Güney Kore’nin Homojen Bir Toplumdan Çokkültürlü Topluma Geçişindeki Temel Etkenler

Year 2023, Issue: 17, 223 - 246, 10.06.2023

Betül Güney Hatice Köroğlu Türközü

https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1280542

Abstract

Çokkültürlük, terim olarak ilk kez 1941 yılında kullanılmaya başlanmış olsa da günümüzde sıklıkla karşılaştığımız evrensel bir sözcüktür. Küreselleşen dünyada bugün neredeyse bütün ülkeler, kültürel anlamda çeşitlilikle karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Bu durum, uzun zamandır kendisini etnik ve kültürel açıdan homojen olarak gören Güney Kore için de geçerlidir. Homojen bir toplum özelliği taşıyan Kore, 1990 sonrası dönemde artan göçlerle birlikte çokkültürlü toplum olma yolunda ilk adımlarını atmıştır. Kore Savaşı’ndan (1950-1953) kısa bir süre sonra kendini gelişmiş ülkeler kategorisine yükselten Kore, gelişen teknolojisi ve ekonomisiyle beraber birçok yabancıyı kendine çekmeyi başarmıştır. Günümüz Kore toplumu, yabancıları çekmek için farklı alanlara ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Ülkeye gelen yabancıların büyük çoğunluğunu göçmen işçiler oluştururken bunu yabancı gelinler/damatlar takip etmektedir. Ayrıca Kore’nin eğitim sistemindeki başarısı, birçok yabancı öğrencinin yurt dışı eğitimi için Kore’yi tercih etmesinde etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Kore toplumunda yakın zamanda etkisini gösteren ve hızla artan çokkültürlülüğü meydana getiren unsurlara ve bu durumun Kore toplumu üzerindeki etkilerine değinilmiştir.

Keywords

çokkültürlülük, göçmen işçiler, Güney Kore, uluslararası evlilik, yabancı öğrenci

Main Factors in South Korea's Transition from a Homogenous Society to a Multicultural Society

Abstract

Although multiculturalism was first used as a term in 1941, it is a universal word that we frequently encounter today. In the globalizing world, almost all countries are faced with cultural diversity today. This is also true for South Korea, which has long regarded itself as ethnically and culturally homogeneous. Korea, which has the characteristics of a homogeneous society, has taken the first steps towards becoming a multicultural society with the increasing immigration in the post-1990 period. After the Korean War (1950-1953), it soon upgraded itself to the category of developed countries. Today's Korean society hosts different areas to attract foreigners. With its developing technology and economic development, it has managed to attract many foreigners. While migrant workers constitute the majority of foreigners coming to the country, foreign brides/grooms follow this. In addition, the success of Korea's education system has been influential in many foreign students choosing Korea for their education abroad. In this study, the factors that make up the rapidly increasing multiculturalism in Korean society and the effects of this situation on Korean society are mentioned.

Keywords

multiculturalism, migrant workers, South Korea, international marriage, foreign student

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