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Prososyal Yalanın Uygunluğu Testi – Çocuk Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 34 - 42, 14.03.2022

Abstract

Çocukların yalan söyleme davranışlarına ilişkin algılayışları, farklı yalan türleri hakkında değerlendirmeleri araştırmalarda ele alınan konulardandır. Ancak bu konuda yapılan çalışmaların birbirinin karşıtı olan antisosyal ve prososyal niyetlerle söylenen yalanlara odaklandıkları görülmektedir. Yine bu çalışmalarda farklı hikâyeler üzerinden çocukların yalanı ne düzeyde makul gördükleri incelenirken, araştırmacıların çeşitli hikâyeler kullandıkları bilinmektedir. Mevcut çalışma ile hem yalanın özellikle prososyal türüne odaklanarak hangi nedenlerle söylenen prososyal yalanların daha uygun bulunduğu araştırılmış hem de hikâyelerin ölçmek istenilen kavramı ölçüp ölçmediğini görebilmek üzere “Prososyal Yalanın Uygunluğu Testi – Çocuk Formunun” geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya yaşları 8-13 arasında değişen 144 kız ve 133 erkek olmak üzere 277 çocuk katılmıştır. Geçerlik çalışmaları kapsamında, açımlayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve testin son halinin 6’sı “prososyal yalan”, 3’ü başkasının talebi sonrasında ortaya çıkan “işbirlikçi yalan” ve 2’si kendi yararına söylenen “olumsuz yalan” olmak üzere 11 maddeli bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, testin iç-tutarlılık katsayıları ve üç hafta ara ile yapılan uygulamalar sonucunda hesaplanan test-tekrar test güvenilirlik katsayıları testin oldukça güvenilir olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Analiz sonuçları, Prososyal Yalanın Uygunluğu Testi – Çocuk Formunun, ilk ve ortaokul çağındaki çocukların hangi tür yalanları daha uygun bulduklarını değerlendirmek amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.

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References

  • Aydın, M. Ş., Dayhan, T., Eskicioglu, G., Karabacak, A., & Karakas, E. (2020). 3-5 Yaş çocuklarında zihin kuramı ve yönetici işlev becerilerinin olumsuz ve prososyal yalan söyleme davranışları üzerindeki etkisi. Çocuk ve Gelişim Dergisi, 3(5), 47-60.
  • Bok, S. (1978). Lying: Moral choice and private and public life. Hassocks: Harvester Press.
  • Bryant, E. M. (2008). Real lies, white lies and gray lies: Towards a typology of deception. Kaleidoscope: A Graduate Journal of Qualitative Communication Research, 7, 23-48.
  • Bussey, K. (1999). Children’s categorization and evaluation of different types of lies and truths. Child Development, 70, 1338–1347.
  • Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44.
  • DePaulo, B. M., Ansfield, M. E., Kirkendol, S. E., & Boden, J. M. (2004). Serious lies. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 147-167.
  • DePaulo, B. M., Kashy, D. A., Kirkendol, S. E., Wyer, M. M., & Epstein, J. A. (1996). Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 979-995.
  • Fu, G., Lee, K., Cameron, C. A., & Xu, F. (2001). Chinese and Canadian adults’ categorization and evaluation of lie-and truth-telling about prosocial and antisocial behaviors. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(6), 720-727.
  • Fu, G., Xu, F., Cameron, C. A., Heyman, G., & Lee, K. (2007). Cross-cultural differences in children's choices, categorizations, and evaluations of truths and lies. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 278.
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interpersonal ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Lee, K., Cameron, C. A., Xu, F., Fu, G., & Board, J. (1997). Chinese and Canadian children’s evaluations of lying and truth telling: Similarities and differences in the context of pro- and antisocial behaviors. Child Development, 68, 924–934.
  • Lee, K., & Ross, H. J. (1997). The concept of lying in adolescents and young adults: Testing Sweetser’s folkloristic model. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 255–270.
  • Lee, K., Xu, F., Fu, G., Cameron, C. A., & Chen, S. (2001). Taiwan and mainland Chinese and Canadian children’s categorization and evaluation of lie-and truth-telling: A modesty effect. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 525–542.
  • Mojdehi, A. S., Shohoudi, A., & Talwar, V. (2019). Deception or not? Canadian and Persian children’s moral evaluations of Taroof. Current Psychology, 1-12.
  • Siegal, M., & Peterson, C. C. (1998). Preschoolers' understanding of lies and innocent and negligent mistakes. Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 332-341.
  • Talwar, V., Lee, K., Bala, N., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (2002). Children's conceptual knowledge of lying and its relation to their actual behaviors: Implications for court competence examinations. Law and Human Behavior, 26(4), 395-415.
  • Talwar, V., Williams, S. M., Renaud, S. J., Arruda, C., & Saykaly, C. (2016). Children’s evaluations of tattles, confessions, prosocial and antisocial lies. International Review of Pragmatics, 8(2), 334-352.
  • Williams, S. M., Kirmayer, M., Simon, T., & Talwar, V. (2013). Children's antisocial and prosocial lies to familiar and unfamiliar adults. Infant and Child Development, 22(4), 430-438.
  • Xu, F., Luo, Y. C., Fu, G., & Lee, K. (2009). Children's and adults' conceptualization and evaluation of lying and truth‐telling. Infant and Child Development: An International Journal of Research and Practice, 18(4), 307-322.

