Japonya'nın Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifine Yeni Eklemlenme Modeli: Ekonomik Devletçilik, Kalkınmacı Pragmatizm ve Kurumsal Biçimlendirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 123 - 142, 22.10.2021

Mustafa Tüter

https://doi.org/10.52539/mad.791835

Öz

Bu makale öncelikle Japonya’nın Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol İnisiyatifi (KYİ)’ne yaklaşımındaki değişimi açıklamayı ve ardından Japonya’nın gelecekte bu inisiyatife ne düzeyde eklemlenebileceğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Japonya’nın Doğu Asya’da evrilen yeni jeoekonomik stratejisine odaklanarak, KYİ’ye yeni eklemlenme modelinin kalkınmacı pragmatizm ve kurumsal kural-biçimlendirmeden oluşan ekonomik devletçilik tarafından şekillendiği iddia edilmektedir. ‘Pragmatik katılımcı olarak Japonya’ daha büyük müşterek faydalara ulaşmak için Çin’le kapsayıcı işbirliğini teşvik ederken; ‘biçimlendirici olarak Japonya’ Çin’in altyapı kalkınmasına yönelik çabalarını yüksek kalite standardlarının oluşturulması ve en iyi uygulamaların ortaya çıkarılması yönünde sevk etmeye çalışmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Japonya’nın gelecekte Çin’in KYİ’sine eklemlenme yönünde pozitif ekonomik devletçilik yaklaşımını sürdürmesi kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Ne var ki; Japonya’nın KYİ ile daha derin bir şekilde eklemlenebilmesi ekonomik ve güvenlik arasında kesişen konuların nasıl halledileceğine bağlıdır. Teknolojik gelişim alanında işbirliğini geliştirme ihtimali kritik bir sorun olduğu gibi, Japonya’nın KYİ’ye politik eklemlenmesi yönünde yeni bir aşamayı da temsil edebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

japonya, ekonomik devletçilik, kalkınmacı pragmatizm, özgür ve açık Hint-Pasifik, kuşak ve yol inisiyatifi

Japan's New Model of Engagement with the BRI: Economic Statecraft, Developmental Pragmatism and Institutional Shaping

Öz

This article aims to explain why Japan’s approach towards China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been changed recently, and then explore how Japan could broadly and deeply choose to engage with the initiative in the future. By focusing on Japan’s evolving geoeconomic strategy in East Asia, it argues that Japan’s new model of engagement with China’s BRI is shaped by its use of economic statecraft which involves two types of characterization: developmental pragmatism and institutional rule-shaping. While ‘Japan as a pragmatic participant’ induces comprehensive cooperation with China for achieving greater mutual benefits, ‘Japan as a shaper’ within the BRI attempts to push China’s efforts of infrastructure development into setting high quality standards and implementing best practices. As a result, Japan is more likely to sustain its positive use of economic statecraft in engaging with China’s BRI in the future. Japan’s deeper engagement with the BRI, however, largely depends on the issues of intersection between economics and security. The possibility for developing a cooperation in the field of technological innovation represents a critical challenge, and also a new stage for moving into Japan’s political engagement with the BRI.

Anahtar Kelimeler

japan, economic statecraft, developmental pragmatism, free and open indo-pacific, belt and road initiative

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