Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2024, Sayı: 114, 1 - 19, 22.06.2024

Adem Levent

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1435265

Öz

Kirzner, one of the most prominent representatives of the Austrian school of economics since 1970s, attracted attention with his theory of entrepreneurial discovery. According to Kirzner, the main characteristic of the entrepreneur is the ability to discover opportunities that are latent in initial conditions. This ability is referred to as “entrepreneurial discovery action”. Entrepreneurial discovery action is realizing a profit that can be obtained without any cost. As a result of this action, pure entrepreneurial profit is obtained. Pure entrepreneurial profit is the profit obtained from the discovered and cost-free gains. It is also legitimate because it does not harm others when obtained. The functioning of the capitalist system relies on this pure entrepreneurial profit. Advocates of distributive justice, lacking a complete understanding of entrepreneurial profit, accuse the capitalist system of injustice and immorality. Awareness of entrepreneurial discovery action and its pure entrepreneurial profit brings a new perspective to the discussions on capitalism and distributive justice. This study examines Kirzner’s thoughts on capitalism and distributive justice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kirzner Entrepreneurial Discovery Action Distributive Justice Finder- Keeper Ethics

Kaynakça

  • Acar, M. (2010), Avusturya İktisadının İktisadî Düşünceye Katkıları Üzerine, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 15 (59-60): 203-214.
  • Arrighi, G. (2001), Braudel, Capitalism, and the New Economic Sociology, Review, 24 (1): 107-123.
  • Backhouse, R. E. (2010), Austrian Economics and the Mainstream: View From the Boundary, The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 3 (2): 31-43.
  • Baumol, W. J. (1990), Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive, Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5): 893-921.
  • Blaug, M. (2001), No History of Ideas, Please, We’re Economists, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (1): 145-164.
  • Blaug, M. (2003), The Formalist Revolution of the 1950s, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 25 (2): 145-156.
  • Boettke, P. J. (2014), Entrepreneurship, and the Entrepreneurial Market Process: Israel M. Kirzner and the Two Levels of Analysis in Spontaneous Order Studies, Review of Austrian Economics, 27: 233-247.
  • Boettke, P. J. (2022), Menger and Contemporary Austrian Economics: Knowledge, Institutions and Liberalism, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 29 (5): 788-800.
  • Boettke, P. J., C. J. Coyne ve P. Newman (2016), The History of A Tradition: Austrian Economics from 1871 to 2016, Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, 34A: 199-243.
  • Boulding, K. E. (1971), After Samuelson, Who Needs Adam Smith?, History of Political Economy, 3: 225-237.
  • Brighouse, H. (2022), Adalet Teorileri: Çağdaş Bir Tartışma (çev. İsmail Yılmaz), Ankara: Fol Kitap.
  • Burczak, T. (2002), A Critique of Kirzner’s Finders-Keepers Defense of Profit, The Review of Austrian Economics, 15 (1): 75-90.
  • Butos, W. N. ve P. J. Boettke (2002), Kirznerian Entrepreneurship and The Economics of Science, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 12 (1): 119-130.
  • Colander, D., R. P. F. Holt ve J. B. Rosser (2004), The Changing Face of Mainstream Economics, Review of Political Economy, 16(4): 485-499.
  • Dequech, D. (2007), Neoclassical, Mainstream, Orthodox, and Heterodox Economics, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 30 (2): 279-302.
  • Douhan, R., G. Eliasson ve M. Henrekson (2007), Israel M. Kirzner: An Outstanding Austrian Contributor to the Economics of Entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 29 (1/2): 213-223.
