Main Growth Parameters of a Threatened Species Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896) from Tahtalı Reservoir, İzmir, Turkey

Abstract

A diverse genus of the Cyprinidae family, genus Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 has a wide distribution. More than half of the species distributes in Turkey, however there is little biological information about them. The aim of this study is to investigate the population parameters of Eastern Aegean Nase Chondrostoma holmwoodii and to evaluate the risks for the species in Tahtalı Reservoir. Fish sampling was carried out at 8 different sampling points at Tahtalı Reservoir in 2014 with multimesh gillnets. Population parameters such as age and sex composition, length frequence analysis and von Bertalanffy growth function were investigated. A total of 215 specimens of C. holmwoodii was sampled. Total length of the specimens varies between 4.3 - 28.2 cm and total weight 1.05 - 271 g. Age composition of the sampled specimens varies between 0 to V and most of the specimens were age-III. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for C. holmwoodii was estimated as; = 395.30 mm (SD=63.80), K=0.17 (SD=0.05) and =46.45 mm (SD=9.41). In conclusion, main problem for C. holmwoodii population in Tahtalı Reservoir is predation risk by Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758. In order to offer conservation strategies for C. holmwoodii Tahtalı Reservoir population, diet, population structure, and life history traits of P. fluviatilis need to be studied in detail.

Keywords

• Chondrostoma holmwoodii
• Eastern Aegean Nase
• endemic fish
• von Bertalanffy

Nesli Tehlike Altında Olan Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger, 1896)’nin Tahtalı Baraj Gölü’ndeki Büyüme Parametreleri

Abstract

Cyprinidae familyasına ait Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 cinsi geniş dağılım alanına sahiptir. Chondrostoma türlerinin çoğu Türkiye’de dağılım göstermesine rağmen biyolojileri hakkında yeterince bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Chondrostoma holmwoodii’nin Tahtalı Baraj Gölü’ndeki popülasyon parametrelerini incelemek ve mevcut popülasyonun risklerini değerlendirmek bu araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Balık örnekleri 2014 yılında Tahtalı Baraj Gölü’nde belirlenen sekiz farklı örnekleme noktasından çokgözlü ağlar ile örneklenmiştir. Yaş ve cinsiyet kompozisyonu, boy frekans analizi ve von Bertalanffy büyüme fonksiyonu gibi popülasyon parametreleri araştırılmıştır. C. holmwoodii'nin total boyu 4,3 – 28,2 cm ve toplam ağırlığı 1,05 - 271 g arasında değişen 215 bireyi örneklenmiştir. Örneklenen bireylerin yaş kompozisyonu 0 ile V arasında değişirken popülasyondaki baskın yaş III olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca von Bertalanffy büyüme parametreleri; L∞ = 395,30 mm (SS = 63,80), K = 0,17 (SS = 0,05) ve L0 = 46,45 mm (SS = 9,41) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Tahtalı Barajı Gölü’ndeki C. holmwoodii popülasyonu için temel tehditin Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758'in tür üzerindeki predasyon baskısı olduğu görülmüştür. C. holmwoodii’nin Tahtalı Baraj Gölü popülasyonu için koruma stratejileri belirlenirken P. fluviatilis'in diyet, popülasyon yapısı ve yaşam öyküleri de incelenmelidir.

