Abstract
Objective: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Abnormal electrocardiography (ECG) findings are predictors of short-term cardiovascular risk. We aimed to contribute lacking national epidemiologic data regarding the prevalence of abnormal ECG findings in Turkish adults. Methods: The prevalence of abnormal ECG findings and arrhythmias were investigated in the west Black sea region of Turkey. A total of 2239 subjects over 18 years old were examined with 12 derivation resting ECG in this large epidemiological observational cohort study. Pathological Q waves, axis deviation, high R amplitude, ST-T changes, atrioventricular (AV) blocks, intraventricular (IV) blocks, arrhythmias and low QRS voltage were interpreted as ECG parameters. ECG findings were classified according to the Minnesota coding system. Results: Mean age was 50 ± 15 (age=18 to 92) years. Age-adjusted (over 40 years old) prevalence of abnormal ECG findings and arrhythmias were detailed in the following respectively; pathological Q waves 2.06%, left axis deviation 9.64%, high R wave amplitude 6.57%, ST segment depression 2.01%, T inversion 3.25%, left bundle branch block (LBBB) 2.63%, extra systoles 3.26% and atrial fibrillation 2.01%. Conclusion: This observation reveals the increasing trend of the prevalence of arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation in the last two decades in Turkey
Keywords
References
- Ashley EA, Raxwal V, Froelicher V. An evidence-based review of the resting electrocardiogram as a screening technique for heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2001;44(1):55-67.
- De Bacquer D, Martins Pereira LS, De Backer G, et al. The predictive value of electrocardiographic abnor- malities for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women. Eur Heart J 1994;15(12):1604-10.
- Onat A, Avcı GS, Örnek E, ve ark. Türk Erişkinlerinde Elektrokardiyografik Bulgular ile Aritmilerin Preve- lansı: Bir Epidemiyolojik Çalışma. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 1993;21(1):11-16.
- Wit AL, Rosen MR. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. Am Heart J 1983;106(4 Pt 2):798-811.
- Macfarlane PW. Minnesota coding and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities. Heart 2000;84(6):582-4.
- Liao YL, Liu KA, Dyer A, et al. Major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes in men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12(6):1494-500.
- Daviglus ML, Liao Y, Greenland P, et al. Association of nonspecific minor ST-T abnormalities with cardio- vascular mortality: the Chicago Western Electric Study. JAMA 1999;281(6):530-6.
- Denes P, Larson JC, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Major and minor ECG abnormalities in asymptomatic women and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. JAMA 2007;297(9):978-85.
- Sigurdsson E, Sigfusson N, Sigvaldason H, et al. Silent ST-T changes in an epidemiologic cohort study--a marker of hypertension or coronary heart disease, or both: the Reykjavik study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27(5):1140-7.
- Larsen CT, Dahlin J, Blackburn H, et al. Prevalence and prognosis of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, ST segment depression and negative T-wave; the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2002;23(4):315-24.
Abstract
Amaç: Aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH) tüm dünyada en sık ölüm sebebidir. Anormal elektrokardiyografi (EKG) bulguları, kısa dönem kardiyovasküler risk için öngördürücüdür. Türk yetişkinlerinde anormal EKG bulgularının sıklığı ile ilgili eksik olan ulusal epidemiyolojik verilere katkı sağlamayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Türkiye’nin batı Karadeniz bölgesindeki 18 yaş üstü Türk yetişkinlerinde anormal EKG bulguları ile aritmilerin prevalansı araştırıldı. Bu büyük epidemiyolojik gözlemsel kohort çalışmada 2239 kişi 1 kez çekilen 12 derivasyonlu istirahat EKG ile tarandı. EKG’de patolojik Q dalgaları, eksen sapması, yüksek R amplitüdü, ST-T değişiklikleri, atrioventriküler (AV) bloklar, interventriküler (İV) bloklar, aritmiler ve düşük QRS gerilimi gibi EKG parametreleri değerlendirildi. EKG bulguları, Minnesota kod-lama sistemine göre sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Ortalama yaş 50 ± 15 (18-92 yaş) yıl olarak saptandı. Yaş ayarlaması yapılarak, 40 yaş üzerindeki bireylerde anormal EKG ile aritmilerin prevalansı sırasıyla; patolojik Q dalgası %2,06, sol aks sapması %9,64, yüksek R amplitüdü %6,57, ST segment depresyonu %2,01, T negatiflikleri %3,25, sol dal bloğu %2,63, ekstrasistoller %3,26 ve atriyal fibrilasyon %2,01 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu gözlem, son 20 yılda Türkiye’de arteriyel hipertansiyon, koroner arter hastalığı ile atriyal fibrilasyon prevalansının artış eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir
References
- Ashley EA, Raxwal V, Froelicher V. An evidence-based review of the resting electrocardiogram as a screening technique for heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2001;44(1):55-67.
- De Bacquer D, Martins Pereira LS, De Backer G, et al. The predictive value of electrocardiographic abnor- malities for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women. Eur Heart J 1994;15(12):1604-10.
- Onat A, Avcı GS, Örnek E, ve ark. Türk Erişkinlerinde Elektrokardiyografik Bulgular ile Aritmilerin Preve- lansı: Bir Epidemiyolojik Çalışma. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 1993;21(1):11-16.
- Wit AL, Rosen MR. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. Am Heart J 1983;106(4 Pt 2):798-811.
- Macfarlane PW. Minnesota coding and the prevalence of ECG abnormalities. Heart 2000;84(6):582-4.
- Liao YL, Liu KA, Dyer A, et al. Major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk of death from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes in men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12(6):1494-500.
- Daviglus ML, Liao Y, Greenland P, et al. Association of nonspecific minor ST-T abnormalities with cardio- vascular mortality: the Chicago Western Electric Study. JAMA 1999;281(6):530-6.
- Denes P, Larson JC, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Major and minor ECG abnormalities in asymptomatic women and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. JAMA 2007;297(9):978-85.
- Sigurdsson E, Sigfusson N, Sigvaldason H, et al. Silent ST-T changes in an epidemiologic cohort study--a marker of hypertension or coronary heart disease, or both: the Reykjavik study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27(5):1140-7.
- Larsen CT, Dahlin J, Blackburn H, et al. Prevalence and prognosis of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, ST segment depression and negative T-wave; the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J 2002;23(4):315-24.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 6 Issue: 3 |