The Reliability and Validity Study of the Reasonability of Prosocial Lie Test – Child Form

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 34 - 42, 14.03.2022

Abstract

Children’s perceptions of lying behaviors and their evaluations about different types of lies are among the topics discussed in the field. However, it is seen that the studies conducted on this subject focus on the lies that are told with antisocial and prosocial intentions that are opposite to each other. In these studies, it is also known that the researchers used various stories while examining the extent to which children perceive lies as reasonable through different stories. In the current study, it was investigated for which reasons prosocial lies are more appropriate by focusing on the prosocial type of lying, and also the validity and reliability study of the "Reasonability of Prosocial Lie Test - Child Form" was conducted to see whether the stories measure the concept. A total of 277 children, 144 girls and 133 boys, aged between 8 and 13 years, participated in the study. Within the scope of validity studies, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, and it was founded that the final version of the test has an 11-item structure, 6 of which are "prosocial lies", 3 of which are "collaborative lies" emerging after someone else's request, and 2 of which are "negative lies" told for own benefit. In addition, the internal consistency coefficients of the test and the test-retest reliability coefficients revealed that the test was also reliable. The results of the analysis showed that the Reasonability of Prosocial Lie Test - Child Form is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate which types of lies are more appropriate for children in primary and secondary school.

Project Number

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References

  • Aydın, M. Ş., Dayhan, T., Eskicioglu, G., Karabacak, A., & Karakas, E. (2020). 3-5 Yaş çocuklarında zihin kuramı ve yönetici işlev becerilerinin olumsuz ve prososyal yalan söyleme davranışları üzerindeki etkisi. Çocuk ve Gelişim Dergisi, 3(5), 47-60.
  • Bok, S. (1978). Lying: Moral choice and private and public life. Hassocks: Harvester Press.
  • Bryant, E. M. (2008). Real lies, white lies and gray lies: Towards a typology of deception. Kaleidoscope: A Graduate Journal of Qualitative Communication Research, 7, 23-48.
  • Bussey, K. (1999). Children’s categorization and evaluation of different types of lies and truths. Child Development, 70, 1338–1347.
  • Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44.
  • DePaulo, B. M., Ansfield, M. E., Kirkendol, S. E., & Boden, J. M. (2004). Serious lies. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 147-167.
  • DePaulo, B. M., Kashy, D. A., Kirkendol, S. E., Wyer, M. M., & Epstein, J. A. (1996). Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 979-995.
  • Fu, G., Lee, K., Cameron, C. A., & Xu, F. (2001). Chinese and Canadian adults’ categorization and evaluation of lie-and truth-telling about prosocial and antisocial behaviors. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(6), 720-727.
  • Fu, G., Xu, F., Cameron, C. A., Heyman, G., & Lee, K. (2007). Cross-cultural differences in children's choices, categorizations, and evaluations of truths and lies. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 278.
  • Goffman, E. (1967). Interpersonal ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Lee, K., Cameron, C. A., Xu, F., Fu, G., & Board, J. (1997). Chinese and Canadian children’s evaluations of lying and truth telling: Similarities and differences in the context of pro- and antisocial behaviors. Child Development, 68, 924–934.
  • Lee, K., & Ross, H. J. (1997). The concept of lying in adolescents and young adults: Testing Sweetser’s folkloristic model. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 255–270.
  • Lee, K., Xu, F., Fu, G., Cameron, C. A., & Chen, S. (2001). Taiwan and mainland Chinese and Canadian children’s categorization and evaluation of lie-and truth-telling: A modesty effect. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 525–542.
  • Mojdehi, A. S., Shohoudi, A., & Talwar, V. (2019). Deception or not? Canadian and Persian children’s moral evaluations of Taroof. Current Psychology, 1-12.
  • Siegal, M., & Peterson, C. C. (1998). Preschoolers' understanding of lies and innocent and negligent mistakes. Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 332-341.
  • Talwar, V., Lee, K., Bala, N., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (2002). Children's conceptual knowledge of lying and its relation to their actual behaviors: Implications for court competence examinations. Law and Human Behavior, 26(4), 395-415.
  • Talwar, V., Williams, S. M., Renaud, S. J., Arruda, C., & Saykaly, C. (2016). Children’s evaluations of tattles, confessions, prosocial and antisocial lies. International Review of Pragmatics, 8(2), 334-352.
  • Williams, S. M., Kirmayer, M., Simon, T., & Talwar, V. (2013). Children's antisocial and prosocial lies to familiar and unfamiliar adults. Infant and Child Development, 22(4), 430-438.
  • Xu, F., Luo, Y. C., Fu, G., & Lee, K. (2009). Children's and adults' conceptualization and evaluation of lying and truth‐telling. Infant and Child Development: An International Journal of Research and Practice, 18(4), 307-322.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Developmental Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muhammed Sukru Aydın 0000-0003-1112-3180

Sema Karakelle 0000-0002-3899-6670

Asiye Kumru 0000-0002-1514-4248

Project Number -
Publication Date March 14, 2022
Acceptance Date November 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aydın, M. S., Karakelle, S., & Kumru, A. (2022). Prososyal Yalanın Uygunluğu Testi – Çocuk Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 4(1), 34-42.