  • Hayek, F. A. (1995), Kanun, Yasama Faaliyeti ve Özgürlük: Sosyal Adalet Serabı (çev. Mustafa Erdoğan), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Hodgson, G. M. (2021), Debating the Future of Heterodox Economics, Journal of Economic Issues, 55 (3): 603-614.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1973), Competition and Entrepreneurship, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1978), Entrepreneurship, Entitlement, and Economic Justice, Eastern Economic Journal, 4 (1): 9-25.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1982), Competition, Regulation, and the Market Process: An “Austrian” Perspective, Cato Institute Policy Analysis, 18: 1-7.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1985), Discovery and the Capitalist Process, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1989), Discovery, Capitalism and Distribute Justice, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1990), Discovery, Private Property and the Theory of Justice in Capitalist Society, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 1 (3): 209-224.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1997), Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach, Journal of Economic Literature, 35 (1): 60-85.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1998), Coordination as a Criterion for Economic “Goodness”, Constitutional Political Economy, 9: 289-301.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1999), Creativity and/or Alertness: A Reconsideration of the Schumpeterian Entrepreneur, Review of Austrian Economics, 11: 5-17.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2000), How Markets Work: Disequilibrium, Entrepreneurship and Discovery, London: Published by The Institute of Economic Affairs, Second Impression.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2017), The Entrepreneurial Market Process: An Exposition, Southern Economic Journal, 83 (4): 855-868.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2019), The Ethics of Pure Entrepreneurship: An Austrian Economics Perspective, Review of Austrian Economics, 32: 89-99.
  • Klein, D. B. ve J. Briggeman (2010), Israel Kirzner on Coordination and Discovery, The Journal of Private Enterprise, 25 (2): 1-53.
  • Levent, A. (2020), Ana Akım İktisat ve Kapitalizm İlişkisi: Eleştirel Bir Giriş, Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8 (2): 483-492
  • Levent, A. (2021), Piyasa, Sosyal Düzen ve Kapitalizmin Koordinasyon Problemi, Sosyoloji Divanı, 9 (18): 51-69.
  • Lewin, P. (2002), Entrepreneurship and the Defense of Capitalism: An Examination of the Work of Israel Kirzner, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 12 (2): 203- 212.
  • McCloskey, D. N. (2013), Why Economics Cannot Explain the Modern World, Economic Record, 89: 8-22.
  • McCloskey, D. N. (2019), Why Liberalism Works: How True Liberal Values Produce a Freer, More Equal, Prosperous World for All, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Mises, L. V. (2008), İnsan Eylemi (çev. İsmail Aktar), Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Nozick, R. (2006), Anarşi, Devlet ve Ütopya (çev. Alişan Oktay), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2. Baskı.
  • Ramoglou, S. (2021), Why Do Disequilibria Exist? An Ontological Study of Kirznerian Economics, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 45: 833-856
  • Salerno, J. T. (1992), Mises and Hayek Dehomogenized, The Review of Austrian Economics, 6 (2): 113-146.
  • Salerno, J. T. (2010), Menger’s Causal-Realist Analysis in Modern Economics, The Review of Austrian Economics, 23: 1-16.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2022), Adalet: Yapılması Gereken Doğru Şey Nedir? (çev. Mehmet Kocaoğlu), Ankara: Felix Kitap, 10. Baskı.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1934] 2008), The Theory of Economic Development, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1942] 2022), Kapitalizm, Sosyalizm ve Demokrasi (çev. Mustafa Acar), Ankara: Serbest Kitaplar.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1947), The Creative Response in Economic History, The Journal of Economic History, 7 (2): 149-159.
  • Solow, R. M. (1997), How Did Economics Get That Way and What Way Did It Get?, Daedalus, 126 (1): 39-58.
  • Vanberg, V. J. (2022), Carl Menger, F. A. Hayek and the Evolutionary Strand in Austrian Economics, The Review of Austrian Economics, 35: 481-515.
  • Vaughn, K. I. (1992), The Problem of Order in Austrian Economics: Kirzner vs. Lachmann, Review of Political Economy, 4 (3): 251-274.
  • Vaughn, K. I. (1994), Austrian Economics in America: The Migration of A Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yılmaz, F. (2001/2002), İktisatta ‘Politik’in Doğası, Doğu Batı, 4 (17): 87-103.

