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Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma

Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 7 - 14, 25.03.2017

Abstract

Öz

Kanser  gerek neden olduğu mortalite ve morbidite, gerekse de  oluşturduğu ekonomik yük nedeniyle  önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline   gelmiştir. Bazı kanser türlerinin etkili, güvenli ve maliyet olarak etkin ve kabul edilebilir yöntemlerle erkenden tespit edilerek tedavi edilmesi mümkündür. Bu yöntemlere kanser tarama testleri adı verilmektedir. Özellikle kolorektal kanserler, meme kanseri ve serviks kanserlerinin tarama yöntemleri ile mortalitesinin azaltılabileceği gösterilmiştir.Yakın zamanda akciğer kanserlerinde de tarama ile mortalitenin azaltılabileceği gösterilmiştir. Prostat kanserini tarama konusu ise halen tartışmalıdır. Kanser vakalarının önemli bir bölümü  sigara,alkol ve diyet gibi  düzeltilebilecek  etkenlere bağlı ortaya çıkmaktadır.  Bu etkenlerle yönelik müdahaleler tarama programlarından daha az maliyetli ve daha etkilidir. Hekimlerin kanserden korunma ve tarama programlarına katılım konusunda hastaları eğitmesorumlulukları bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Kaynaklar
  • 1.Bach PB, Jett JR, Pastorino U, et al. Computed tomographyscreening and lung cancer outcomes. JAMA 2007; 297:953. 2.Croswell JM, Baker SG, Marcus PM, et al. Cumulative inci-dence of false-positive test results in lung cancer screening:a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152:505. 3.Slatore CG, Sullivan DR, Pappas M, Humphrey LL. Patient-centered outcomes among lung cancer screening recipientswith computed tomography: a systematic review. J Thorac On-col 2014; 9:927. 4.Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D,Pain A , et al. The Global Burdenof Cancer 2013. JAMA Oncol 2015; 1:505. 5.Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global cancer statistics.CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:69. 6.Coldman A, Phillips N. Incidence of breast cancer and esti-mates of overdiagnosis after the initiation of a population-ba-sed mammography screening program. CMAJ 2013; 185:E492. 7.Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and Harmsof Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2015;314:1615. 8.Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK etal. Effect of screeningand adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N EnglJ Med. 2005 Oct 27;353(17):1784-92. 9.Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W et al. American Cancer Societyguidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mam-mography CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Mar-Apr;57(2):75-89. 10.Shaukat A, Mongin SJ, Geisser MS et al. Long-term morta-lity after screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013Sep 19;369(12):1106-14. 11.Holme Ø, Schoen RE, Senore C,et al. Effectiveness of flexib-le sigmoidoscopy screening in men and women and differentage groups: pooled analysis of randomised trials.BMJ. 2017Jan 13;356:i6673. 12. Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, et al . Effectiveness ofscreening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from rightand left colon cancer: a large community-based study. Gut.2016 Oct 12. pii: gutjnl-2016-312712. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312712. 13. Brett AS, Ablin RJ. Prostate-cancer screening--what the U.S.Preventive Services Task Force left out. N Engl J Med. 2011Nov 24;365(21):1949-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1112191. 14. Wolf AM, Wender RC, Etzioni RB, et al. American Cancer So-ciety guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: up-date 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 2010; 60:70. 15. American Urologic Association. Detection of prostate cancer.www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/prostate-cancer-de-tection.cfm 6 Ocak 2017 tarihinde ulaşıldı 16. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Filén F, et al. Radical prosta-tectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer:the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial.J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100:1144. 17. Ganz PA, Barry JM, Burke W, et al. National Institutes of He-alth State-of-the-Science Conference: role of active surveil-lance in the management of men with localized prostate can-cer. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 17;156(8):591-5. 18. Gilbert SM, Cavallo CB, Kahane H, Lowe FC. Evidence sugges-ting PSA cutpoint of 2.5 ng/mL for prompting prostate biopsy:review of 36,316 biopsies. Urology. 2005 Mar;65(3):549-53. 19. Peirson L, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ciliska D, Warren R. Scree-ning for cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analy-sis. Syst Rev. 2013 May 24;2:35. 20. Whiteman DC, Wilson LF. The fractions of cancer attributab-le to modifiable factors: A global review.Cancer Epidemiol.2016 Oct;44:203-221. 21. Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD et al. Reduced lung-cancermortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening.NEngl J Med. 2011 Aug 4;365(5):395-409. 22. Larke FJ, Kruger RL, Cagnon CH et al. Estimated radiationdose associated with low-dose chest CT of average-size par-ticipants in the National Lung Screening Trial. AJR Am J Ro-entgenol. 2011 Nov;197(5):1165-9.. 23. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kanser Daire Başkanlığı.http://kanser.gov.tr/kanser/kanser-taramalari/209-ulusal-kanser-taramalari.html. 6 Ocak 2017 tarihinde ulaşıldı 24. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A,et al. Cancer Statistics, 2017.CACancer J Clin. 2017 Jan;67(1):7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21387. 25. Kunisaki C, Ishino J, Nakajima S etal. Outcomes of mass scree-ning for gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006Feb;13(2):221-8. 26. Yeh JM, Hur C, Ward Z, Schrag D, Goldie SJ . Gastric ade-nocarcinoma screening and prevention in the era of new bio-marker and endoscopic technologies: a cost-effectiveness analy-sis Gut. 2016 Apr;65(4):563-74. 27, Jacobs IJ, Menon U, Ryan A,et al. Ovarian cancer screeningand mortality in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Can-cer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lan-cet. 2016 Mar 5;387(10022):945-56. 28 Ford ES, Bergmann MM, Kröger J et al. Healthy living is thebest revenge: findings from the European Prospective Inves-tigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study. Arch In-tern Med. 2009 Aug 10;169(15):1355-62. 29. Brawley OW. Avoidable cancer deaths globally. CA CancerJ Clin 2011; 61:67. 30. Wolin KY, Carson K, Colditz GA. Obesity and cancer. Onco-logist 2010; 15:556. 31. Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention. Volume 1: Causes ofhuman cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7 Suppl 1:S3. 32. Allen NE, Beral V, Casabonne D, et al. Moderate alcoholintake and cancer incidence in women. J Natl Cancer Inst2009; 101:296. 33. Seitz HK, Stickel F. Molecular mechanisms of alcohol-media-ted carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:599. 34. English DR, Armstrong BK. Identifying people at high risk ofcutaneous malignant melanoma: results from a case-controlstudy in Western Australia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988;296:1285. 35. International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Gro-up on artificial ultraviolet (UV) light and skin cancer. The as-sociation of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant mela-noma and other skin cancers: A systematic review. Int J Can-cer 2007; 120:1116. 36. Vastag B. Nutrients for prevention: negative trials send re-searchers back to drawing board. J Natl Cancer Inst2009; 101:446. 37. Chung M(1), Lee J, Terasawa T, Lau J, Trikalinos TA. Vita-min D with or without calcium supplementation for preven-tion of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for theU.S. Preventive Services Task Force.Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec20;155(12):827-38. 38. Gail Model tool for breast cancer risk assessment availableonline at www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/ 39. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Alés-Martínez JE et al. Exemestane forbreast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. N EnglJ Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2381-91. 40. Flossmann E, Rothwell PM; British Doctors Aspirin Trial andthe UK-TIA Aspirin Trial. Effect of aspirin on long-term risk ofcolorectal cancer: consistent evidence from randomised and ob-servational studies. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9573):1603-13.
Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 7 - 14, 25.03.2017

