<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tlt</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>The Literacy Trek</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-3768</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Leyla HARPUTLU</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Perceptions of the students and the teachers towards the use of code switching in EFL classrooms</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-0251</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Karakaya</surname>
                                    <given-names>Merve</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Izmir Institute of Technology</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-8696</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Dikilitaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kenan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Stavanger</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20200625">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>25</month>
                    <year>2020</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>6</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>40</fpage>
                                        <lpage>73</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20200508">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20200608">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, The Literacy Trek</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>The Literacy Trek</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>The purpose of this study is to shed light on the perceptions of the teachers and the students towards the use of code switching in EFL classrooms where English was a medium of instruction. Besides, it mentioned the functions of code switching in the learning and teaching environment. The research was taken place at three state universities in the western part of Turkey and the participants of the students were volunteer university students (N=550) diversified according to their gender, English proficiency level, English learning year, and age. Moreover, English instructors (N=50) who volunteered to participate in the study and the participants varied depending on their gender, nationality, and teaching experience. Questionnaires were distributed to the students for the quantitative part of the research and analyzed by CHIAD analysis as well as descriptive analysis. Interview questions were asked to the teachers and the answers were investigated for the qualitative part of the research and teachers recorded semi-structured interview responses were processed deductively. The results are discussed, and some suggestions are given with respect to the present literature.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Code-switching</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  attitudes toward code switching</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  perceptions and functions of code switching</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahmad, B. H. (2009). Teachers’ code switching in classroom instructions for low English proficient learners. English Language Teaching, 2(2), 49-55.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahmad, B. H., &amp; Jusoff, K. (2009). Teachers’ code switching in classroom instructions for low English proficient learners. English Language Teaching, 2(2), P49.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anton, M., &amp; DiCamilla, F. J. (1999). The discourse of a learner‐centered classroom: Sociocultural perspectives on teacher‐learner interaction in the second‐language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 83(3), 303-318</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Asali, S. (2011). Attitudes of Arab American speakers in the USA towards English- Arabic code switching (Master thesis). Middle East University. Amman, Jordan.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bensen, H. &amp; Çavuşoğlu, Ç. (2014). Reasons for the teachers’ uses of code switching in adult EFL classrooms. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(20), 69-82.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bentahila, A., &amp; Davies, E. E. (1992). Code switching and language dominance. Advances in Psychology, 83, 443-458.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brooks, F. B., &amp; Donato, R. (1994). Vygotskyan approaches to understanding foreign language leaner discourse during communicative tasks. Hispania, 77(2), 262-274.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brown, J. D. (1995). The elements of language curriculum. Boston: Heinle &amp; Heinle Publishers</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Canagarajah, A. S. (1995). Functions of codeswitching in ESL classrooms: Socialising bilingualism in Jaffna. Journal of Multilingual &amp; Multicultural Development, 16(3), 173-195.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cole, S. (1998). The use of L1 in communicative English classrooms. Language Teacher-Kyoto-JALT, 22, 11-14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cook, V. (2002). Portraits of the L2 User. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Duff, P. A. &amp; Polio, C. G. (1990). How much foreign language is there in the foreign language classroom? The Modern Language Journal, 74 (2), 154-166.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dweik, B. (2000). Linguistic and cultural maintenance among the Chechen of Jordan. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 13, 184-195.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elo, S., &amp; Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62, 107–115.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ferguson, G. (2003). Classroom code switching in post-colonial contexts: Functions, attitudes and policies. AILA review, 16(1), 38-51.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gomez, A. (2014). How do native Spanish speakers engage with and respond to bilingual instructional strategies in the ESL classroom? Available at http://bilingualstrategiesinesl.weebly.com/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Greggio, S. &amp; Gil. G. (2007). Teacher’s and learners’ use of code switching in the English as a fo¬reign language classroom: A qualitative study. Linguagem &amp; Ensino, 10(2), 371-393.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: life and reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huerta-Macias, A., &amp; Quinterro, E. (1992). Code Switching, bilingual and biliteracy: Case Study. Duluth: University of Minnesota Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hussein, R. F. (1999). Code-alteration among Arab college students. World Englishes, 18(2), 281-289.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kvale, S. (2008). Doing interviews: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mackey, W. (1962). The description of bilingualism. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 7, 51-85.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Milroy, L., &amp; Muysken, P. (1995). One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code switching. Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Palmer, D. (2009). Code switching and symbolic power in a second-grade two-way classroom: A teacher’s motivation system gone awry. Bilingual Research Journal: The Journal of the National Association or Bilingual Education, 32(1), 42-59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Robert, K. Y. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. New York: The Guilford Press</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sert, O. (2005). The functions of code switching in ELT classrooms. The Internet TESL Journal, 11(8) /online/. Available at http://www.iteslj.org/Articles/Sert-CodeSwitching.html.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Skiba, R. (1997). Code switching as a countenance of language Interference. The Internet TESL Journal. 3(10) /online/. Available at http://www.iteslj.org/Articles/Skiba-CodeSwitching.html.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tien, C., &amp; Liu, K. (2006). Code switching in two EFL classes in Taiwan. English in Southeast Asia: Prospects, Perspectives, and Possibilities, 215.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Üstünel, E., &amp; Seedhouse, P. (2005). Why that, in that language, right now? CS and pedagogical focus. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(3), 302-325.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Valdes, G., &amp; Figueroa, R. (1994). Bilingualism and testing: A special case of bias. Norwood: NJ: Ablex.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wei, L. (Ed.) (2000). The Bilingualism Reader. New York: Rutledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zentella, A. C. (1987) Language and female identity in the Puerto Rican community. In P. Jocye (Ed.), Women and language in transition (pp. 167-79). New York: NY Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