Keywords

• Kababurun balığı
• Chondrostoma holmwoodii
• endemik balık
• von Bertalanffy

References

1. Ay ZK. 2001. Tahtalı Barajı Koruma Alanında Kirlenmeyi Önleyici Alternatif Arazi Kullanım Politikalarının Belirlenmesi. İzmir: T.C. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Ege Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Technical Report 4. 70 pp. [in Turkish]
2. Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, Sarı HM, Topkara ET. 2007. Yayla Gölü’ndeki (Buldan-Denizli) Karaburun Balığı (Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira, 1987)’nın Bazı Büyüme ve Üreme Özellikleri. Science and Eng J of Fırat Univ. 19(3): 325-332. [in Turkish]
3. von Bertalanffy L. 1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth (inquiries on growth laws II). Human Biology. 10:181–213.
4. Beverton RJH. 1954. Notes on the use of theoretical models in the study of the dynamics of exploited fish populations. United States Fishery Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina, Miscellaneous Contribution (2), 159 p.
5. Cailliet GM, Smith WD, Mollet HF, Goldman KJ. 2006. Age and growth studies of chondrichthyan fishes: the need for consistency in terminology, verification, validation, and growth function fitting. In: Age and Growth of Chondrichthyan Fishes: New Methods, Techniques and Analysis. Netherlands: Springer p. 211-228.
6. Copp GH, Tarkan AS, Masson G, Godard MJ, Koščo J, Kováč V, Novomeská A, Miranda R, Cucherousset J, Pedicillo G, Blackwell BG. 2016. A review of growth and life-history traits of native and non-native European populations of black bullhead Ameiurus melas. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 26 (3): 441-469. doi:10.1007/s11160-016-9436-z
7. Durand JD, Bianco PG, Laroche J, Gilles A. 2003. Insight into the origin of endemic Mediterranean ichthyofauna-Phylogeography of Chondrostoma genus (Teleostean, Cyprinidae). J Hered. 94(4): 315-328. doi:10.1093/jhered/esg074
8. Elvira B. 1997. Taxonomy of the Genus Chondrostoma (Osteichthyes, Cyprinidae): An Updated review. Folia Zool Brno. 46: 1-14.

9. Freyhof J. 2014. Chondrostoma holmwoodii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014; [cited 2017 June 01]. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/4787/0 doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS. T4787A19006425.en
10. Freyhof J. Özuluğ M. 2009. Pseudophoxinus evliyae, a new species of spring minnow from Western Anatolia with remarks on the distribution of P. ninae and the systematic position of P. fahirae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol Explor Fres. 20 (4): 309-318.
11. Gerritsen HD, McGrath D, Lordan C. 2006. A simple method for comparing age length keys reveals significant regional differences within a single stock of Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). ICES J Mar Sci. 63 (6):1096-1100. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.008
12. Gürleyen N, İlhan A, Başıaçık S, Ustaoğlu MR, Sarı HM. 2012. Some growth features of nase (Chondrostoma meandrense Elvira, 1987) in Adıgüzel Reservoir. Ege J Fish Aqua Sci. 29(3): 123-126. doi:10.12714/egejfas.2012.29.3.03
13. Haddon MJ. 2011. Modelling and Quantitative Methods in Fisheries. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC 465 p.
14. İlhan A, Sarı HM, Balık S. 2010. Growth features of an endemic population of Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in western Anatolia. Acta Ichthyol Piscat. 42(2): 155–159. doi:10.3750/AIP2010.40.2.08
15. Jennings S, Greenstreet S, Reynolds J. 1999. Structural change in an exploited fish community: a consequence of differential fishing effects on species with contrasting life histories. J Anim Ecol. 68(3): 617-627. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00312.x
16. Krupp M. 1985. Systematik und Zoogeographie der Süßwasserfische des levantinischen Grabenbruchsystems und Ostküste des Mittelmeers. Dissertion 1, 2. Mainz, 215 p.
17. Kuru M, Yerli SV, Mangıt F, Ünlü E, Alp A. 2014. Fish biodiversity in inland waters of Turkey. Journal of Academic Documents for Fisheries and Aquaculture, 1(3): 93-120.
18. Küçük F, Güçlü SS, Turan D, Mutlu AG, Çiftçi Y, Dükel M. 2013. Türkiye'de yayılış gösteren kababurun Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1835 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) cinsinin morfolojik özellikleri. Paper presented at: International Symposium on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (FABA) Erzurum, Turkey. [In Turkish]
19. Küçük F, Gümüş E, Gülle İ, Güçlü SS. 2007. The Fish Fauna of the Göksu River (Türkiye): Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Features. Turkish J Fish Aquat Sci. 7(1): 53-63.
20. Küçük F, Turan D, Güçlü SS, Mutlu AG, Çiftci Y 2017. Two New Species of Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Ceyhan, Seyhan and Göksu Rivers in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish J Fish Aquat Sci. 17(4): 795-803. doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v17_4_15
21. Ogle DH. 2014. FSA: Fisheries Stock Analysis. R package version 0.4.31.
22. Ogle DH. 2016. Introductory fisheries analyses with R. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC 317 p.
23. OSİB SYGM (Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü). 2015. Küçük Menderes Havzası’nda Su Çerçeve Direktifi kapsamında biyolojik izleme projesi, Segal, HT-TTM, HU SAL [In Turkish]
24. Oymak SA. 2000. The Growth Characteristics of Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) in Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey). Turk J Zool. 24(Ek Sayı): 41-50. [In Turkish]
25. Özcan G, Balık S. 2011. Age and growth of Chondrostoma meandrense in Kemer Reservoir, Turkey. J Black Sea/Medit Environ. 17(1): 67-77.
26. Özcan G, Altun A. 2016. Length–weight and length-length relationships for four freshwater fish species from Gölbaşı Lake (Hatay), Turkey. J Appl Ichthyol. 32(6): 1350–1352. doi:10.1111/jai.13215
27. Park YS, Chang J, Lek S, Cao W, Brosse S. 2003. Conservation strategies for endemic fish species threatened by the Three Gorges Dam. Conserv Biol. 17(6): 1748-1758. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00430.x
28. R Core Team. 2014. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R-project.org
29. Redpath TD, Cooke SJ, Arlinghaus R, Wahl DH, Philipp DP. 2009. Life‐history traits and energetic status in relation to vulnerability to angling in an experimentally selected teleost fish. Evol Appl. 2(3): 312-323. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00078.x
30. Ribeiro F, Elvira B, Collares-Pereira MJ, Moyle PB. 2008. Life-history traits of non-native fishes in Iberian watersheds across several invasion stages: a first approach. Biol Invasions. 10(1): 89-102.
31. Robalo JI, Almada VC, Levy A, Doadrio I. 2007. Re-examination and phylogeny of the genus Chondrostoma based on mitochondrial and nuclear data and the definition of 5 new genera. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 42(2): 362–372. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.003
32. Roff DA. 1980. A motion to retire the von Bertalanffy function. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 37(1):127–129. doi: 10.1139/f80-016