Kapitalizm ve İktisadi Adalet: Kirzner’in Perspektifi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 114, 1 - 19, 22.06.2024

Adem Levent

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1435265

Öz

Avusturya iktisat okulunun 1970 sonrası en önemli temsilcilerinden biri olan Kirzner, girişimci keşif teorisiyle dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Kirzner’e göre girişimcinin asıl karakteri başlangıç koşullarında atıl fırsatları ortaya çıkarma yeteneğidir. Bu yetenek, girişimci keşif eylemi olarak adlandırılır. Girişimci keşif eylemi, kişinin maliyetsiz olarak elde edilebilen bir kazancın farkına vardığı eylemdir. Bu eylem neticesinde saf girişimci kârı elde edilir. Saf girişimci kârı, keşfedilen ve maliyetsiz olarak elde edilebilen kazançtır. Elde edilirken başkalarına zarar verilmediğinden de meşrudur. Kapitalist sistemin işleyişi, söz konusu saf girişimci kârına dayanır. Dağıtımcı adalet taraftarı düşünürler, girişimci kârını tam olarak anlamadıkları için kapitalist sistemi adaletsizlik ve ahlaksızlıkla suçlarlar. Girişimci keşif eylemi ve bu eylemden doğan saf girişimci kârının bilinmesi, kapitalizm ve dağıtımcı adalete ilişkin tartışmalara yeni bir bakış açısı getirmektedir. Bu çalışma Kirzner’in kapitalizme ve dağıtımcı adalete yönelik düşüncelerini irdelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kirzner Girişimci Keşif Eylemi Dağıtımcı Adalet Bulucu-Koruyucu Etik