Abstract

References

  • Kaynaklar
  • 1.Bach PB, Jett JR, Pastorino U, et al. Computed tomographyscreening and lung cancer outcomes. JAMA 2007; 297:953. 2.Croswell JM, Baker SG, Marcus PM, et al. Cumulative inci-dence of false-positive test results in lung cancer screening:a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152:505. 3.Slatore CG, Sullivan DR, Pappas M, Humphrey LL. Patient-centered outcomes among lung cancer screening recipientswith computed tomography: a systematic review. J Thorac On-col 2014; 9:927. 4.Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D,Pain A , et al. The Global Burdenof Cancer 2013. JAMA Oncol 2015; 1:505. 5.Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global cancer statistics.CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:69. 6.Coldman A, Phillips N. Incidence of breast cancer and esti-mates of overdiagnosis after the initiation of a population-ba-sed mammography screening program. CMAJ 2013; 185:E492. 7.Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and Harmsof Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2015;314:1615. 8.Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK etal. Effect of screeningand adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N EnglJ Med. 2005 Oct 27;353(17):1784-92. 9.Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W et al. American Cancer Societyguidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mam-mography CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Mar-Apr;57(2):75-89. 10.Shaukat A, Mongin SJ, Geisser MS et al. Long-term morta-lity after screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013Sep 19;369(12):1106-14. 11.Holme Ø, Schoen RE, Senore C,et al. Effectiveness of flexib-le sigmoidoscopy screening in men and women and differentage groups: pooled analysis of randomised trials.BMJ. 2017Jan 13;356:i6673. 12. Doubeni CA, Corley DA, Quinn VP, et al . Effectiveness ofscreening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from rightand left colon cancer: a large community-based study. Gut.2016 Oct 12. pii: gutjnl-2016-312712. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312712. 13. Brett AS, Ablin RJ. Prostate-cancer screening--what the U.S.Preventive Services Task Force left out. N Engl J Med. 2011Nov 24;365(21):1949-51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1112191. 14. Wolf AM, Wender RC, Etzioni RB, et al. American Cancer So-ciety guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: up-date 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 2010; 60:70. 15. American Urologic Association. Detection of prostate cancer.www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/prostate-cancer-de-tection.cfm 6 Ocak 2017 tarihinde ulaşıldı 16. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Filén F, et al. Radical prosta-tectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer:the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial.J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100:1144. 17. Ganz PA, Barry JM, Burke W, et al. National Institutes of He-alth State-of-the-Science Conference: role of active surveil-lance in the management of men with localized prostate can-cer. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Apr 17;156(8):591-5. 18. Gilbert SM, Cavallo CB, Kahane H, Lowe FC. Evidence sugges-ting PSA cutpoint of 2.5 ng/mL for prompting prostate biopsy:review of 36,316 biopsies. Urology. 2005 Mar;65(3):549-53. 19. Peirson L, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ciliska D, Warren R. Scree-ning for cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analy-sis. Syst Rev. 2013 May 24;2:35. 20. Whiteman DC, Wilson LF. The fractions of cancer attributab-le to modifiable factors: A global review.Cancer Epidemiol.2016 Oct;44:203-221. 21. Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD et al. Reduced lung-cancermortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening.NEngl J Med. 2011 Aug 4;365(5):395-409. 22. Larke FJ, Kruger RL, Cagnon CH et al. Estimated radiationdose associated with low-dose chest CT of average-size par-ticipants in the National Lung Screening Trial. AJR Am J Ro-entgenol. 2011 Nov;197(5):1165-9.. 23. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kanser Daire Başkanlığı.http://kanser.gov.tr/kanser/kanser-taramalari/209-ulusal-kanser-taramalari.html. 6 Ocak 2017 tarihinde ulaşıldı 24. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A,et al. Cancer Statistics, 2017.CACancer J Clin. 2017 Jan;67(1):7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21387. 25. Kunisaki C, Ishino J, Nakajima S etal. Outcomes of mass scree-ning for gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006Feb;13(2):221-8. 26. Yeh JM, Hur C, Ward Z, Schrag D, Goldie SJ . Gastric ade-nocarcinoma screening and prevention in the era of new bio-marker and endoscopic technologies: a cost-effectiveness analy-sis Gut. 2016 Apr;65(4):563-74. 27, Jacobs IJ, Menon U, Ryan A,et al. Ovarian cancer screeningand mortality in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Can-cer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lan-cet. 2016 Mar 5;387(10022):945-56. 28 Ford ES, Bergmann MM, Kröger J et al. Healthy living is thebest revenge: findings from the European Prospective Inves-tigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study. Arch In-tern Med. 2009 Aug 10;169(15):1355-62. 29. Brawley OW. Avoidable cancer deaths globally. CA CancerJ Clin 2011; 61:67. 30. Wolin KY, Carson K, Colditz GA. Obesity and cancer. Onco-logist 2010; 15:556. 31. Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention. Volume 1: Causes ofhuman cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7 Suppl 1:S3. 32. Allen NE, Beral V, Casabonne D, et al. Moderate alcoholintake and cancer incidence in women. J Natl Cancer Inst2009; 101:296. 33. Seitz HK, Stickel F. Molecular mechanisms of alcohol-media-ted carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:599. 34. English DR, Armstrong BK. Identifying people at high risk ofcutaneous malignant melanoma: results from a case-controlstudy in Western Australia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988;296:1285. 35. International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Gro-up on artificial ultraviolet (UV) light and skin cancer. The as-sociation of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant mela-noma and other skin cancers: A systematic review. Int J Can-cer 2007; 120:1116. 36. Vastag B. Nutrients for prevention: negative trials send re-searchers back to drawing board. J Natl Cancer Inst2009; 101:446. 37. Chung M(1), Lee J, Terasawa T, Lau J, Trikalinos TA. Vita-min D with or without calcium supplementation for preven-tion of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for theU.S. Preventive Services Task Force.Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec20;155(12):827-38. 38. Gail Model tool for breast cancer risk assessment availableonline at www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/ 39. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Alés-Martínez JE et al. Exemestane forbreast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. N EnglJ Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2381-91. 40. Flossmann E, Rothwell PM; British Doctors Aspirin Trial andthe UK-TIA Aspirin Trial. Effect of aspirin on long-term risk ofcolorectal cancer: consistent evidence from randomised and ob-servational studies. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9573):1603-13.
There are 2 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section makaleler
Authors

Doç. Dr. Orhan Önder Eren

Publication Date March 25, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eren, D. D. O. Ö. (2017). Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, 9(2), 7-14.
AMA Eren DDOÖ. Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma. Aile Hekimliği. March 2017;9(2):7-14.
Chicago Eren, Doç. Dr. Orhan Önder. “Kanser Taramaları Ve Kanserden Korunma”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9, no. 2 (March 2017): 7-14.
EndNote Eren DDOÖ (March 1, 2017) Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9 2 7–14.
IEEE D. D. O. Ö. Eren, “Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma”, Aile Hekimliği, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 7–14, 2017.
ISNAD Eren, Doç. Dr. Orhan Önder. “Kanser Taramaları Ve Kanserden Korunma”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği 9/2 (March 2017), 7-14.
JAMA Eren DDOÖ. Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma. Aile Hekimliği. 2017;9:7–14.
MLA Eren, Doç. Dr. Orhan Önder. “Kanser Taramaları Ve Kanserden Korunma”. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği, vol. 9, no. 2, 2017, pp. 7-14.
Vancouver Eren DDOÖ. Kanser Taramaları ve Kanserden Korunma. Aile Hekimliği. 2017;9(2):7-14.