dev, A. & Bisht, G. (2011). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential oils of Senecio rufinervis DC. (Asteraceae). Indian Journal of Natural Products and Researches, 2, 44-47.
• Moghaddam, M. & Mehdizadeh, L. (2017). Soft Chemistry and Food Fermentation. United Kingdom, Academic Press, 521 sy.
• Moghaddam, M., Miran, S. N. K., Pirbalouti, A.G., Mehdizadeh, L. & Ghaderi, Y. (2015). Variation in Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Fruits During Stages of Maturity. Industrial Crops and Products, 70, 163-169.
• Montanari, R. M., Barbosa, L. C. A., Silva, C. J., Carvalho, L. S. & Andrade, N. J. (2011). Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Verbenaceae species: Alternative sources (E)-caryophyllene and gemacrene-D. Química Nova, 34, 1550-1555.
• Németh, É. (2005). Changes in Essential Oil Quantity and Quality Influenced by Ontogenetic Factors. Acta Horticulturae, 675, 159-165.
• Ocal, A. & Eroglu, H. E. (2012). Genotoxic Effects of Hypericum heterophyllum Vent. In human lymphocytes cultures. Advancements in Life Sciences, 2, 65-67.
• Pasa, C. (2013). A Research on Determination of Diurnal, Ontogenetic and Morphogenetic Variations of Essential Oil Content and Composition in some Hypericum species growing wild in Ida. (Tez no:328286). [Phd Thesis, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University], Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Patocka, J. (2003). The Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of the Biologically Active Constituents of the Herb Hypericum perforatum L. Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 1, 61-73.
• Pérez-López, A., Cirio, A.T., Rivas-Galindo, M., Aranda, R.S. & Waksman de Torres, N. (2011). Activity against Streptococcus pneumonia of the essential oil and δ-cadinene isolated from Schinus molle fruit. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 23, 25-28.
• Ramakrishna, A. & Ravishankar, G.A. (2011). Influence of Abiotic Stress Signaling on Secondary Metabolites in Plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 6, 1720-1731.
• Saha, S., Dey, T., Adhikari, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Sengupta, C. & Ghosh, P. (2016). Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Efficient Plant Regeneration Efficiency and Genetic Stability Analysis from Two Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Morphotypes. Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali, 27, 609-628.
• Schmidt, J.M., Noletto, J.A., Vogler, B. & Setzer, W.N (2007). Abaco Bush Medicine: Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Four Aromatic Medicinal Plants from Abaco Islands, Bahamas. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 12, 43-65.
• Tanaka, N. & Takaishi, Y. (2006). Xanthones from Hypericum chinense. Phytochemistry, 67, 2146-2151.
• Tanker, N., Gurturk, S. & Kol, U. (1980). Antibiyotik Aktivite Gösteren Bazı Tohumlu Bitkiler üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, 17-29.