33. Rosecchi E, Thomas F, Crivelli AJ. 2001. Can life‐history traits predict the fate of introduced species? A case study on two cyprinid fish in southern France. Freshwater Biol. 46(6): 845-853. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00715.x
34. Schludermann E, Keckeis H, Nemeschkal HL. 2009. Effect of initial size on daily growth and survival in freshwater Chondrostoma nasus larvae: a field survey. J Fish Biol. 74(4): 939-955. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02182.x
35. Suiçmez M, Yılmaz S, Şeherli T. 2011. Age and Growth Features of Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) from Almus Dam Lake, Turkey. SDU Journal of Science. 6(2): 82-90.
36. TS EN 14757. 2015. Water quality. Fish sampling with multi-mesh gillnets.
37. Urban MC. 2007. The growth-predation risk trade-off under a growing gape-limited predation threat. Ecology. 88(10): 2587-2597. doi:10.1890/06-1946.1
38. Venables WN, Ripley BD. 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S. New York: Springer 495 p.
39. Yerli SV, Korkmaz M, Mangıt F. 2016. Length–length and length–weight relationships for four endemic Cyprinid species in Küçük Menderes River Basin, Turkey. J Appl Ichthyol. 32(5): 991-993 doi: 10.1111/jai.13133
40. Yüce S, Aydın R, Gündüz F, Demirol F, Şeker T, Çoban MZ, Şen D. 2015. Growth Properties of Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) living in Keban Dam Lake. Fırat Unv Journal of Science. 27(2): 29-36. [in Turkish]