Kaynakça

  • Acar, M. (2010), Avusturya İktisadının İktisadî Düşünceye Katkıları Üzerine, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 15 (59-60): 203-214.
  • Arrighi, G. (2001), Braudel, Capitalism, and the New Economic Sociology, Review, 24 (1): 107-123.
  • Backhouse, R. E. (2010), Austrian Economics and the Mainstream: View From the Boundary, The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 3 (2): 31-43.
  • Baumol, W. J. (1990), Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive, Journal of Political Economy, 98 (5): 893-921.
  • Blaug, M. (2001), No History of Ideas, Please, We’re Economists, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (1): 145-164.
  • Blaug, M. (2003), The Formalist Revolution of the 1950s, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 25 (2): 145-156.
  • Boettke, P. J. (2014), Entrepreneurship, and the Entrepreneurial Market Process: Israel M. Kirzner and the Two Levels of Analysis in Spontaneous Order Studies, Review of Austrian Economics, 27: 233-247.
  • Boettke, P. J. (2022), Menger and Contemporary Austrian Economics: Knowledge, Institutions and Liberalism, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 29 (5): 788-800.
  • Boettke, P. J., C. J. Coyne ve P. Newman (2016), The History of A Tradition: Austrian Economics from 1871 to 2016, Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, 34A: 199-243.
  • Boulding, K. E. (1971), After Samuelson, Who Needs Adam Smith?, History of Political Economy, 3: 225-237.
  • Brighouse, H. (2022), Adalet Teorileri: Çağdaş Bir Tartışma (çev. İsmail Yılmaz), Ankara: Fol Kitap.
  • Burczak, T. (2002), A Critique of Kirzner’s Finders-Keepers Defense of Profit, The Review of Austrian Economics, 15 (1): 75-90.
  • Butos, W. N. ve P. J. Boettke (2002), Kirznerian Entrepreneurship and The Economics of Science, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 12 (1): 119-130.
  • Colander, D., R. P. F. Holt ve J. B. Rosser (2004), The Changing Face of Mainstream Economics, Review of Political Economy, 16(4): 485-499.
  • Dequech, D. (2007), Neoclassical, Mainstream, Orthodox, and Heterodox Economics, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 30 (2): 279-302.
  • Douhan, R., G. Eliasson ve M. Henrekson (2007), Israel M. Kirzner: An Outstanding Austrian Contributor to the Economics of Entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 29 (1/2): 213-223.
  • Hayek, F. A. (1995), Kanun, Yasama Faaliyeti ve Özgürlük: Sosyal Adalet Serabı (çev. Mustafa Erdoğan), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Hodgson, G. M. (2021), Debating the Future of Heterodox Economics, Journal of Economic Issues, 55 (3): 603-614.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1973), Competition and Entrepreneurship, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1978), Entrepreneurship, Entitlement, and Economic Justice, Eastern Economic Journal, 4 (1): 9-25.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1982), Competition, Regulation, and the Market Process: An “Austrian” Perspective, Cato Institute Policy Analysis, 18: 1-7.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1985), Discovery and the Capitalist Process, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1989), Discovery, Capitalism and Distribute Justice, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1990), Discovery, Private Property and the Theory of Justice in Capitalist Society, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 1 (3): 209-224.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1997), Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach, Journal of Economic Literature, 35 (1): 60-85.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1998), Coordination as a Criterion for Economic “Goodness”, Constitutional Political Economy, 9: 289-301.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1999), Creativity and/or Alertness: A Reconsideration of the Schumpeterian Entrepreneur, Review of Austrian Economics, 11: 5-17.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2000), How Markets Work: Disequilibrium, Entrepreneurship and Discovery, London: Published by The Institute of Economic Affairs, Second Impression.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2017), The Entrepreneurial Market Process: An Exposition, Southern Economic Journal, 83 (4): 855-868.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2019), The Ethics of Pure Entrepreneurship: An Austrian Economics Perspective, Review of Austrian Economics, 32: 89-99.
  • Klein, D. B. ve J. Briggeman (2010), Israel Kirzner on Coordination and Discovery, The Journal of Private Enterprise, 25 (2): 1-53.
  • Levent, A. (2020), Ana Akım İktisat ve Kapitalizm İlişkisi: Eleştirel Bir Giriş, Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8 (2): 483-492
  • Levent, A. (2021), Piyasa, Sosyal Düzen ve Kapitalizmin Koordinasyon Problemi, Sosyoloji Divanı, 9 (18): 51-69.
  • Lewin, P. (2002), Entrepreneurship and the Defense of Capitalism: An Examination of the Work of Israel Kirzner, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, 12 (2): 203- 212.
  • McCloskey, D. N. (2013), Why Economics Cannot Explain the Modern World, Economic Record, 89: 8-22.
  • McCloskey, D. N. (2019), Why Liberalism Works: How True Liberal Values Produce a Freer, More Equal, Prosperous World for All, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
  • Mises, L. V. (2008), İnsan Eylemi (çev. İsmail Aktar), Ankara: Liberte Yayınları.
  • Nozick, R. (2006), Anarşi, Devlet ve Ütopya (çev. Alişan Oktay), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2. Baskı.
  • Ramoglou, S. (2021), Why Do Disequilibria Exist? An Ontological Study of Kirznerian Economics, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 45: 833-856
  • Salerno, J. T. (1992), Mises and Hayek Dehomogenized, The Review of Austrian Economics, 6 (2): 113-146.
  • Salerno, J. T. (2010), Menger’s Causal-Realist Analysis in Modern Economics, The Review of Austrian Economics, 23: 1-16.
  • Sandel, M. J. (2022), Adalet: Yapılması Gereken Doğru Şey Nedir? (çev. Mehmet Kocaoğlu), Ankara: Felix Kitap, 10. Baskı.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1934] 2008), The Theory of Economic Development, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1942] 2022), Kapitalizm, Sosyalizm ve Demokrasi (çev. Mustafa Acar), Ankara: Serbest Kitaplar.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1947), The Creative Response in Economic History, The Journal of Economic History, 7 (2): 149-159.
  • Solow, R. M. (1997), How Did Economics Get That Way and What Way Did It Get?, Daedalus, 126 (1): 39-58.
  • Vanberg, V. J. (2022), Carl Menger, F. A. Hayek and the Evolutionary Strand in Austrian Economics, The Review of Austrian Economics, 35: 481-515.
  • Vaughn, K. I. (1992), The Problem of Order in Austrian Economics: Kirzner vs. Lachmann, Review of Political Economy, 4 (3): 251-274.
  • Vaughn, K. I. (1994), Austrian Economics in America: The Migration of A Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Yılmaz, F. (2001/2002), İktisatta ‘Politik’in Doğası, Doğu Batı, 4 (17): 87-103.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi Politik Teorisi, Heterodoks İktisat
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Adem Levent 0000-0002-1683-6107

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 6 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 114

Kaynak Göster

APA Levent, A. (2024). Kapitalizm ve İktisadi Adalet: Kirzner’in Perspektifi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(114), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1435265
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