kvj Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 2147-6853 Afyon Kocatepe University 10.30607/kvj.998415 Veterinary Sciences Veteriner Bilimleri Effect of Zeolite Use on Na+, K+ and Cl- Ions in Neonatal Calves with Diarrhea İshalli Buzağılarda Zeolit Kullanımının Na+, K+ ve Cl- İyonları Üzerine Etkisi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-4728 Samak Muzaffer HARRAN UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (VETERINARY MEDICINE) (MASTER) (WITH THESIS) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-1145 Temamoğulları Füsun Harran University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-7918 Garip Zozan HARRAN UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (VETERINARY MEDICINE) (DR) 12 31 2021 14 4 467 473 09 21 2021 11 16 2021 Copyright © 2008, Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 2008 Kocatepe Veterinary Journal

In this study, the effects of zeolite applied in addition to routine treatment protocols on Na+, K+, and Cl- levels in calves with diarrhea were investigated. 1-32 days old twelve calves with diarrhea, and 6 healthy controls brought to Sefa Veterinary Clinic in Viranşehir district were enrolled for the study. The responsible bacteria were Escherichia coli in nine of the diarrhea calves and Criptosporodium parvum, Corona virus and Clostridium perfiringens were in the others. Calves with diarrhea were divided into three groups in equal numbers (n=6) as negative control (healthy animal+1 g/kg day oral zeolite), positive control (routine treatment in animals with diarrhea), zeolite group (routine treatment in animals with diarrhea + zeolite (1g/kg/day, oral)). The application was made according to the prospectuses of İsotonic 0.9% NaCl (Polifleks®, Polifarma, Turkey), sodium bicarbonate (Bikarvil®, Vilsan, Ankara), Vitamin, Amino acid, Electrolyte, Dextrose (Duphalyte®, Zoetis, Spain) + Vitamine C (İnjacom C®, Ceva, Istanbul) + Marbofloxacin (Marbox®, Ceva, Istanbul) were administered daily to the positive control and zeolite groups. During the treatment procedure, death was observed on the 6th day in a calf with Corona virus. During the treatment, Na+, K+, and Cl- ions were measured in the serum on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th-days. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of Na+ and Cl- ions on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days (p>0.05). However, the 1st and 5th-day K+ levels were found to be higher in the zeolite group compared to the other groups (p<0.001). The reason for this difference is thought to be due to both the cellular damage due to diarrheal agents and the increase in K+ absorption from the environment by zeolite. However, it was observed that the healing process of diarrhea was faster in the zeolite group compared to the other groups.

Bu çalışmada ishalli buzağılarda rutin tedavi protokollerine ek olarak uygulanan zeolitin Na+, K+ ve Cl- seviyeleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma için Viranşehir ilçesi Sefa Veteriner Kliniğine getirilen 1-32 günlük 12 adet ishalli ve sağlıklı 6 adet buzağı kaydedildi. İshalli buzağıların 9 tanesinde Escherichia coli, diğerlerinde ise Criptosporodium parvum, Corona virus ve Clostridium perfiringens etken tespiti yapıldı. İshalli buzağılar eşit sayıda olacak (n=6) şekilde negatif kontrol grubu (sağlıklı hayvan +1g/kg /gün, oral zeolit), pozitif kontrol grubu (ishalli hayvanda rutin tedavi), zeolit grubu (ishalli hayvanda rutin tedavi + zeolit (1g/kg /gün, oral)) olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Pozitif kontrol ve zeolit grubuna günlük olarak izotonik 0.9% NaCl (Polifleks®, Polifarma, Türkiye), sodyum bikarbonat (Bikarvil®, Vilsan, Ankara), vitamin, amino asit, elektrolit, dekstroz (Duphalyte®, Zoetis, İspanya) + Vitamin C (İnjacom C®, Ceva, İstanbul) + Marbofloksasin (Marbox®, Ceva, İstanbul) uygulaması prospektüslerine göre yapıldı. Tedavi prosedürü içerisinde Corona virüs etkenli bir buzağıda 6. günde ölüm görüldü. Tedavi süresince 1. 3. ve 5. günlerde serumda Na+, K+ ve Cl- iyonları ölçümü gerçekleştirildi. 1. 3. ve 5. günlerde Na+ ve Cl- iyonu bakımından gruplar arasında istatistikî olarak fark görülmedi (p>0.05). Ancak, çalışmada zeolit grubunda diğer gruplara göre 1.ve 5. gün K+ düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Bu farklılığının nedeninin hem ishal etkenlerine bağlı oluşan hücresel hasardan hem de zeolitin ortamdan K+ emilimini arttırmasından ileri geldiği düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, zeolit grubunda diğer gruplara göre ishalin iyileşme sürecinin daha hızlı olduğu görülmüştür.

 Diyare İyon Neonatal Buzağı Zeolit Diarrhea Ion Neonatal calves Zeolite Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum kuruluş tarafından desteklenmemektedir. Abbas F, Ijaz M, Akhtar Z, Mehmood K, Hyder MZ, Iqbal U. A Study on the Correlation of Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements along with Associated Risk Factors in Diarrheic Buffalo and Cattle Calves. Pak. J. Zool. 2019;51(3): 1–5. Akdağ E, Ulutaş B. Canine Parvoviral Enteritis’li Köpeklerde Klinoptilolit’in Sağaltım Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın, 2014. Aksoy G. Bağırsak Hastalıkları, In:Geviş Getiren Hayvanların İç Hastalıkları (Sığır, Koyun- Keçi). Ed; Gül Y, 4th ed., Ankara, Medipres Yayıncılık. 2016; pp. 112-121. Aksoy G, Biricik Hs, Avcı M, Daş A. Sığırlarda Sol Taraflı Abomasum Deplasmanlarının Yemlere Zeolit Minerali Katılarak Önlenmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Vet. Fakültesi Derg. 2018 ;7(1): 32–9. Akyüz E, Naseri A, Erkiliç EE, Makav M, Uzlu E, Kirmizigül AH, Gökce G. Neonatal Buzağı İshalleri ve Sepsis. Kafkas Univ. Inst. Nat. Appl. Sci. J. 2017;10(2): 181–91. Anonim 2013. http://zeolife.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/EU-No-651- 2013.pdf; Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2021. Filya İ, Karabulut A, Ak İ, Akgündüz V. Entansif Kuzu Besisinde Zeolit Kullanılmasının Kuzuların Besi Performansı ile Bazı Kan ve Rumen Sıvısı Metabolitleri Üzerine Etkileri. Hayvansal Üretim. 1999;39: 39–48. Golbeck L, Cohrs I, Leonhard-Marek S, Grünberg W. Effect of dehydration and acidemia on the potassium content of muscle tissue and erythrocytes in calves with neonatal diarrhea. J. Dairy Sci. 2018;101(10): 9339–49. Grandemange PE, Mathevet E, Charrier J, Davot L. Use of marbofloxacin to treat K99 Escherichia coli gastroenteritis in newborn calves. Irish Veterinary Journal. 2002;55: 180-189. Grce M, Pavelić K. Antiviral properties of clinoptilolite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2005;79(1–3): 165–9. Grove-White DH, Michell AR. Latrogenic hypocalcaemia during parenteral fluid therapy of diarrhoeic calves. Vet. Rec. 2001;149(7): 203–7. Hotta M, Nakajima H, Yamamoto K, Aono M. Antibacterial temporary filling materials: The effect of adding various ratios of Ag-Zn-Zeolite. J. Oral Rehabil. 1998; 25(7): 485–9. Izzo M, Gunn AA, House JK. Neonatal Diarrhea, Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants, In: Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ed; Smith BP, 5th ed., Mosby, St Louis. 2015; pp. 314-335. Kaya U, Coşkun A. Tokat Bölgesindeki Neonatal Buzağı İshallerinin Etiyolojisinin Belirlenmesi. Manas J Agr Vet Life Sci. 2018;8(1): 75–80. Köktürk U. Zeolit Madenciliği ve Çevre Sağlığına Etkileri. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu . 1995. p. 293–301. Lee SH, Choi EW, Kim D. Relationship between the values of blood parameters and physical status in Korean native calves with diarrhea. J. Vet. Sci. 2020; 12(2):e17. Martínez M, Castro M, Hidalgo K, Ayala L, Pérez R, Hernández L, Báez L. La utilización efectiva de la zeolita natural para el control de las diarreas. Rev. Cuba. Cienc. Agrícola. 2004; 38(4): 395–8. Matsuura T, Abe Y, Sato Y, Okamoto K, Ueshige M, Akagawa Y. Prolonged antimicrobial effect of tissue conditioners containing silver-zeolite. J. Dent. 1997; 25(5): 373–7. Melenova L, Ciahotny K, Jirglova H, Kusa H, Ruzek P. Removal of Ammonia from Waste Gases by Adsorption on Zeolites and Their Utilization in Agriculture . Chem. List. 2003; 97(7): 562–8. Natalija F, Stojić V, Janković D, Šamanc H, Gvozdić D. The effect of a clinoptilolite based mineral adsorber on concentrations of immunoglobulin G in the serum of newborn calves fed different amounts of colostrum. Acta Vet. Brno. 2005; 55(1): 11–21. Naylor JM, Petrie L, Rodriguez MI, Skilnick P. A comparison of three oral electrolyte solutions in the treatment of diarrheic calves. Can. Vet. J. Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1990; 31(11): 753–760. Omole OO, Nappert G, Naylor JM, Zello GA. Both L- and D-lactate contribute to metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves. The Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131(8): 2128–31. Papaioannou D, Katsoulos PD, Panousis N, Karatzias H. The role of natural and synthetic zeolites as feed additives on the prevention and/or the treatment of certain farm animal diseases: A review. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2005; 84(1–3): 161–70. Pavelic K, Katic M, Sverko V, Marotti T, Bosnjak B, Balog T, Stojkovic R, Radacic M, Colic M, Poljak-Blazi M. Immunostimulatory effect of natural clinoptilolite as a possible mechanism of its antimetastatic ability. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 2002; 128(1): 37–44. Pourliotis K, Karatzia MA, Florou-Paneri P, Katsoulos PD, Karatzias H. Effects of dietary inclusion of clinoptilolite in colostrum and milk of dairy calves on absorption of antibodies against Escherichia coli and the incidence of diarrhea. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2012; 172(3–4): 136–40. Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Barrios A Iraizo MA, Perdomo I, Cedre B. Enterex: Anti-diarrheic drug based on purified natural clinoptilolite. Zeolites. 1997; 19(5–6): 441–8. Sadeghi AA, Shawrang P. Effects of natural zeolite clinoptilolite on passive immunity and diarrhea in newborn Holstein calves. Livest. Sci. 2008; 113(2–3): 307–10. Stojic V, Samanc H, Fratric N. The effect of a clinoptilolite based mineral adsorber on colostral immunoglobulin G absorption in newborn calves. Acta Veterinaria. 1995; 45(2-3): 67-74. Şahal M, Safa Terzi O, Ceylan E, Kara E. Buzağı İshalleri ve Korunma Yöntemleri. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 2018; 58: 41–9. Şen İ, Güzelbekteş H, Yıldız R. Neonatal Buzağı İshalleri: Patofizyoloji, Epidemiyoloji, Klinik, Tedavi ve Koruma. Turkiye Klin. J Vet Sci . 2013; 4(1): 71–8. Şentürk Demirel D, Demirel R, Doran İ. Doğal Zeolitlerin Hayvancılıkta Kullanım Olanakları. J. Agric. Fac. HR.U. 2010; 14(2): 13–20. Thilsing-Hansen T, Jørgensen RJ. Hot Topic: Prevention of Parturient Paresis and Subclinical Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows by Zeolite A Administration in the Dry Period. J. Dairy Sci. 2001; 84(3): 691–3. Thilsing-Hansen T, Jørgensen RJ, Enemark JMD, Larsen T. The effect of zeolite supplementation in the dry period on periparturient calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium homeostasis. J. Dairy Sci. 2002; 85(7): 1855–62. Toledano-Magaña Y, Flores-Santos L, Montes De Oca G, González-Montiel A, Laclette JP, Carrero JC. Effect of clinoptilolite and sepiolite nanoclays on human and parasitic highly phagocytic cells. Biomed Res. Int. 2015; 2015(164980). Torsein M, Lindberg A, Sandgren CH, Waller KP, Törnquist M, Svensson C. Risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds. Prev. Vet. Med. 2011; 99(2–4): 136–47. Trefz FM, Lorch A, Feist M, Sauter-Louis C, Lorenz I. The prevalence and clinical relevance of hyperkalemia in calves with neonatal diarrhea. The Veterinary Journal. 2013; 195(3): 350–6. Ural DA, Erdoğan H, Toplu S, Ayan A. Application of Oral Clinoptilolite İntended For Prevention of Giardiasis in Goat Kids. Kocatepe Vet. J. Kocatepe Vet J . 2017; 10(3): 158–63. Waldenstedt L. Effect of vaccination against coccidiosis in combination with an antibacterial oregano (Origanum vulgare) compound in organic broiler production. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A-Animal Science. 2003; 53(2): 101-109. Vidal A, Aguirre L, Seminati C, Tello M, Redondo N, Martín M, Darwich L. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and characterization of Escherichia coli strains from cases of neonatal diarrhea in Spanish pig farms. Veterinary sciences 2020; 7(2): 48. Yazıcı Z. Buzağılarda Rotavirus Enfeksiyonlarının Seroepidemiolojisi Ve Elisa Testi İle Rotavirus Antijenlerinin İdentifikasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Vet. Fakültesi Derg. 1993 ;40(02): 231–40. Yeşi̇lbağ K, Alpay G, Tuncer P. Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Vet. Fakültesi Derg. 2012; 31(1): 11–7. Zarkovic N. 4-Hydroxynonenal as a bioactive marker of pathophysiological processes. Mol. Aspects Med. 2003; 24(4–5): 281–91.